第一千零八十八章 须那却塔经

中部105经/须那却塔经(天臂品[11])

这是我亲身听闻到的,一时,世尊住在毗舍离城大林重阁讲堂。当时,有许多比丘在世尊面前宣称已证得阿罗汉果(阿罗汉解释:阿罗汉是佛教中的最高修行境界,也是四种圣者(四果)中的最后一个阶段,阿罗汉是指已经完全断除所有烦恼,达到最终解脱的修行者。"阿罗汉"可译为"应供"、"无学"或"杀贼",意味着值得供养、不再需要学习、已杀死内心的烦恼;应供解释:断尽一切烦恼,智德圆满,应受人天供养、尊敬者;正等正觉解释:觉即知也。觉知遍于一切,是遍也。觉知契于理,是正也。谓遍正觉知一切法也。又诸佛之觉知平等,故曰等,离邪妄故曰等。明行足解释:明者,无上正等正觉也,行足者,脚足之义,指戒定慧言。佛依戒定慧之脚足而得无上正等正觉,故名明行足。善逝解释:又作善去、善解、善说无患、好说、好去。意即进入种种甚深三摩提与无量妙智慧中。世间解解释:即佛能了知众生、非众生二种世间之一切,既了知世间之因、世间之灭,亦了知出世间之道。无上士解释:又作无上、无上丈夫。如来之智德,于人中最胜,无有过之者,故称无上士。调御丈夫解释:可化导一切丈夫之调御师。佛以大慈、大悲、大智故,有时软美语,有时苦切语,有时杂语,以此调御令不失道。天人师解释:又作天人教师。谓佛陀为诸天与人类之教师,示导一切应作不应作、是善是不善,若能依教而行,不舍道法,能得解脱烦恼之报,故称天人师。又以佛陀度天、人者众,度余道者寡,故称为天人师。佛解释:即觉者,觉者解释:又作觉、知者。即已舍去迷妄分别,自彻真源,开显真理,具有大慈悲、大智慧、自觉、觉他、觉行圆满之圣者。世尊解释:为世间所尊重者之意,亦指世界中之最尊者),说:"我们了知:生已尽,梵行已立(梵行解释:清净的修行,一般指修行八正道),所作已办,不受后有。"


离车族的须那却塔听说:"许多比丘在世尊面前宣称已证得阿罗汉果,说:'我们了知:生已尽,梵行已立,所作已办,不受后有。'"


于是,须那却塔来到世尊处。到了之后,向世尊礼拜,然后坐在一旁。坐下后,须那却塔对世尊说:"尊者,我听说许多比丘在世尊面前宣称已证得阿罗汉果,说:'我们了知:生已尽,梵行已立,所作已办,不受后有。'尊者,那些在世尊面前宣称已证得阿罗汉果的比丘,是否真的如实宣称,还是有些比丘因增上慢而如此宣称(增上慢解释:即对于教理或修行境地尚未有所得、有所悟,却起高傲自大之心。如经论中常举示的未得谓得、未获谓获、未触谓触、未证谓证等,均属修行人生起增上慢之例)?"


"须那却塔,那些在我面前宣称已证得阿罗汉果的比丘中,有些是如实宣称的,有些则是因增上慢而如此宣称的。关于这一点,须那却塔,如实宣称的比丘,他们确实如此;而那些因增上慢而宣称的比丘,如来会这样想:'我要为他们说法。'须那却塔,如来这样想:'我要为他们说法'时,有些愚人会事先准备问题,然后来问如来。在这种情况下,须那却塔,即使如来原本想:'我要为他们说法',也会改变主意。"


"世尊,现在正是时候,善逝,现在正是时候,请世尊说法。听了世尊的教导,比丘们会牢记在心(世尊解释:为世间所尊重者之意,亦指世界中之最尊者;善逝解释:又作善去、善解、善说无患、好说、好去。意即进入种种甚深三摩提与无量妙智慧中)。"


"那么,须那却塔,你要仔细听,好好思考,我会说。"


"是的,尊者。"须那却塔回答道。世尊于是说:


"须那却塔,有这五种欲望对象。哪五种?能被眼识知的色(色解释:物质事物,物质身体),令人喜爱、可意、悦意、可爱、与欲望相应、能引起贪欲;能被耳识知的声...能被鼻识知的香...能被舌识知的味...能被身识知的触,令人喜爱、可意、悦意、可爱、与欲望相应、能引起贪欲。须那却塔,这就是五种欲望对象。


"须那却塔,有可能某个人专注于世俗欲乐。须那却塔,对于专注世俗欲乐的人来说,与之相应的话题会引起他的兴趣,他会思考和推敲这些话题,他会亲近这样的人,并从中获得快乐;但是当讨论不动摇(指禅定)的话题时,他不会倾听,不会注意,不会专心,也不会亲近这样的人,不会从中获得快乐。


就像一个人已经离开自己的村庄或城镇很久,他看到另一个刚离开那个村庄或城镇不久的人。他会问那人关于那个村庄或城镇的安全、繁荣和健康状况,那人会告诉他这些情况。须那却塔,你认为那个人会不会专心听,仔细注意,全神贯注,亲近那个人,并从中获得快乐?"


