第一千零八十九章 不动安稳经
中部106经/不动安稳经(天臂品[11])
这是我亲身听闻到的:一时,世尊住在俱卢国,在俱卢人的一个市镇名叫甘马萨达摩。在那里,世尊对比丘们说:"诸比丘。"比丘们回答说:"尊者。"世尊说道:"诸比丘,欲是无常的(无常解释:随时在变化,无法永恒存在,无法永远保持不变),是空虚的,是虚假的,是欺骗性的。诸比丘,这是愚人的谈论。无论是现世的欲,还是来世的欲;无论是现世的欲想,还是来世的欲想 - 这两者都是魔罗的领域,是魔罗的境地,是魔罗的陷阱,是魔罗的猎场。在这里,那些邪恶的、不善的心理状态如贪婪、嗔恨、暴力等会产生(嗔恨解释:愤怒怨恨)。这些对于在此修学的圣弟子来说是一种障碍。因此,诸比丘,圣弟子如是思惟:'无论是现世的欲,还是来世的欲;无论是现世的欲想,还是来世的欲想 - 这两者都是魔罗的领域,是魔罗的境地,是魔罗的陷阱,是魔罗的猎场。在这里,那些邪恶的、不善的心理状态如贪婪、嗔恨、暴力等会产生,这些对于在此修学的圣弟子来说是一种障碍。我应该以广大、无量的心安住,超越世间,以心胜解。因为当我以广大、无量的心安住,超越世间,以心胜解时,那些邪恶的、不善的心理状态如贪婪、嗔恨、暴力等就不会存在。通过断除它们,我的心将变得无量、广大、善修。'他如是修习,多住于此,他的心在此境界中得到净化。当心净化时,他或在当下进入不动,或以智慧解脱。在身坏命终之后,有可能他的识会趣向不动。诸比丘,这被称为第一种通向不动的修行道路。"
"再者,诸比丘,圣弟子如是思惟:'无论是现世的欲,还是来世的欲;无论是现世的欲想,还是来世的欲想;一切色(色解释:物质事物,物质世界),都是四大种及四大种所造色(四大解释:即是地大,水大,火大,风大。地大:代表固体元素与坚硬、粗糙、重量等特性相关,在身体中,可以理解为骨骼、肌肉、器官等固态组织;水大:代表液体元素与流动、粘结、湿润等特性相关,在身体中,可以理解为血液、体液、唾液等液态物质;火大:代表热能元素与温度、成熟、消化等特性相关,在身体中,可以理解为体温、消化系统的热能等;风大:代表运动元素与移动、支撑、振动等特性相关,在身体中,可以理解为呼吸、血液循环、肠胃蠕动等动态过程)。'他如是修习,多住于此,他的心在此境界中得到净化。当心净化时,他或在当下进入不动,或以智慧解脱。在身坏命终之后,有可能他的识会趣向不动。诸比丘,这被称为第二种通向不动的修行道路。"
"再者,诸比丘,圣弟子如是思惟:'无论是现世的欲,还是来世的欲;无论是现世的欲想,还是来世的欲想;无论是现世的色,还是来世的色;无论是现世的色想,还是来世的色想 - 这两者都是无常的。凡无常者,不值得欢喜,不值得赞叹,不值得执著。'他如是修习,多住于此,他的心在此境界中得到净化。当心净化时,他或在当下进入不动,或以智慧解脱。在身坏命终之后,有可能他的识会趣向不动。诸比丘,这被称为第三种通向不动的修行道路。"
