第一千零九十一章 瞿默目犍连经
中部108经/瞿默目犍连经(天臂品[11])
这是我亲身听闻到的:一时,尊者阿难住在王舍城竹林迦兰陀鸟园,此时世尊刚刚入灭不久。当时,摩揭陀国王阿阇世·韦提希子正在重建王舍城,因为他担心波阇王(会来攻打)。
那时,尊者阿难在上午穿好衣服,拿着衣钵进入王舍城乞食。尊者阿难心想:"现在去王舍城乞食还太早。不如我去瞿默目犍连婆罗门的工地,去见瞿默目犍连婆罗门。"
于是尊者阿难就去了瞿默目犍连婆罗门的工地。瞿默目犍连婆罗门远远地看见尊者阿难走来,看见后对尊者阿难说:"请来,尊者阿难。欢迎尊者阿难。尊者阿难很久没来这里了。请坐,尊者阿难,这里有准备好的座位。"尊者阿难坐在准备好的座位上。瞿默目犍连婆罗门也拿了一个低矮的座位,坐在一旁。坐下后,瞿默目犍连婆罗门对尊者阿难说:
"尊者阿难,有没有哪怕一位比丘完全具备那些法,就像尊者乔达摩具备那些法,成为阿罗汉、正等正觉者(阿罗汉解释:阿罗汉是佛教中的最高修行境界,也是四种圣者(四果)中的最后一个阶段,阿罗汉是指已经完全断除所有烦恼,达到最终解脱的修行者。"阿罗汉"可译为"应供"、"无学"或"杀贼",意味着值得供养、不再需要学习、已杀死内心的烦恼;应供解释:断尽一切烦恼,智德圆满,应受人天供养、尊敬者;正等正觉解释:觉即知也。觉知遍于一切,是遍也。觉知契于理,是正也。谓遍正觉知一切法也。又诸佛之觉知平等,故曰等,离邪妄故曰等)?"
"没有,婆罗门,没有哪怕一位比丘完全具备那些法,就像世尊具备那些法,成为阿罗汉、正等正觉者。因为,婆罗门,世尊是未生之道的创造者,未起之道的产生者,未说之道的宣说者;他是知道、了解、精通道路的人;现在的弟子们则是随道而行,之后才具备(那些法)。"
这时,尊者阿难与瞿默目犍连婆罗门的谈话还没有结束。
这时,摩揭陀国大臣雨势婆罗门正在视察王舍城的工程,来到了瞿默目犍连婆罗门的工地,来到尊者阿难那里。到了之后,与尊者阿难互相问候。互相寒暄后,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的摩揭陀国大臣雨势婆罗门对尊者阿难说:
"尊者阿难,你们刚才在谈论什么?你们之间的谈话被打断了?"
"婆罗门,这里瞿默目犍连婆罗门对我这样说:'尊者阿难,有没有哪怕一位比丘完全具备那些法,就像尊者乔达摩具备那些法,成为阿罗汉、正等正觉者?'这样说时,我对瞿默目犍连婆罗门这样说:'没有,婆罗门,没有哪怕一位比丘完全具备那些法,就像世尊具备那些法,成为阿罗汉、正等正觉者。因为,婆罗门,世尊是未生之道的创造者,未起之道的产生者,未说之道的宣说者;他是知道、了解、精通道路的人;现在的弟子们则是随道而行,之后才具备(那些法)。'婆罗门,这就是我们的谈话被打断的地方,这时你来了。"
"尊者阿难,有没有哪怕一位比丘是被尊者乔达摩指定的:'他将在我去世后成为你们的庇护'?你们现在可以追随他?"
"婆罗门,没有哪怕一位比丘是被那位知者、见者、阿罗汉、正等正觉的世尊指定的:'他将在我去世后成为你们的庇护'。我们现在可以追随他。"
"那么,尊者阿难,有没有哪怕一位比丘是由僧团选出的,由多位长老比丘指定的:'他将在世尊去世后成为我们的庇护'?你们现在可以追随他?"
"婆罗门,没有哪怕一位比丘是由僧团选出的,由多位长老比丘指定的:'他将在世尊去世后成为我们的庇护'。我们现在可以追随他。"
"这样没有庇护,尊者阿难,那么和谐的原因是什么呢?"