"会的,尊者。"


"同样地,须那却塔,有可能某个人专注于世俗欲乐。对于专注世俗欲乐的人来说,与之相应的话题会引起他的兴趣,他会思考和推敲这些话题,他会亲近这样的人,并从中获得快乐;但是当讨论不动摇的话题时,他不会倾听,不会注意,不会专心,也不会亲近这样的人,不会从中获得快乐。应当了解:'这个人已经摆脱了不动摇的束缚,是专注于世俗欲乐的人。'"


"须那却塔,有可能某个人专注于不动摇(指禅定)。须那却塔,对于专注不动摇的人来说,与之相应的话题会引起他的兴趣,他会思考和推敲这些话题,他会亲近这样的人,并从中获得快乐;但是当讨论世俗欲乐的话题时,他不会倾听,不会注意,不会专心,也不会亲近这样的人,不会从中获得快乐。


就像一片已经从树枝上脱落的枯叶不可能重新变绿;同样地,须那却塔,对于专注不动摇的人来说,束缚他于世俗欲乐的束缚已经脱落。应当了解:'这个人已经摆脱了世俗欲乐的束缚,是专注于不动摇的人。'"


"须那却塔,有可能某个人专注于无所有处(无所有处解释,见第一百五十五章)。须那却塔,对于专注无所有处的人来说,与之相应的话题会引起他的兴趣,他会思考和推敲这些话题,他会亲近这样的人,并从中获得快乐;但是当讨论不动摇的话题时,他不会倾听,不会注意,不会专心,也不会亲近这样的人,不会从中获得快乐。


就像一块被劈成两半的大石头不可能重新接合;同样地,须那却塔,对于专注无所有处的人来说,束缚他于不动摇的束缚已经破碎。应当了解:'这个人已经摆脱了不动摇的束缚,是专注于无所有处的人。'"


"须那却塔,有可能某个人专注于非想非非想处(非想非非想处解释,见第一百五十五章)。须那却塔,对于专注非想非非想处的人来说,与之相应的话题会引起他的兴趣,他会思考和推敲这些话题,他会亲近这样的人,并从中获得快乐;但是当讨论无所有处的话题时,他不会倾听,不会注意,不会专心,也不会亲近这样的人,不会从中获得快乐。


须那却塔,就像一个人吃了美味的食物后会把它吐出来。你认为,须那却塔,那个人还会想再吃那种食物吗?"


"不会的,尊者。"


"为什么?"


"尊者,因为那食物被认为是令人厌恶的。"


"同样地,须那却塔,对于专注非想非非想处的人来说,束缚他于无所有处的束缚已经被吐出。应当了解:'这个人已经摆脱了无所有处的束缚,是专注于非想非非想处的人。'"


"须那却塔,有可能某个人正确地专注于涅槃。须那却塔,对于正确地专注涅槃的人来说,与之相应的话题会引起他的兴趣,他会思考和推敲这些话题,他会亲近这样的人,并从中获得快乐;但是当讨论非想非非想处的话题时,他不会倾听,不会注意,不会专心,也不会亲近这样的人,不会从中获得快乐。


就像一棵被砍断了树冠的棕榈树不可能再生长;同样地,须那却塔,对于正确地专注涅槃的人来说,束缚他于非想非非想处的束缚已经被连根砍断,像棕榈树桩一样不可能再生长。应当了解:'这个人已经摆脱了非想非非想处的束缚,是正确地专注于涅槃的人。'"


"须那却塔,有可能某个比丘会这样想:'沙门说渴爱是箭(沙门解释:出家修行的人,不论是什么宗教的出家修行人都称为沙门),无明是毒,被欲望、贪爱和嗔恨所伤害(无明解释:因无知而沉迷于贪爱贪欲的黑暗之中,无法自拔;嗔恨解释:愤怒怨恨)。我已经去除了渴爱之箭,清除了无明之毒,我正确地专注于涅槃。'他可能会这样自负,但事实并非如此。他可能会追求那些对正确专注涅槃的人来说是不适当的事物:他可能会追求不适当的视觉对象,追求不适当的声音,追求不适当的气味,追求不适当的味道,追求不适当的触觉,追求不适当的心理对象。当他追求这些不适当的事物时,贪欲会侵蚀他的心。被贪欲侵蚀的心会导致死亡或接近死亡的痛苦。


"须那却塔,就像一个人被涂有剧毒的箭射中。他的朋友和同伴、亲戚和亲属会找来一位医生来治疗他。医生会用手术刀切开伤口,用探针寻找箭头,拔出箭头,去除毒素,但仍留下一些残余。知道还有残余毒素,医生会说:'喂,朋友,箭已经拔出来了,毒素已经去除,但还有一些残余。你不会有生命危险。要吃适当的食物,不要吃不适当的食物,否则伤口会化脓。要定期清洗伤口,定期涂抹药膏,不要让脓血覆盖伤口。不要在风中或烈日下活动,不要让尘土和污垢进入伤口。朋友,要好好照顾伤口,促进愈合。'


"那个人可能会想:'箭已经拔出来了,毒素已经去除,没有残余了。我不会有生命危险。'于是他吃不适当的食物,伤口化脓;他不定期清洗伤口,不定期涂抹药膏,让脓血覆盖伤口;他在风中和烈日下活动,让尘土和污垢进入伤口;他不照顾伤口,不促进愈合。由于这些不当行为,加上残余的毒素,伤口会恶化。伤口恶化后,他可能会死亡或遭受接近死亡的痛苦。