"再者,诸比丘,圣弟子如是思惟:'无论是现世的欲,还是来世的欲;无论是现世的欲想,还是来世的欲想;无论是现世的色,还是来世的色;无论是现世的色想,还是来世的色想;以及不动想 - 这一切都是想。当这些想完全止息时,那寂静、殊胜,即是无所有处(无所有处解释,见第一百五十五章)。'他如是修习,多住于此,他的心在此境界中得到净化。当心净化时,他或在当下进入无所有处,或以智慧解脱。在身坏命终之后,有可能他的识会趣向无所有处。诸比丘,这被称为第一种通向无所有处的修行道路。"
"再者,诸比丘,圣弟子到林野中,或到树下,或到空闲处,如是思惟:'此是空,无我或我所。'他如是修习,多住于此,他的心在此境界中得到净化。当心净化时,他或在当下进入无所有处,或以智慧解脱。在身坏命终之后,有可能他的识会趣向无所有处。诸比丘,这被称为第二种通向无所有处的修行道路。"
"再者,诸比丘,圣弟子如是思惟:'我不是任何人的任何东西,也没有任何东西是我的。'他如是修习,多住于此,他的心在此境界中得到净化。当心净化时,他或在当下进入无所有处,或以智慧解脱。在身坏命终之后,有可能他的识会趣向无所有处。诸比丘,这被称为第三种通向无所有处的修行道路。"
"再者,诸比丘,圣弟子如是思惟:'无论是现世的欲,还是来世的欲;无论是现世的欲想,还是来世的欲想;无论是现世的色,还是来世的色;无论是现世的色想,还是来世的色想;以及不动想、无所有处想 - 这一切都是想。当这些想完全止息时,那寂静、殊胜,即是非想非非想处(非想非非想处解释,见第一百五十五章)。'他如是修习,多住于此,他的心在此境界中得到净化。当心净化时,他或在当下进入非想非非想处,或以智慧解脱。在身坏命终之后,有可能他的识会趣向非想非非想处。诸比丘,这被称为通向非想非非想处的修行道路。"
当这么说时,尊者阿难对世尊说:"尊者,在这里,如果一位比丘这样修习:'若无彼,则无我;将不会有,则不会是我的。我舍弃现有的、已生的。'他如是获得舍。尊者,这位比丘会完全般涅槃吗?还是不会完全般涅槃(般涅槃解释:进入最后的涅槃境界,不再生死轮回;生死轮回解释,见第五百七十八章)?"
"阿难,在这里,有些比丘会完全般涅槃,有些比丘则不会完全般涅槃。"
"尊者,是什么原因,什么条件,使得有些比丘会完全般涅槃,而有些比丘则不会完全般涅槃?"
"阿难,在这里,如果一位比丘这样修习:'若无彼,则无我;将不会有,则不会是我的。我舍弃现有的、已生的。'他如是获得舍。如果他喜爱那舍,称赞那舍,执著那舍,那么他的识就依于那舍,执取那舍。阿难,有执取的比丘是不会完全般涅槃的。"
"尊者,那么这位比丘执取什么呢?"
"阿难,非想非非想处。"
"尊者,看来这位比丘执取最上等的执取。"
"确实如此,阿难,这位比丘执取最上等的执取。阿难,这最上等的执取就是非想非非想处。"
"阿难,在这里,如果一位比丘这样修习:'若无彼,则无我;将不会有,则不会是我的。我舍弃现有的、已生的。'他如是获得舍。他不喜爱那舍,不称赞那舍,不执著那舍,那么他的识就不依于那舍,不执取那舍。阿难,无执取的比丘会完全般涅槃。"
"尊者,真是稀有!尊者,真是未曾有!尊者,原来世尊是通过一步步的修行来教导我们渡过暴流的(暴流解释:又作瀑流。为烦恼之别名。旧译暴河。大水暴涨之时,可漂流人畜、房屋等;烦恼亦然,可漂失吾人之善德善品,故称为暴流。诸经中以暴流喻烦恼时,通常分为欲暴流、有暴流、见暴流、无明暴流等四种)。尊者,什么是圣解脱呢?"