"婆罗门,我们不是没有庇护。我们有庇护,婆罗门;法就是我们的庇护。"
"'尊者阿难,有没有哪怕一位比丘是被尊者乔达摩指定的:他将在我去世后成为你们的庇护?你们现在可以追随他?'当被这样问时,你回答说:'婆罗门,没有哪怕一位比丘是被那位知者、见者、阿罗汉、正等正觉的世尊指定的:他将在我去世后成为你们的庇护。我们现在可以追随他。''那么,尊者阿难,有没有哪怕一位比丘是由僧团选出的,由多位长老比丘指定的:他将在世尊去世后成为我们的庇护?你们现在可以追随他?'当被这样问时,你回答说:'婆罗门,没有哪怕一位比丘是由僧团选出的,由多位长老比丘指定的:他将在世尊去世后成为我们的庇护。我们现在可以追随他。''这样没有庇护,尊者阿难,那么和谐的原因是什么呢?'当被这样问时,你回答说:'婆罗门,我们不是没有庇护。我们有庇护,婆罗门;法就是我们的庇护。'尊者阿难,这些话是什么意思?应该如何理解?"
"婆罗门,那位知者、见者、阿罗汉、正等正觉的世尊为比丘们制定了学处,宣说了波罗提木叉(波罗提木叉解释:指七众防止身口七支等过,远离诸烦恼惑业而得解脱所受持之戒律。又作波罗提毗木叉、般罗底木叉、钵喇底木叉。意译为随顺解脱、处处解脱、别别解脱、别解脱、最胜、无等学。此戒以防护诸根,增长善法,乃诸善法中之最初门者,故称波罗提木叉。若持戒则能远离惑业之系缚,得无漏清净智,系世间诸学中之最上者,故有无等学之誉,如善见律毗婆沙卷七:‘于诸光明,日光为王;于诸山中,须弥为最;一切世间学,波罗提木叉为最;(中略)佛以无等学而制。’又戒律能随顺有为、无为二种解脱之果,故亦称随顺解脱。此戒包括波罗夷、僧残、不定、舍堕、单堕、波罗提提舍尼、众学、灭诤法等八种。此外,戒本即收集诸戒法之条目而成,系比丘于半月布萨日忏悔所用,若犯戒者,则于此日由上座比丘诵戒条,复于僧众前发露忏悔)。在布萨日(布萨解释:译曰净住,善宿,又曰长养。出家之法,每半月(十五日与廿九日或三十日),集众僧说戒经,使比丘住于净戒中。能长养善法,又在家之法,于六斋日持八戒而增长善法,谓之布萨。因而就所作之法,谓之说戒或八戒。就其功能则曰布萨),我们住在同一村落范围内的所有人都聚集在一起;聚集后,我们请懂得(波罗提木叉)的人诵读。如果在诵读时,有比丘犯了戒或违犯了(学处),我们就按照法,按照教导来处理。"
"并不是尊者们处理我们;是法处理我们。"
"尊者阿难,现在有没有哪怕一位比丘是你们尊敬、恭敬、尊重、供养的;你们尊敬、恭敬后依止他而住?"
"婆罗门,现在没有哪怕一位比丘是我们尊敬、恭敬、尊重、供养的;我们尊敬、恭敬后依止他而住。"
"'尊者阿难,有没有哪怕一位比丘是被尊者乔达摩指定的:他将在我去世后成为你们的庇护?你们现在可以追随他?'当被这样问时,你回答说:'婆罗门,没有哪怕一位比丘是被那位知者、见者、阿罗汉、正等正觉的世尊指定的:他将在我去世后成为你们的庇护。我们现在可以追随他。''那么,尊者阿难,有没有哪怕一位比丘是由僧团选出的,由多位长老比丘指定的:他将在世尊去世后成为我们的庇护?你们现在可以追随他?'当被这样问时,你回答说:'婆罗门,没有哪怕一位比丘是由僧团选出的,由多位长老比丘指定的:他将在世尊去世后成为我们的庇护。我们现在可以追随他。''尊者阿难,现在有没有哪怕一位比丘是你们尊敬、恭敬、尊重、供养的;你们尊敬、恭敬后依止他而住?'当被这样问时,你回答说:'婆罗门,现在没有哪怕一位比丘是我们尊敬、恭敬、尊重、供养的;我们尊敬、恭敬后依止他而住。'尊者阿难,这些话是什么意思?应该如何理解?"
"婆罗门,那位知者、见者、阿罗汉、正等正觉的世尊已经宣说了十种令人信服的法。如果我们中有人具备这些法,我们就尊敬、恭敬、尊重、供养他;尊敬、恭敬后依止他而住。哪十种?