"同样地,须那却塔,有可能某个比丘会这样想:'沙门说渴爱是箭,无明是毒,被欲望、贪爱和嗔恨所伤害。我已经去除了渴爱之箭,清除了无明之毒,我正确地专注于涅槃。'他可能会这样自负,但事实并非如此。他可能会追求那些对正确专注涅槃的人来说是不适当的事物:他可能会追求不适当的视觉对象,追求不适当的声音,追求不适当的气味,追求不适当的味道,追求不适当的触觉,追求不适当的心理对象。当他追求这些不适当的事物时,贪欲会侵蚀他的心。被贪欲侵蚀的心会导致死亡或接近死亡的痛苦。须那却塔,在圣者的戒律中,放弃修行回到低级生活被称为死亡;犯下某种污染的过错被称为接近死亡的痛苦。


"须那却塔,有可能某个比丘会正确地这样想:'沙门说渴爱是箭,无明是毒,被欲望、贪爱和嗔恨所伤害。我已经去除了渴爱之箭,清除了无明之毒,我正确地专注于涅槃。'作为一个真正正确专注于涅槃的人,他不会追求那些对正确专注涅槃的人来说是不适当的事物:他不会追求不适当的视觉对象,不会追求不适当的声音,不会追求不适当的气味,不会追求不适当的味道,不会追求不适当的触觉,不会追求不适当的心理对象。因为他不追求这些不适当的事物,贪欲不会侵蚀他的心。因为他的心没有被贪欲侵蚀,他既不会遭遇死亡,也不会遭受接近死亡的痛苦。


"须那却塔,就像一个人被涂有剧毒的箭射中。他的朋友和同伴、亲戚和亲属会找来一位医生来治疗他。医生会用手术刀切开伤口,用探针寻找箭头,拔出箭头,完全去除毒素,不留下任何残余。知道毒素已完全去除,医生会说:'喂,朋友,箭已经拔出来了,毒素已经完全去除,没有任何残余。你不会有生命危险。要吃适当的食物,不要吃不适当的食物,否则伤口会化脓。要定期清洗伤口,定期涂抹药膏,不要让脓血覆盖伤口。不要在风中或烈日下活动,不要让尘土和污垢进入伤口。朋友,要好好照顾伤口,促进愈合,那个人会想:'箭已经拔出来了,毒素已经完全去除,没有任何残余。我不会有生命危险。'于是他只吃适当的食物,伤口不会化脓;他定期清洗伤口,定期涂抹药膏,不让脓血覆盖伤口;他不在风中和烈日下活动,不让尘土和污垢进入伤口;他好好照顾伤口,促进愈合。由于这些适当的行为,加上毒素已完全去除,伤口会愈合。伤口愈合后长出新皮,他既不会死亡,也不会遭受接近死亡的痛苦。


"同样地,须那却塔,有可能某个比丘会正确地这样想:'沙门说渴爱是箭,无明是毒,被欲望、贪爱和嗔恨所伤害。我已经去除了渴爱之箭,清除了无明之毒,我正确地专注于涅槃。'作为一个真正正确专注于涅槃的人,他不会追求那些对正确专注涅槃的人来说是不适当的事物:他不会追求不适当的视觉对象,不会追求不适当的声音,不会追求不适当的气味,不会追求不适当的味道,不会追求不适当的触觉,不会追求不适当的心理对象。因为他不追求这些不适当的事物,贪欲不会侵蚀他的心。因为他的心没有被贪欲侵蚀,他既不会遭遇死亡,也不会遭受接近死亡的痛苦。


"须那却塔,我用这个比喻来说明意思。这里的含义是:伤口是指六内处(眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意)的代称;毒素是指无明的代称;箭是指渴爱的代称;探针是指念的代称;手术刀是指圣智慧的代称;医生是指如来、阿罗汉、正等正觉者的代称(如来解释:为佛十号之一。即佛之尊称。盖梵语可分解为如去、如来二种,若作前者解,为乘真如之道,而往于佛果涅槃之义,故称为如去;若作后者解,则为由真理而来,如实而来,而成正觉之义,故称如来。佛陀即乘真理而来,由真如而现身,故尊称佛陀为如来。智知诸法如,从如中来,故名如来。也可以用因缘角度来解释,因缘聚合而来称为如来,因缘消散则去称为如去;阿罗汉解释:阿罗汉是佛教中的最高修行境界,也是四种圣者(四果)中的最后一个阶段,阿罗汉是指已经完全断除所有烦恼,达到最终解脱的修行者。"阿罗汉"可译为"应供"、"无学"或"杀贼",意味着值得供养、不再需要学习、已杀死内心的烦恼;正等正觉解释:觉即知也。觉知遍于一切,是遍也。觉知契于理,是正也。谓遍正觉知一切法也。又诸佛之觉知平等,故曰等,离邪妄故曰等)。