"阿难,在这里,圣弟子如是思惟:'无论是现世的欲,还是来世的欲;无论是现世的欲想,还是来世的欲想;无论是现世的色,还是来世的色;无论是现世的色想,还是来世的色想;以及不动想、无所有处想、非想非非想处想 - 这就是有身,只要有身存在(有身解释:有六根之身相者。临济录曰:有身非觉体,无相乃真形)。这是不死,即是无取着的心解脱。'
阿难,我已经教导了通向不动的修行道路,教导了通向无所有处的修行道路,教导了通向非想非非想处的修行道路,教导了一步步渡过暴流的方法,教导了圣解脱。阿难,凡是一位导师出于慈悲、为了弟子们的利益应该做的,我都已经为你们做了。阿难,这里有树根,那里有空屋。阿难,你们要禅修,不要放逸,不要后悔。这是我对你们的教诲。"
这就是世尊所说。尊者阿难欢喜、随喜世尊所说。
不动安稳经完。
巴利语原版经文
MN.106/(6) Āneñjasappāyasuttaṃ
66. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kurūsu viharati kammāsadhammaṃ nāma kurūnaṃ nigamo. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “bhikkhavo”ti. “Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca– “aniccā, bhikkhave, kāmā tucchā musā mosadhammā. Māyākatame taṃ, bhikkhave, bālalāpanaṃ. Ye ca diṭṭhadhammikā kāmā, ye ca samparāyikā kāmā; yā ca diṭṭhadhammikā kāmasaññā, yā ca samparāyikā kāmasaññā– ubhayametaṃ māradheyyaṃ, mārassesa visayo, mārassesa nivāpo, mārassesa gocaro. Etthete pāpakā akusalā mānasā abhijjhāpi byāpādāpi sārambhāpi saṃvattanti. Teva ariyasāvakassa idhamanusikkhato antarāyāya sambhavanti. Tatra, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ye ca diṭṭhadhammikā kāmā, ye ca samparāyikā kāmā; yā ca diṭṭhadhammikā kāmasaññā, yā ca samparāyikā kāmasaññā– ubhayametaṃ māradheyyaṃ, mārassesa visayo, mārassesa nivāpo, mārassesa gocaro. Etthete pāpakā akusalā mānasā abhijjhāpi byāpādāpi sārambhāpi saṃvattanti, teva ariyasāvakassa idhamanusikkhato antarāyāya sambhavanti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ vipulena mahaggatena cetasā vihareyyaṃ abhibhuyya lokaṃ adhiṭṭhāya manasā. Vipulena hi me mahaggatena cetasā viharato abhibhuyya lokaṃ adhiṭṭhāya manasā ye pāpakā akusalā mānasā abhijjhāpi byāpādāpi sārambhāpi te na bhavissanti. Tesaṃ pahānā aparittañca me cittaṃ bhavissati appamāṇaṃ subhāvitan’ti. Tassa evaṃpaṭipannassa tabbahulavihārino āyatane cittaṃ pasīdati. Sampasāde sati etarahi vā āneñjaṃ samāpajjati paññāya vā adhimuccati kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā. Ṭhānametaṃ vijjati yaṃ taṃsaṃvattanikaṃ viññāṇaṃ assa āneñjūpagaṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamā āneñjasappāyā paṭipadā akkhāyati”.
67. “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ye ca diṭṭhadhammikā kāmā, ye ca samparāyikā kāmā; yā ca diṭṭhadhammikā kāmasaññā yā ca samparāyikā kāmasaññā; yaṃ kiñci rūpaṃ (sabbaṃ rūpaṃ) cattāri ca mahābhūtāni, catunnañca mahābhūtānaṃ upādāyarūpan’ti. Tassa evaṃpaṭipannassa tabbahulavihārino āyatane cittaṃ pasīdati. Sampasāde sati etarahi vā āneñjaṃ samāpajjati paññāya vā adhimuccati kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā. Ṭhānametaṃ vijjati yaṃ taṃsaṃvattanikaṃ viññāṇaṃ assa āneñjūpagaṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyā āneñjasappāyā paṭipadā akkhāyati.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ye ca diṭṭhadhammikā kāmā, ye ca samparāyikā kāmā; yā ca diṭṭhadhammikā kāmasaññā, yā ca samparāyikā kāmasaññā; ye ca diṭṭhadhammikā rūpā, ye ca samparāyikā rūpā; yā ca diṭṭhadhammikā rūpasaññā, yā ca samparāyikā rūpasaññā– ubhayametaṃ aniccaṃ. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ nālaṃ abhinandituṃ, nālaṃ abhivadituṃ, nālaṃ ajjhositun’ti. Tassa evaṃpaṭipannassa tabbahulavihārino āyatane cittaṃ pasīdati. Sampasāde sati etarahi vā āneñjaṃ samāpajjati paññāya vā adhimuccati kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā. Ṭhānametaṃ vijjati yaṃ taṃsaṃvattanikaṃ viññāṇaṃ assa āneñjūpagaṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyā āneñjasappāyā paṭipadā akkhāyati.