"婆罗门,在这里,比丘持戒,守护波罗提木叉律仪而住,具足正行与行处,对微细的罪过也见到危险,受持学习学处。
"他多闻、受持所闻、积集所闻。那些法初善、中善、后善,有义、有文,宣说完全圆满清净的梵行(梵行解释:清净的修行,一般指修行八正道),他多闻这样的法,忆持、熟悉语言、内心思维、以见透彻理解。
"他对衣服、饮食、住处、病缘医药资具知足。
"他随意获得四种增上心的现法乐住,不困难、不艰难地获得。
"他以种种神通变化:一身变多身,多身变一身;显现、隐匿;穿墙、穿壁、穿山无碍而行,如在虚空;出没于地中,如在水中;行走水上不沉没,如在地上;结跏趺坐而飞行,如有翼之鸟(结跏趺坐解释:坐法之一。又作结加趺坐、结跏跗坐、跏趺正坐、跏趺坐、加趺坐、跏坐、结坐。即互交二足,结跏安坐。又称交一足为半跏趺坐、半跏坐、半跏、贤坐;称交二足为全跏坐、本跏坐、全跏、大坐、莲华坐。其坐法即双膝弯曲,两足掌向上之形式,可分为降魔、吉祥二种:1.先以右足压左股,后以左足压右股,二足掌仰于二股之上,手亦左手居上,称为降魔坐。天台、禅宗等显教诸宗多传此坐。2.先以左足压右股,后以右足压左股,手亦右手压左手,称为吉祥坐。密宗亦称之为莲花坐。如来于菩提树下成正觉时,身安吉祥之坐,手作降魔印。此多于密教中行之,盖以右足表示佛界,左足表示众生界。以右足压左足,乃佛界摄取众生界,众生界归佛界之意,即表示生佛不二之义);以手触摸擦拭这样大神力大威德的日月;以身自在行至梵天界(梵天界解释:指色界之初禅天。略称梵界。系堵塞诸烦恼海之本源者,所生寂静梵天之世界。梵天界中,有梵众天、梵辅天等,亦总称之为梵身天或梵世天)。
"他以清净超人的天耳界,听到两种声音:天的和人的,远的和近的。
"他以心识知他人之心。有贪欲的心知道是有贪欲的心,离贪欲的心知道是离贪欲的心;有嗔恨的心知道是有嗔恨的心,离嗔恨的心知道是离嗔恨的心;有愚痴的心知道是有愚痴的心,离愚痴的心知道是离愚痴的心;集中的心知道是集中的心,散乱的心知道是散乱的心;广大的心知道是广大的心,不广大的心知道是不广大的心;有上的心知道是有上的心,无上的心知道是无上的心;定的心知道是定的心,不定的心知道是不定的心;解脱的心知道是解脱的心,未解脱的心知道是未解脱的心。
"他忆念种种前世:一生、二生、三生、四生、五生、十生、二十生、三十生、四十生、五十生、百生、千生、百千生、许多坏劫、许多成劫、许多坏成劫(劫解释:指的是一个极其漫长的时间周期,通常用来描述宇宙的生成、存在和毁灭的循环,一劫通常指一个大劫,也就是一个完整的宇宙生灭周期):'我曾在那里,如是名、如是姓、如是容貌、如是食物、如是感受苦乐、如是寿命。我从那里死后,又生在那里。我在那里,如是名、如是姓、如是容貌、如是食物、如是感受苦乐、如是寿命。我从那里死后,又生在这里。'他如是忆念种种前世,具足行相与境遇。
"他以清净超人的天眼,见到众生死时生时,卑贱、高贵、美丽、丑陋、幸运、不幸,了知众生随业而去(业解释:是指一个人的行为,身、口、意所产生的能量或力量,每个行为都会产生相应的结果,善行产生善果,恶行产生恶果,影响个人的性格、处境、际遇等,可能延续到来世,影响轮回)。
"他以诸漏尽而无漏(漏尽解释:烦恼灭尽;无漏解释:无烦恼和痛苦),心解脱、慧解脱,现法自知作证具足安住。
"婆罗门,这就是那位知者、见者、阿罗汉、正等正觉的世尊所宣说的十种令人信服的法。如果我们中有人具备这些法,我们就尊敬、恭敬、尊重、供养他;尊敬、恭敬后依止他而住。"
当这样说时,摩揭陀国大臣雨势婆罗门对优波难陀将军说:"将军怎么认为?如果这些尊者们尊敬应当尊敬的,恭敬应当恭敬的,尊重应当尊重的,供养应当供养的?"