"须那却塔,那个在六触处保持克制(六触处解释:即是六内处,六内处者:云何为六?答:一、眼内处。二、耳内处。三、鼻内处。四、舌内处。五、身内处。六、意内处。云何眼内处?答:若眼、于色,或已见,或今见,或当见;或彼同分;是名眼内处。耳鼻舌身意内处,随所应,当广说;六外处解释:处为生长之义;可长养心、心所。为心、心所之所缘者有六,即色处、声处、香处、味处、触处、法处,称为六外处),了知'执著是苦的根源',无执著、在执著的灭尽中解脱的比丘,他不可能再将身心投入到执著中 - 这是不可能的。就像一个装满有毒饮料的杯子,虽然颜色美丽、气味芬芳、味道可口,但里面混有毒药。如果有一个想活命、不想死、喜欢快乐、厌恶痛苦的人来了。须那却塔,你认为那个人会喝那杯饮料吗,如果他知道'我喝了这个会死或遭受接近死亡的痛苦'?"


"不会的,尊者。"


"同样地,须那却塔,那个在六触处保持克制,了知'执著是苦的根源',无执著、在执著的灭尽中解脱的比丘,他不可能再将身心投入到执著中 - 这是不可能的。就像有一条极其危险的毒蛇。如果有一个想活命、不想死、喜欢快乐、厌恶痛苦的人来了。须那却塔,你认为那个人会把手或拇指伸给那条极其危险的毒蛇吗,如果他知道'被它咬了我会死或遭受接近死亡的痛苦'?"


"不会的,尊者。"


"同样地,须那却塔,那个在六触处保持克制,了知'执著是苦的根源',无执著、在执著的灭尽中解脱的比丘,他不可能再将身心投入到执著中 - 这是不可能的。"


这就是世尊所说。须那却塔听了世尊的话,感到高兴,欢喜地接受了教导。


第五篇 须那却塔经 完


巴利语原版经文


MN.105/(5) Sunakkhattasuttaṃ

   55. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulehi bhikkhūhi bhagavato santike aññā byākatā hoti– “‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāmā”ti. Assosi kho sunakkhatto licchaviputto– “sambahulehi kira bhikkhūhi bhagavato santike aññā byākatā hoti– ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāmā”ti. Atha kho sunakkhatto licchaviputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho sunakkhatto licchaviputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante– ‘sambahulehi kira bhikkhūhi bhagavato santike aññā byākatā– khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāmā”ti. “Ye te, bhante, bhikkhū bhagavato santike aññaṃ byākaṃsu– ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāmā”ti, kacci te, bhante, bhikkhū sammadeva aññaṃ byākaṃsu udāhu santetthekacce bhikkhū adhimānena aññaṃ byākaṃsūti?

   56. “Ye te, sunakkhatta, bhikkhū mama santike aññaṃ byākaṃsu– ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāmā”ti “Santetthekacce bhikkhū sammadeva aññaṃ byākaṃsu, santi panidhekacce bhikkhū adhimānenapi aññaṃ byākaṃsu. Tatra, sunakkhatta, ye te bhikkhū sammadeva aññaṃ byākaṃsu tesaṃ taṃ tatheva hoti; ye pana te bhikkhū adhimānena aññaṃ byākaṃsu tatra, sunakkhatta, tathāgatassa evaṃ hoti– ‘dhammaṃ nesaṃ desessan’ti. Evañcettha, sunakkhatta, tathāgatassa hoti– ‘dhammaṃ nesaṃ desessan’ti. Atha ca panidhekacce moghapurisā pañhaṃ abhisaṅkharitvā abhisaṅkharitvā tathāgataṃ upasaṅkamitvā pucchanti. Tatra, sunakkhatta, yampi tathāgatassa evaṃ hoti– ‘dhammaṃ nesaṃ desessan’ti tassapi hoti aññathattan”ti. “Etassa bhagavā kālo, etassa sugata kālo, yaṃ bhagavā dhammaṃ deseyya. Bhagavato sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī”ti. “Tena hi, sunakkhatta suṇāhi, sādhukaṃ manasi karohi bhāsissāmī”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho sunakkhatto licchaviputto bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca–

   57. “Pañca kho ime, sunakkhatta, kāmaguṇā. Katame pañca? Cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā, sotaviññeyyā saddā …pe… ghānaviññeyyā gandhā… jivhāviññeyyā rasā… kāyaviññeyyā phoṭṭhabbā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā– ime kho, sunakkhatta, pañca kāmaguṇā.