68. “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ye ca diṭṭhadhammikā kāmā, ye ca samparāyikā kāmā; yā ca diṭṭhadhammikā kāmasaññā, yā ca samparāyikā kāmasaññā; ye ca diṭṭhadhammikā rūpā, ye ca samparāyikā rūpā; yā ca diṭṭhadhammikā rūpasaññā, yā ca samparāyikā rūpasaññā; yā ca āneñjasaññā– sabbā saññā. Yatthetā aparisesā nirujjhanti etaṃ santaṃ etaṃ paṇītaṃ– yadidaṃ ākiñcaññāyatanan’ti. Tassa evaṃpaṭipannassa tabbahulavihārino āyatane cittaṃ pasīdati. Sampasāde sati etarahi vā ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samāpajjati paññāya vā adhimuccati kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā. Ṭhānametaṃ vijjati yaṃ taṃsaṃvattanikaṃ viññāṇaṃ assa ākiñcaññāyatanūpagaṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamā ākiñcaññāyatanasappāyā paṭipadā akkhāyati.
69. “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘suññamidaṃ attena vā attaniyena vā’ti. Tassa evaṃpaṭipannassa tabbahulavihārino āyatane cittaṃ pasīdati. Sampasāde sati etarahi vā ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samāpajjati paññāya vā adhimuccati kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā. Ṭhānametaṃ vijjati yaṃ taṃsaṃvattanikaṃ viññāṇaṃ assa ākiñcaññāyatanūpagaṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyā ākiñcaññāyatanasappāyā paṭipadā akkhāyati.
70. “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘nāhaṃ kvacani kassaci kiñcanatasmiṃ, na ca mama kvacani kismiñci kiñcanaṃ natthī’ti. Tassa evaṃpaṭipannassa tabbahulavihārino āyatane cittaṃ pasīdati. Sampasāde sati etarahi vā ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samāpajjati paññāya vā adhimuccati kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā. Ṭhānametaṃ vijjati yaṃ taṃsaṃvattanikaṃ viññāṇaṃ assa ākiñcaññāyatanūpagaṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyā ākiñcaññāyatanasappāyā paṭipadā akkhāyati.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ye ca diṭṭhadhammikā kāmā, ye ca samparāyikā kāmā; yā ca diṭṭhadhammikā kāmasaññā, yā ca samparāyikā kāmasaññā; ye ca diṭṭhadhammikā rūpā, ye ca samparāyikā rūpā; yā ca diṭṭhadhammikā rūpasaññā, yā ca samparāyikā rūpasaññā yā ca āneñjasaññā, yā ca ākiñcaññāyatanasaññā– sabbā saññā. Yatthetā aparisesā nirujjhanti etaṃ santaṃ etaṃ paṇītaṃ– yadidaṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatanan’ti. Tassa evaṃpaṭipannassa tabbahulavihārino āyatane cittaṃ pasīdati. Sampasāde sati etarahi vā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samāpajjati paññāya vā adhimuccati kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā. Ṭhānametaṃ vijjati yaṃ taṃsaṃvattanikaṃ viññāṇaṃ assa nevasaññānāsaññāyatanūpagaṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, nevasaññānāsaññāyatana-sappāyā paṭipadā akkhāyatī”ti.
71. Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “idha, bhante, bhikkhu evaṃ paṭipanno hoti– ‘no cassa, no ca me siyā; na bhavissati, na me bhavissati; yadatthi yaṃ, bhūtaṃ– taṃ pajahāmī’ti. Evaṃ upekkhaṃ paṭilabhati. Parinibbāyeyya nu kho so, bhante, bhikkhu na vā parinibbāyeyyā”ti? “Apetthekacco, ānanda, bhikkhu parinibbāyeyya, apetthekacco bhikkhu na parinibbāyeyyā”ti. “Ko nu kho, bhante, hetu ko paccayo yenapetthekacco bhikkhu parinibbāyeyya, apetthekacco bhikkhu na parinibbāyeyyā”ti? “Idhānanda, bhikkhu evaṃ paṭipanno hoti– ‘no cassa, no ca me siyā; na bhavissati, na me bhavissati; yadatthi, yaṃ bhūtaṃ– taṃ pajahāmī’ti. Evaṃ upekkhaṃ paṭilabhati. So taṃ upekkhaṃ abhinandati, abhivadati, ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ upekkhaṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato tannissitaṃ hoti viññāṇaṃ tadupādānaṃ. Sa-upādāno, ānanda, bhikkhu na parinibbāyatī”ti. “Kahaṃ pana so, bhante, bhikkhu upādiyamāno upādiyatī”ti? “Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ, ānandā”ti. “Upādānaseṭṭhaṃ kira so, bhante, bhikkhu upādiyamāno upādiyatī”ti? “Upādānaseṭṭhañhi so, ānanda, bhikkhu upādiyamāno upādiyati. Upādānaseṭṭhañhetaṃ, ānanda, yadidaṃ– nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ”.
72. “Idhānanda, bhikkhu evaṃ paṭipanno hoti– ‘no cassa, no ca me siyā; na bhavissati, na me bhavissati; yadatthi, yaṃ bhūtaṃ– taṃ pajahāmī’ti. Evaṃ upekkhaṃ paṭilabhati. So taṃ upekkhaṃ nābhinandati, nābhivadati, na ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ upekkhaṃ anabhinandato anabhivadato anajjhosāya tiṭṭhato na tannissitaṃ hoti viññāṇaṃ na tadupādānaṃ. Anupādāno, ānanda, bhikkhu parinibbāyatī”ti.
73. “Acchariyaṃ, bhante, abbhutaṃ, bhante! Nissāya nissāya kira no, bhante, bhagavatā oghassa nittharaṇā akkhātā. Katamo pana, bhante, ariyo vimokkho”ti? “Idhānanda, bhikkhu ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ye ca diṭṭhadhammikā kāmā, ye ca samparāyikā kāmā; yā ca diṭṭhadhammikā kāmasaññā, yā ca samparāyikā kāmasaññā; ye ca diṭṭhadhammikā rūpā, ye ca samparāyikā rūpā; yā ca diṭṭhadhammikā rūpasaññā, yā ca samparāyikā rūpasaññā; yā ca āneñjasaññā, yā ca ākiñcaññāyatanasaññā yā ca nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasaññā– esa sakkāyo yāvatā sakkāyo. Etaṃ amataṃ yadidaṃ anupādā cittassa vimokkho. Iti, kho, ānanda, desitā mayā āneñjasappāyā paṭipadā, desitā ākiñcaññāyatanasappāyā paṭipadā, desitā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasappāyā paṭipadā, desitā nissāya nissāya oghassa nittharaṇā, desito ariyo vimokkho. Yaṃ kho, ānanda, satthārā karaṇīyaṃ sāvakānaṃ hitesinā anukampakena anukampaṃ upādāya, kataṃ vo taṃ mayā. Etāni, ānanda, rukkhamūlāni, etāni suññāgārāni. Jhāyathānanda, mā pamādattha, mā pacchā vippaṭisārino ahuvattha. Ayaṃ vo amhākaṃ anusāsanī’”ti.
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā ānando bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
Āneñjasappāyasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ chaṭṭhaṃ.