"确实,这些尊者们尊敬应当尊敬的,恭敬应当恭敬的,尊重应当尊重的,供养应当供养的。如果这些尊者们不尊敬、不恭敬、不尊重、不供养这样的人,那他们还会尊敬、恭敬、尊重、供养谁呢?他们会尊敬、恭敬、尊重、供养谁,尊敬、恭敬、尊重、供养后依止谁而住呢?"
然后,摩揭陀国大臣雨势婆罗门对尊者阿难说:"尊者阿难现在住在哪里?"
"婆罗门,我现在住在竹林中。"
"尊者阿难,竹林是否令人愉悦,安静无噪音,远离人群,适合独处静修?"
"确实如此,婆罗门。竹林确实令人愉悦,安静无噪音,远离人群,适合独处静修,这要归功于像你这样的守护者和保护者。"
"确实如此,尊者阿难。竹林确实令人愉悦,安静无噪音,远离人群,适合独处静修,这要归功于像你们这样的禅修者和习惯禅修的人。你们既是禅修者,又习惯于禅修。"
"婆罗门,有一次,尊者乔达摩住在毗舍离大林中的重阁讲堂。那时,我去了大林中的重阁讲堂,去见尊者乔达摩。在那里,尊者乔达摩用多种方式谈论禅修。尊者乔达摩既是禅修者,又赞叹各种禅修。"
"但是,婆罗门,世尊并没有赞叹所有的禅修,也没有不赞叹所有的禅修。那么,婆罗门,世尊不赞叹什么样的禅修呢?在这里,婆罗门,某人的心被欲贪所占据,被欲贪所控制,对已生起的欲贪不如实了知出离之道;他专注于欲贪,思考欲贪,深思欲贪,沉溺于欲贪。他的心被嗔恨所占据,被嗔恨所控制(嗔恨解释:愤怒怨恨),对已生起的嗔恨不如实了知出离之道;他专注于嗔恨,思考嗔恨,深思嗔恨,沉溺于嗔恨。他的心被昏沉睡眠所占据,被昏沉睡眠所控制(昏沉睡眠解释:昏沉睡眠是佛教中的一个重要修行障碍,也是五盖之一。昏沉:指心理上的迟钝、懒惰或无精打采的状态。睡眠:指身体上的嗜睡或昏昏欲睡的状态。特征:精神萎靡不振,注意力难以集中,身体感觉沉重,对修行或其他活动缺乏兴趣),对已生起的昏沉睡眠不如实了知出离之道;他专注于昏沉睡眠,思考昏沉睡眠,深思昏沉睡眠,沉溺于昏沉睡眠。他的心被掉举恶作所占据(掉举解释:掉举是佛教中的一个重要修行障碍,通常与恶作一起讨论,合称"掉举恶作",是五盖之一。掉举指心理上的躁动、不安或兴奋状态。它是一种心不能平静、总是处于波动或分散的状态。特征:心念不定,难以集中,思绪纷飞,难以控制,内心感到焦躁不安,对外界刺激反应过度),被掉举恶作所控制,对已生起的掉举恶作不如实了知出离之道;他专注于掉举恶作,思考掉举恶作,深思掉举恶作,沉溺于掉举恶作。他的心被怀疑所占据,被怀疑所控制,对已生起的怀疑不如实了知出离之道;他专注于怀疑,思考怀疑,深思怀疑,沉溺于怀疑。婆罗门,世尊不赞叹这样的禅修。
"那么,婆罗门,世尊赞叹什么样的禅修呢?在这里,婆罗门,比丘离欲、离不善法,有寻有伺,由离生喜乐,进入并安住于初禅(有寻有伺解释,见第八百八十九章;初禅解释,见第一百五十五章)。由于寻伺平息,内心宁静,心专注一境,无寻无伺,由定生喜乐,进入并安住于第二禅(第二禅解释:即是二禅,见第一百五十五章)。...第三禅(三禅解释,见第一百五十五章)...第四禅(四禅解释,见第一百五十五章)。婆罗门,世尊赞叹这样的禅修。"
"看来,尊者阿难,尊者乔达摩批评应该批评的禅修,赞叹应该赞叹的禅修。好了,尊者阿难,我们现在该走了。我们很忙,有很多事情要做。"
"婆罗门,你认为现在是时候就请便吧。"
于是,摩揭陀国大臣雨势婆罗门欣喜赞叹尊者阿难的话,从座位起身离开。
这时,瞿默目犍连婆罗门在雨势婆罗门离开不久后对尊者阿难说:"我们问尊者阿难的问题,尊者阿难没有回答。"
"婆罗门,难道我们没有对你说:'婆罗门,没有哪怕一位比丘完全具备那些法,就像世尊具备那些法,成为阿罗汉、正等正觉者。因为,婆罗门,世尊是未生之道的创造者,未起之道的产生者,未说之道的宣说者;他是知道、了解、精通道路的人;现在的弟子们则是随道而行,之后才具备(那些法)。'"
瞿默目犍连经第八结束。
巴利语原版经文
MN.108/(8) Gopakamoggallānasuttaṃ
79. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ānando rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe aciraparinibbute bhagavati. Tena kho pana samayena rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto rājagahaṃ paṭisaṅkhārāpeti rañño pajjotassa āsaṅkamāno. Atha kho āyasmā ānando pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Atha kho āyasmato ānandassa etadahosi– “atippago kho tāva rājagahe piṇḍāya carituṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yena gopakamoggallānassa brāhmaṇassa kammanto, yena gopakamoggallāno brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkameyyan”ti.
Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena gopakamoggallānassa brāhmaṇassa kammanto, yena gopakamoggallāno brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho gopakamoggallāno brāhmaṇo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca– “etu kho bhavaṃ ānando. Svāgataṃ bhoto ānandassa. Cirassaṃ kho bhavaṃ ānando imaṃ pariyāyamakāsi yadidaṃ idhāgamanāya. Nisīdatu bhavaṃ ānando, idamāsanaṃ paññattan”ti. Nisīdi kho āyasmā ānando paññatte āsane. Gopakamoggallānopi kho brāhmaṇo aññataraṃ nīcaṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho gopakamoggallāno brāhmaṇo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – “atthi nu kho, bho ānanda, ekabhikkhupi tehi dhammehi sabbenasabbaṃ sabbathāsabbaṃ samannāgato yehi dhammehi samannāgato so bhavaṃ gotamo ahosi arahaṃ sammāsambuddho”ti? “Natthi kho, brāhmaṇa, ekabhikkhupi tehi dhammehi sabbenasabbaṃ sabbathāsabbaṃ samannāgato yehi dhammehi samannāgato so bhagavā ahosi arahaṃ sammāsambuddho. So hi, brāhmaṇa, bhagavā anuppannassa maggassa uppādetā, asañjātassa maggassa sañjanetā, anakkhātassa maggassa akkhātā, maggaññū, maggavidū, maggakovido; maggānugā ca pana etarahi sāvakā viharanti pacchā samannāgatā”ti. Ayañca hidaṃ āyasmato ānandassa gopakamoggallānena brāhmaṇena saddhiṃ antarākathā vippakatā ahosi.
Atha kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto rājagahe kammante anusaññāyamāno yena gopakamoggallānassa brāhmaṇassa kammanto, yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā ānandena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca– “kāyanuttha, bho ānanda, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā, kā ca pana vo antarākathā vippakatā”ti? “Idha maṃ, brāhmaṇa, gopakamoggallāno brāhmaṇo evamāha– ‘atthi nu kho, bho ānanda, ekabhikkhupi tehi dhammehi sabbenasabbaṃ sabbathāsabbaṃ samannāgato yehi dhammehi samannāgato so bhavaṃ gotamo ahosi arahaṃ sammāsambuddho’ti. Evaṃ vutte ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, gopakamoggallānaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavocaṃ– ‘natthi kho, brāhmaṇa, ekabhikkhupi tehi dhammehi sabbenasabbaṃ sabbathāsabbaṃ samannāgato yehi dhammehi samannāgato so bhagavā ahosi arahaṃ sammāsambuddho. So hi, brāhmaṇa, bhagavā anuppannassa maggassa uppādetā, asañjātassa maggassa sañjanetā, anakkhātassa maggassa akkhātā, maggaññū, maggavidū, maggakovido; maggānugā ca pana etarahi sāvakā viharanti pacchā samannāgatā’ti. Ayaṃ kho no, brāhmaṇa, gopakamoggallānena brāhmaṇena saddhiṃ antarākathā vippakatā. Atha tvaṃ anuppatto”ti.