   58. “Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, sunakkhatta, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco purisapuggalo lokāmisādhimutto assa. Lokāmisādhimuttassa kho, sunakkhatta, purisapuggalassa tappatirūpī ceva kathā saṇṭhāti, tadanudhammañca anuvitakketi, anuvicāreti, tañca purisaṃ bhajati, tena ca vittiṃ āpajjati; āneñjapaṭisaṃyuttāya ca pana kathāya kacchamānāya na sussūsati, na sotaṃ odahati, na aññā cittaṃ upaṭṭhāpeti, na ca taṃ purisaṃ bhajati, na ca tena vittiṃ āpajjati. Seyyathāpi, sunakkhatta, puriso sakamhā gāmā vā nigamā vā ciravippavuttho assa. So aññataraṃ purisaṃ passeyya tamhā gāmā vā nigamā vā acirapakkantaṃ. So taṃ purisaṃ tassa gāmassa vā nigamassa vā khematañca subhikkhatañca appābādhatañca puccheyya; tassa so puriso tassa gāmassa vā nigamassa vā khematañca subhikkhatañca appābādhatañca saṃseyya. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, sunakkhatta, api nu so puriso tassa purisassa sussūseyya, sotaṃ odaheyya, aññā cittaṃ upaṭṭhāpeyya, tañca purisaṃ bhajeyya, tena ca vittiṃ āpajjeyyā”ti? “Evaṃ, bhante”. “Evameva kho, sunakkhatta, ṭhānametaṃ vijjati yaṃ idhekacco purisapuggalo lokāmisādhimutto assa. Lokāmisādhimuttassa kho, sunakkhatta, purisapuggalassa tappatirūpī ceva kathā saṇṭhāti, tadanudhammañca anuvitakketi, anuvicāreti, tañca purisaṃ bhajati, tena ca vittiṃ āpajjati; āneñjapaṭisaṃyuttāya ca pana kathāya kacchamānāya na sussūsati, na sotaṃ odahati, na aññā cittaṃ upaṭṭhāpeti, na ca taṃ purisaṃ bhajati, na ca tena vittiṃ āpajjati. So evamassa veditabbo– ‘āneñjasaṃyojanena hi kho visaṃyutto lokāmisādhimutto purisapuggalo’”ti.

   59. “Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, sunakkhatta, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco purisapuggalo āneñjādhimutto assa. Āneñjādhimuttassa kho, sunakkhatta, purisapuggalassa tappatirūpī ceva kathā saṇṭhāti, tadanudhammañca anuvitakketi, anuvicāreti, tañca purisaṃ bhajati, tena ca vittiṃ āpajjati; lokāmisapaṭisaṃyuttāya ca pana kathāya kacchamānāya na sussūsati, na sotaṃ odahati, na aññā cittaṃ upaṭṭhāpeti, na ca taṃ purisaṃ bhajati, na ca tena vittiṃ āpajjati. Seyyathāpi, sunakkhatta, paṇḍupalāso bandhanā pavutto abhabbo haritattāya; evameva kho, sunakkhatta, āneñjādhimuttassa purisapuggalassa ye lokāmisasaṃyojane se pavutte. So evamassa veditabbo– ‘lokāmisasaṃyojanena hi kho visaṃyutto āneñjādhimutto purisapuggalo’”ti.

   60. “Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, sunakkhatta, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco purisapuggalo ākiñcaññāyatanādhimutto assa. Ākiñcaññāyatanādhimuttassa kho, sunakkhatta, purisapuggalassa tappatirūpī ceva kathā saṇṭhāti, tadanudhammañca anuvitakketi, anuvicāreti, tañca purisaṃ bhajati, tena ca vittiṃ āpajjati āneñjapaṭisaṃyuttāya ca pana kathāya kacchamānāya na sussūsati, na sotaṃ odahati, na aññā cittaṃ upaṭṭhāpeti na ca taṃ purisaṃ bhajati, na ca tena vittiṃ āpajjati. Seyyathāpi, sunakkhatta, puthusilā dvedhābhinnā appaṭisandhikā hoti; evameva kho, sunakkhatta, ākiñcaññāyatanādhimuttassa purisapuggalassa ye āneñjasaṃyojane se bhinne. So evamassa veditabbo– ‘āneñjasaṃyojanena hi kho visaṃyutto ākiñcaññāyatanādhimutto purisapuggalo’”ti.

   61. “Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, sunakkhatta, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco purisapuggalo nevasaññānāsaññāyatanādhimutto assa. Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanādhimuttassa kho, sunakkhatta, purisapuggalassa tappatirūpī ceva kathā saṇṭhāti, tadanudhammañca anuvitakketi, anuvicāreti, tañca purisaṃ bhajati, tena ca vittiṃ āpajjati; ākiñcaññāyatanapaṭisaṃyuttāya ca pana kathāya kacchamānāya na sussūsati, na sotaṃ odahati, na aññā cittaṃ upaṭṭhāpeti, na ca taṃ purisaṃ bhajati, na ca tena vittiṃ āpajjati. Seyyathāpi, sunakkhatta, puriso manuññabhojanaṃ bhuttāvī chaḍḍeyya. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, sunakkhatta, api nu tassa purisassa tasmiṃ bhatte puna bhottukamyatā assā”ti? “No hetaṃ, bhante”. “Taṃ kissa hetu”? “Aduñhi, bhante, bhattaṃ paṭikūla-sammatan”ti. “Evameva kho, sunakkhatta, nevasaññānāsaññāyatanādhimuttassa purisapuggalassa ye ākiñcaññāyatanasaṃyojane se vante. So evamassa veditabbo– ‘ākiñcaññāyatanasaṃyojanena hi kho visaṃyutto nevasaññānāsaññāyatanādhimutto purisapuggalo’ti.

   62. “Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, sunakkhatta, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco purisapuggalo sammā nibbānādhimutto assa. Sammā nibbānādhimuttassa kho, sunakkhatta, purisapuggalassa tappatirūpī ceva kathā saṇṭhāti, tadanudhammañca anuvitakketi, anuvicāreti, tañca purisaṃ bhajati, tena ca vittiṃ āpajjati; nevasaññānā-saññāyatanapaṭisaṃyuttāya ca pana kathāya kacchamānāya na sussūsati, na sotaṃ odahati, na aññā cittaṃ upaṭṭhāpeti, na ca taṃ purisaṃ bhajati, na ca tena vittiṃ āpajjati. Seyyathāpi, sunakkhatta, tālo matthakacchinno abhabbo puna viruḷhiyā; evameva kho, sunakkhatta, sammā nibbānādhimuttassa purisapuggalassa ye nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasaṃyojane se ucchinnamūle tālāvatthukate anabhāvaṃkate āyatiṃ anuppādadhamme. So evamassa veditabbo– ‘nevasaññānāsaññāyatana-saṃyojanena hi kho visaṃyutto sammā nibbānādhimutto purisapuggalo’”ti.

   63. “Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, sunakkhatta, vijjati yaṃ idhekaccassa bhikkhuno evamassa– ‘taṇhā kho sallaṃ samaṇena vuttaṃ, avijjāvisadoso, chandarāgabyāpādena ruppati. Taṃ me taṇhāsallaṃ pahīnaṃ, apanīto avijjāvisadoso, sammā nibbānādhimuttohamasmī’ti. Evaṃmāni assa atathaṃ samānaṃ. So yāni sammā nibbānādhimuttassa asappāyāni tāni anuyuñjeyya; asappāyaṃ cakkhunā rūpadassanaṃ anuyuñjeyya, asappāyaṃ sotena saddaṃ anuyuñjeyya, asappāyaṃ ghānena gandhaṃ anuyuñjeyya, asappāyaṃ jivhāya rasaṃ anuyuñjeyya, asappāyaṃ kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ anuyuñjeyya asappāyaṃ manasā dhammaṃ anuyuñjeyya. Tassa asappāyaṃ cakkhunā rūpadassanaṃ anuyuttassa, asappāyaṃ sotena saddaṃ anuyuttassa, asappāyaṃ ghānena gandhaṃ anuyuttassa, asappāyaṃ jivhāya rasaṃ anuyuttassa, asappāyaṃ kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ anuyuttassa, asappāyaṃ manasā dhammaṃ anuyuttassa rāgo cittaṃ anuddhaṃseyya. So rāgānuddhaṃsitena cittena maraṇaṃ vā nigaccheyya maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhaṃ.

   “Seyyathāpi, sunakkhatta, puriso sallena viddho assa savisena gāḷhūpalepanena. Tassa mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā bhisakkaṃ sallakattaṃ upaṭṭhāpeyyuṃ. Tassa so bhisakko sallakatto satthena vaṇamukhaṃ parikanteyya. Satthena vaṇamukhaṃ parikantitvā esaniyā sallaṃ eseyya. Esaniyā sallaṃ esitvā sallaṃ abbuheyya, apaneyya visadosaṃ sa-upādisesaṃ. Sa-upādisesoti jānamāno so evaṃ vadeyya– ‘ambho purisa, ubbhataṃ kho te sallaṃ, apanīto visadoso sa-upādiseso. Analañca te antarāyāya. Sappāyāni ceva bhojanāni bhuñjeyyāsi, mā te asappāyāni bhojanāni bhuñjato vaṇo assāvī assa. Kālena kālañca vaṇaṃ dhoveyyāsi, kālena kālaṃ vaṇamukhaṃ ālimpeyyāsi, mā te na kālena kālaṃ vaṇaṃ dhovato na kālena kālaṃ vaṇamukhaṃ ālimpato pubbalohitaṃ vaṇamukhaṃ pariyonandhi. Mā ca vātātape cārittaṃ anuyuñji, mā te vātātape cārittaṃ anuyuttassa rajosūkaṃ vaṇamukhaṃ anuddhaṃsesi. Vaṇānurakkhī ca, ambho purisa, vihareyyāsi vaṇasāropī’ti. Tassa evamassa– ‘ubbhataṃ kho me sallaṃ, apanīto visadoso anupādiseso. Analañca me antarāyāyā’ti. So asappāyāni ceva bhojanāni bhuñjeyya. Tassa asappāyāni bhojanāni bhuñjato vaṇo assāvī assa. Na ca kālena kālaṃ vaṇaṃ dhoveyya, na ca kālena kālaṃ vaṇamukhaṃ ālimpeyya. Tassa na kālena kālaṃ vaṇaṃ dhovato, na kālena kālaṃ vaṇamukhaṃ ālimpato pubbalohitaṃ vaṇamukhaṃ pariyonandheyya. Vātātape ca cārittaṃ anuyuñjeyya. Tassa vātātape cārittaṃ anuyuttassa rajosūkaṃ vaṇamukhaṃ anuddhaṃseyya. Na ca vaṇānurakkhī vihareyya na vaṇasāropī. Tassa imissā ca asappāyakiriyāya, asuci visadoso apanīto sa-upādiseso tadubhayena vaṇo puthuttaṃ gaccheyya. So puthuttaṃ gatena vaṇena maraṇaṃ vā nigaccheyya maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhaṃ.