80. “Atthi nu kho, bho ānanda, ekabhikkhupi tena bhotā gotamena ṭhapito– ‘ayaṃ vo mamaccayena paṭisaraṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti, yaṃ tumhe etarahi paṭipādeyyāthā”ti? “Natthi kho, brāhmaṇa, ekabhikkhupi tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ṭhapito– ‘ayaṃ vo mamaccayena paṭisaraṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti, yaṃ mayaṃ etarahi paṭipādeyyāmā”ti. “Atthi pana, bho ānanda, ekabhikkhupi saṅghena sammato, sambahulehi therehi bhikkhūhi ṭhapito– ‘ayaṃ no bhagavato accayena paṭisaraṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti, yaṃ tumhe etarahi paṭipādeyyāthā”ti? “Natthi kho, brāhmaṇa, ekabhikkhupi saṅghena sammato, sambahulehi therehi bhikkhūhi ṭhapito– ‘ayaṃ no bhagavato accayena paṭisaraṇaṃ bhavissatī’ti, yaṃ mayaṃ etarahi paṭipādeyyāmā”ti. “Evaṃ appaṭisaraṇe ca pana, bho ānanda, ko hetu sāmaggiyā”ti? “Na kho mayaṃ, brāhmaṇa, appaṭisaraṇā; sappaṭisaraṇā mayaṃ, brāhmaṇa; dhammappaṭisaraṇā”ti.
“‘Atthi nu kho, bho ānanda, ekabhikkhupi tena bhotā gotamena ṭhapito– ayaṃ vo mamaccayena paṭisaraṇaṃ bhavissatīti, yaṃ tumhe etarahi paṭipādeyyāthā’ti– iti puṭṭho samāno ‘natthi kho, brāhmaṇa, ekabhikkhupi tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ṭhapito– ayaṃ vo mamaccayena paṭisaraṇaṃ bhavissatīti, yaṃ mayaṃ etarahi paṭipādeyyāmā’ti vadesi; ‘atthi pana, bho ānanda, ekabhikkhupi saṅghena sammato, sambahulehi therehi bhikkhūhi ṭhapito– ayaṃ no bhagavato accayena paṭisaraṇaṃ bhavissatīti, yaṃ tumhe etarahi paṭipādeyyāthā’ti– iti puṭṭho samāno ‘natthi kho, brāhmaṇa, ekabhikkhupi saṅghena sammato, sambahulehi therehi bhikkhūhi ṭhapito– ayaṃ no bhagavato accayena paṭisaraṇaṃ bhavissatīti, yaṃ mayaṃ etarahi paṭipādeyyāmā’ti– vadesi; ‘evaṃ appaṭisaraṇe ca pana, bho ānanda, ko hetu sāmaggiyā’ti iti puṭṭho samāno ‘na kho mayaṃ, brāhmaṇa appaṭisaraṇā; sappaṭisaraṇā mayaṃ, brāhmaṇa; dhammappaṭisaraṇā’ti vadesi. Imassa pana, bho ānanda, bhāsitassa kathaṃ attho daṭṭhabbo”ti?
81. “Atthi kho, brāhmaṇa, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, pātimokkhaṃ uddiṭṭhaṃ. Te mayaṃ tadahuposathe yāvatikā ekaṃ gāmakhettaṃ upanissāya viharāma te sabbe ekajjhaṃ sannipatāma; sannipatitvā yassa taṃ pavattati taṃ ajjhesāma. Tasmiṃ ce bhaññamāne hoti bhikkhussa āpatti hoti vītikkamo taṃ mayaṃ yathādhammaṃ yathānusiṭṭhaṃ kāremāti.
“Na kira no bhavanto kārenti; dhammo no kāreti”. “Atthi nu kho, bho ānanda, ekabhikkhupi yaṃ tumhe etarahi sakkarotha garuṃ karotha mānetha pūjetha; sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya viharathā”ti? “Natthi kho, brāhmaṇa, ekabhikkhupi yaṃ mayaṃ etarahi sakkaroma garuṃ karoma mānema pūjema; sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya viharāmā”ti.
“‘Atthi nu kho, bho ānanda, ekabhikkhupi tena bhotā gotamena ṭhapito– ayaṃ vo mamaccayena paṭisaraṇaṃ bhavissatīti yaṃ tumhe etarahi paṭipādeyyāthā’ti– iti puṭṭho samāno ‘natthi kho, brāhmaṇa, ekabhikkhupi tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ṭhapito– ayaṃ vo mamaccayena paṭisaraṇaṃ bhavissatīti yaṃ mayaṃ etarahi paṭipādeyyāmā’ti vadesi; ‘atthi pana, bho ānanda, ekabhikkhupi saṅghena sammato, sambahulehi therehi bhikkhūhi ṭhapito – ayaṃ no bhagavato accayena paṭisaraṇaṃ bhavissatīti yaṃ tumhe etarahi paṭipādeyyāthā’ti iti puṭṭho samāno ‘natthi kho, brāhmaṇa, ekabhikkhupi saṅghena sammato, sambahulehi therehi bhikkhūhi ṭhapito– ayaṃ no bhagavato accayena paṭisaraṇaṃ bhavissatīti yaṃ mayaṃ etarahi paṭipādeyyāmā’ti vadesi; ‘atthi nu kho, bho ānanda, ekabhikkhupi yaṃ tumhe etarahi sakkarotha garuṃ karotha mānetha pūjetha; sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya viharathā’ti– iti puṭṭho samāno ‘natthi kho, brāhmaṇa, ekabhikkhupi yaṃ mayaṃ etarahi sakkaroma garuṃ karoma mānema pūjema; sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya viharāmā’ti vadesi. Imassa pana, bho ānanda, bhāsitassa kathaṃ attho daṭṭhabbo”ti?