   “Evameva kho, sunakkhatta, ṭhānametaṃ vijjati yaṃ idhekaccassa bhikkhuno evamassa– ‘taṇhā kho sallaṃ samaṇena vuttaṃ, avijjāvisadoso chandarāgabyāpādena ruppati. Taṃ me taṇhāsallaṃ pahīnaṃ, apanīto avijjāvisadoso, sammā nibbānādhimuttohamasmī’ti. Evaṃmāni assa atathaṃ samānaṃ. So yāni sammā nibbānādhimuttassa asappāyāni tāni anuyuñjeyya, asappāyaṃ cakkhunā rūpadassanaṃ anuyuñjeyya, asappāyaṃ sotena saddaṃ anuyuñjeyya, asappāyaṃ ghānena gandhaṃ anuyuñjeyya, asappāyaṃ jivhāya rasaṃ anuyuñjeyya, asappāyaṃ kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ anuyuñjeyya, asappāyaṃ manasā dhammaṃ anuyuñjeyya. Tassa asappāyaṃ cakkhunā rūpadassanaṃ anuyuttassa, asappāyaṃ sotena saddaṃ anuyuttassa, asappāyaṃ ghānena gandhaṃ anuyuttassa, asappāyaṃ jivhāya rasaṃ anuyuttassa, asappāyaṃ kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ anuyuttassa, asappāyaṃ manasā dhammaṃ anuyuttassa rāgo cittaṃ anuddhaṃseyya. So rāgānuddhaṃsitena cittena maraṇaṃ vā nigaccheyya maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhaṃ. Maraṇañhetaṃ, sunakkhatta, ariyassa vinaye yo sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati; maraṇamattañhetaṃ, sunakkhatta, dukkhaṃ yaṃ aññataraṃ saṃkiliṭṭhaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati.

   64. “Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, sunakkhatta, vijjati yaṃ idhekaccassa bhikkhuno evamassa– ‘taṇhā kho sallaṃ samaṇena vuttaṃ, avijjāvisadoso chandarāgabyāpādena ruppati. Taṃ me taṇhāsallaṃ pahīnaṃ, apanīto avijjāvisadoso, sammā nibbānādhimuttohamasmī’ti. Sammā nibbānādhimuttasseva sato so yāni sammā nibbānādhimuttassa asappāyāni tāni nānuyuñjeyya, asappāyaṃ cakkhunā rūpadassanaṃ nānuyuñjeyya, asappāyaṃ sotena saddaṃ nānuyuñjeyya, asappāyaṃ ghānena gandhaṃ nānuyuñjeyya, asappāyaṃ jivhāya rasaṃ nānuyuñjeyya, asappāyaṃ kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ nānuyuñjeyya, asappāyaṃ manasā dhammaṃ nānuyuñjeyya. Tassa asappāyaṃ cakkhunā rūpadassanaṃ nānuyuttassa, asappāyaṃ sotena saddaṃ nānuyuttassa, asappāyaṃ ghānena gandhaṃ nānuyuttassa, asappāyaṃ jivhāya rasaṃ nānuyuttassa, asappāyaṃ kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ nānuyuttassa, asappāyaṃ manasā dhammaṃ nānuyuttassa rāgo cittaṃ nānuddhaṃseyya. So na rāgānuddhaṃsitena cittena neva maraṇaṃ vā nigaccheyya na maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhaṃ.

   “Seyyathāpi, sunakkhatta, puriso sallena viddho assa savisena gāḷhūpalepanena. Tassa mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā bhisakkaṃ sallakattaṃ upaṭṭhāpeyyuṃ. Tassa so bhisakko sallakatto satthena vaṇamukhaṃ parikanteyya. Satthena vaṇamukhaṃ parikantitvā esaniyā sallaṃ eseyya. Esaniyā sallaṃ esitvā sallaṃ abbuheyya, apaneyya visadosaṃ anupādisesaṃ. Anupādisesoti jānamāno so evaṃ vadeyya– ‘ambho purisa, ubbhataṃ kho te sallaṃ, apanīto visadoso anupādiseso. Analañca te antarāyāya. Sappāyāni ceva bhojanāni bhuñjeyyāsi, mā te asappāyāni bhojanāni bhuñjato vaṇo assāvī assa. Kālena kālañca vaṇaṃ dhoveyyāsi, kālena kālaṃ vaṇamukhaṃ ālimpeyyāsi. Mā te na kālena kālaṃ vaṇaṃ dhovato na kālena kālaṃ vaṇamukhaṃ ālimpato pubbalohitaṃ vaṇamukhaṃ pariyonandhi. Mā ca vātātape cārittaṃ anuyuñji, mā te vātātape cārittaṃ anuyuttassa rajosūkaṃ vaṇamukhaṃ anuddhaṃsesi Vaṇānurakkhī ca, ambho purisa, vihareyyāsi vaṇasāropī’ti. Tassa evamassa– ‘ubbhataṃ kho me sallaṃ, apanīto visadoso anupādiseso. Analañca me antarāyāyā’ti. So sappāyāni ceva bhojanāni bhuñjeyya. Tassa sappāyāni bhojanāni bhuñjato vaṇo na assāvī assa. Kālena kālañca vaṇaṃ dhoveyya, kālena kālaṃ vaṇamukhaṃ ālimpeyya. Tassa kālena kālaṃ vaṇaṃ dhovato kālena kālaṃ vaṇamukhaṃ ālimpato na pubbalohitaṃ vaṇamukhaṃ pariyonandheyya. Na ca vātātape cārittaṃ anuyuñjeyya. Tassa vātātape cārittaṃ ananuyuttassa rajosūkaṃ vaṇamukhaṃ nānuddhaṃseyya. Vaṇānurakkhī ca vihareyya vaṇasāropī. Tassa imissā ca sappāyakiriyāya asu ca visadoso apanīto anupādiseso tadubhayena vaṇo viruheyya. So ruḷhena vaṇena sañchavinā neva maraṇaṃ vā nigaccheyya na maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhaṃ.

   “Evameva kho, sunakkhatta, ṭhānametaṃ vijjati yaṃ idhekaccassa bhikkhuno evamassa– ‘taṇhā kho sallaṃ samaṇena vuttaṃ, avijjāvisadoso chandarāgabyāpādena ruppati. Taṃ me taṇhāsallaṃ pahīnaṃ, apanīto avijjāvisadoso, sammā nibbānādhimuttohamasmī’ti. Sammā nibbānādhimuttasseva sato so yāni sammā nibbānādhimuttassa asappāyāni tāni nānuyuñjeyya, asappāyaṃ cakkhunā rūpadassanaṃ nānuyuñjeyya, asappāyaṃ sotena saddaṃ nānuyuñjeyya, asappāyaṃ ghānena gandhaṃ nānuyuñjeyya, asappāyaṃ jivhāya rasaṃ nānuyuñjeyya, asappāyaṃ kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ nānuyuñjeyya, asappāyaṃ manasā dhammaṃ nānuyuñjeyya. Tassa asappāyaṃ cakkhunā rūpadassanaṃ nānuyuttassa, asappāyaṃ sotena saddaṃ nānuyuttassa, asappāyaṃ ghānena gandhaṃ nānuyuttassa, asappāyaṃ jivhāya rasaṃ nānuyuttassa, asappāyaṃ kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ nānuyuttassa, asappāyaṃ manasā dhammaṃ nānuyuttassa, rāgo cittaṃ nānuddhaṃseyya. So na rāgānuddhaṃsitena cittena neva maraṇaṃ vā nigaccheyya na maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhaṃ.

   65. “Upamā kho me ayaṃ, sunakkhatta, katā atthassa viññāpanāya. Ayaṃyevettha attho– vaṇoti kho, sunakkhatta, channetaṃ ajjhattikānaṃ āyatanānaṃ adhivacanaṃ; visadosoti kho, sunakkhatta, avijjāyetaṃ adhivacanaṃ; sallanti kho, sunakkhatta, taṇhāyetaṃ adhivacanaṃ; esanīti kho, sunakkhatta, satiyāyetaṃ adhivacanaṃ; satthanti kho, sunakkhatta, ariyāyetaṃ paññāya adhivacanaṃ; bhisakko sallakattoti kho, sunakkhatta, tathāgatassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassa.

   “So vata, sunakkhatta, bhikkhu chasu phassāyatanesu saṃvutakārī ‘upadhi dukkhassa mūlan’ti– iti viditvā nirupadhi upadhisaṅkhaye vimutto upadhismiṃ vā kāyaṃ upasaṃharissati cittaṃ vā uppādessatīti– netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Seyyathāpi, sunakkhatta, āpānīyakaṃso vaṇṇasampanno gandhasampanno rasasampanno; so ca kho visena saṃsaṭṭho. Atha puriso āgaccheyya jīvitukāmo amaritukāmo sukhakāmo dukkhapaṭikūlo. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, sunakkhatta, api nu so puriso amuṃ āpānīyakaṃsaṃ piveyya yaṃ jaññā– ‘imāhaṃ pivitvā maraṇaṃ vā nigacchāmi maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhan’”ti? “No hetaṃ, bhante”. “Evameva kho, sunakkhatta, so vata bhikkhu chasu phassāyatanesu saṃvutakārī ‘upadhi dukkhassa mūlan’ti– iti viditvā nirupadhi upadhisaṅkhaye vimutto upadhismiṃ vā kāyaṃ upasaṃharissati cittaṃ vā uppādessatīti– netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Seyyathāpi, sunakkhatta, āsīviso ghoraviso. Atha puriso āgaccheyya jīvitukāmo amaritukāmo sukhakāmo dukkhapaṭikūlo. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, sunakkhatta, api nu so puriso amussa āsīvisassa ghoravisassa hatthaṃ vā aṅguṭṭhaṃ vā dajjā yaṃ jaññā– ‘imināhaṃ daṭṭho maraṇaṃ vā nigacchāmi maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhan’”ti? “No hetaṃ, bhante”. “Evameva kho, sunakkhatta, so vata bhikkhu chasu phassāyatanesu saṃvutakārī ‘upadhi dukkhassa mūlan’ti– iti viditvā nirupadhi upadhisaṅkhaye vimutto upadhismiṃ vā kāyaṃ upasaṃharissati cittaṃ vā uppādessatīti– netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī”ti.

   Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano sunakkhatto licchaviputto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.

   Sunakkhattasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ pañcamaṃ.


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