82. “Atthi kho, brāhmaṇa, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena dasa pasādanīyā dhammā akkhātā. Yasmiṃ no ime dhammā saṃvijjanti taṃ mayaṃ etarahi sakkaroma garuṃ karoma mānema pūjema; sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya viharāma. Katame dasa?
“Idha brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu.
“Bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo. Ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā, majjhekalyāṇā, pariyosānakalyāṇā, sātthaṃ, sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ abhivadanti tathārūpāssa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā.
“Santuṭṭho hoti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajja-parikkhārehi.
“Catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī.
“Anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti– ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti; āvibhāvaṃ tirobhāvaṃ; tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gacchati, seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ karoti, seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gacchati, seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamati, seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve pāṇinā parimasati parimajjati, yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti.
“Dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya ubho sadde suṇāti– dibbe ca mānuse ca, ye dūre santike ca.
“Parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti. Sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘sarāgaṃ cittan’ti pajānāti, vītarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘vītarāgaṃ cittan’ti pajānāti, sadosaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘sadosaṃ cittan’ti pajānāti, vītadosaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘vītadosaṃ cittan’ti pajānāti, samohaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘samohaṃ cittan’ti pajānāti, vītamohaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘vītamohaṃ cittan’ti pajānāti, saṃkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘saṃkhittaṃ cittan’ti pajānāti, vikkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘vikkhittaṃ cittan’ti pajānāti mahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ ‘mahaggataṃ cittan’ti pajānāti, amahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ ‘amahaggataṃ cittan’ti pajānāti, sa-uttaraṃ vā cittaṃ ‘sa-uttaraṃ cittan’ti pajānāti, anuttaraṃ vā cittaṃ ‘anuttaraṃ cittan’ti pajānāti, samāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘samāhitaṃ cittan’ti pajānāti, asamāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘asamāhitaṃ cittan’ti pajānāti, vimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘vimuttaṃ cittan’ti pajānāti, avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘avimuttaṃ cittan’ti pajānāti.
“Anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, seyyathidaṃ– ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattārīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe– ‘amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti. Iti sākāraṃ sa-uddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati.
“Dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti.
“Āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati.
“Ime kho, brāhmaṇa, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena dasa pasādanīyā dhammā akkhātā. Yasmiṃ no ime dhammā saṃvijjanti taṃ mayaṃ etarahi sakkaroma garuṃ karoma mānema pūjema; sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya viharāmā”ti.
83. Evaṃ vutte vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto upanandaṃ senāpatiṃ āmantesi– “taṃ kiṃ maññati bhavaṃ senāpati yadime bhonto sakkātabbaṃ sakkaronti, garuṃ kātabbaṃ garuṃ karonti, mānetabbaṃ mānenti pūjetabbaṃ pūjenti”? “Tagghime bhonto sakkātabbaṃ sakkaronti, garuṃ kātabbaṃ garuṃ karonti, mānetabbaṃ mānenti, pūjetabbaṃ pūjenti. Imañca hi te bhonto na sakkareyyuṃ na garuṃ kareyyuṃ na māneyyuṃ na pūjeyyuṃ; atha kiñcarahi te bhonto sakkareyyuṃ garuṃ kareyyuṃ māneyyuṃ pūjeyyuṃ, sakkatvā garuṃ katvā mānetvā pūjetvā upanissāya vihareyyun”ti? Atha kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca– “kahaṃ pana bhavaṃ ānando etarahi viharatī”ti? “Veḷuvane khohaṃ, brāhmaṇa, etarahi viharāmī”ti. “Kacci pana, bho ānanda, veḷuvanaṃ ramaṇīyañceva appasaddañca appanigghosañca vijanavātaṃ manussarāhasseyyakaṃ paṭisallānasāruppan”ti? “Taggha, brāhmaṇa, veḷuvanaṃ ramaṇīyañceva appasaddañca appanigghosañca vijanavātaṃ manussarāhasseyyakaṃ paṭisallānasāruppaṃ, yathā taṃ tumhādisehi rakkhakehi gopakehī”ti. “Taggha, bho ānanda, veḷuvanaṃ ramaṇīyañceva appasaddañca appanigghosañca vijanavātaṃ manussarāhasseyyakaṃ paṭisallānasāruppaṃ, yathā taṃ bhavantehi jhāyīhi jhānasīlīhi. Jhāyino ceva bhavanto jhānasīlino ca”.
“Ekamidāhaṃ bho ānanda, samayaṃ so bhavaṃ gotamo vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Atha khvāhaṃ, bho ānanda, yena mahāvanaṃ kūṭāgārasālā yena so bhavaṃ gotamo tenupasaṅkamiṃ. Tatra ca pana so bhavaṃ gotamo anekapariyāyena jhānakathaṃ kathesi. Jhāyī ceva so bhavaṃ gotamo ahosi jhānasīlī ca. Sabbañca pana so bhavaṃ gotamo jhānaṃ vaṇṇesī”ti.
84. “Na ca kho, brāhmaṇa, so bhagavā sabbaṃ jhānaṃ vaṇṇesi, napi so bhagavā sabbaṃ jhānaṃ na vaṇṇesīti. Kathaṃ rūpañca brāhmaṇa, so bhagavā jhānaṃ na vaṇṇesi? Idha, brāhmaṇa, ekacco kāmarāgapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā viharati kāmarāgaparetena, uppannassa ca kāmarāgassa nissaraṇaṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti; so kāmarāgaṃyeva antaraṃ karitvā jhāyati pajjhāyati nijjhāyati apajjhāyati. Byāpādapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā viharati byāpādaparetena, uppannassa ca byāpādassa nissaraṇaṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti; so byāpādaṃyeva antaraṃ karitvā jhāyati pajjhāyati nijjhāyati apajjhāyati. Thinamiddhapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā viharati thinamiddhaparetena, uppannassa ca thinamiddhassa nissaraṇaṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti; so thinamiddhaṃyeva antaraṃ karitvā jhāyati pajjhāyati nijjhāyati apajjhāyati. Uddhaccakukkuccapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā viharati uddhaccakukkuccaparetena, uppannassa ca uddhaccakukkuccassa nissaraṇaṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti; so uddhaccakukkuccaṃyeva antaraṃ karitvā jhāyati pajjhāyati nijjhāyati apajjhāyati. Vicikicchāpariyuṭṭhitena cetasā viharati vicikicchāparetena, uppannāya ca vicikicchāya nissaraṇaṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti; so vicikicchaṃyeva antaraṃ karitvā jhāyati pajjhāyati nijjhāyati apajjhāyati. Evarūpaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, so bhagavā jhānaṃ na vaṇṇesi.
“Kathaṃ rūpañca, brāhmaṇa, so bhagavā jhānaṃ vaṇṇesi? Idha, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ …pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Evarūpaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, so bhagavā jhānaṃ vaṇṇesī”ti.
“Gārayhaṃ kira, bho ānanda, so bhavaṃ gotamo jhānaṃ garahi, pāsaṃsaṃ pasaṃsi. Handa, ca dāni mayaṃ, bho ānanda, gacchāma; bahukiccā mayaṃ bahukaraṇīyā”ti. “Yassadāni tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, kālaṃ maññasī”ti. Atha kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto āyasmato ānandassa bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.
Atha kho gopakamoggallāno brāhmaṇo acirapakkante vassakāre brāhmaṇe magadhamahāmatte āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca– “yaṃ no mayaṃ bhavantaṃ ānandaṃ apucchimhā taṃ no bhavaṃ ānando na byākāsī”ti. “Nanu te, brāhmaṇa, avocumhā– ‘natthi kho, brāhmaṇa, ekabhikkhupi tehi dhammehi sabbenasabbaṃ sabbathāsabbaṃ samannāgato yehi dhammehi samannāgato so bhagavā ahosi arahaṃ sammāsambuddho. So hi, brāhmaṇa, bhagavā anuppannassa maggassa uppādetā, asañjātassa maggassa sañjanetā, anakkhātassa maggassa akkhātā, maggaññū, maggavidū, maggakovido Maggānugā ca pana etarahi sāvakā viharanti pacchā samannāgatā’”ti.
Gopakamoggallānasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ.