第一千零八十六章 你们怎么看经
中部103经/你们怎么看经(天臂品[11])
这是我亲身听闻到的。一时,世尊住在毗舍离的巴利哈拉那林中。在那里,世尊对比丘们说:"比丘们。"比丘们回答说:"尊者。"世尊说道:"比丘们,你们怎么看待我?'沙门乔达摩是为了衣服而说法,沙门乔达摩是为了食物而说法,沙门乔达摩是为了住处而说法,沙门乔达摩是为了来世而说法'?"
"尊者,我们不这样看待世尊:'沙门乔达摩是为了衣服而说法,沙门乔达摩是为了食物而说法,沙门乔达摩是为了住处而说法,沙门乔达摩是为了来世而说法'。"
"比丘们,你们确实不这样看待我:'沙门乔达摩是为了衣服而说法⋯⋯沙门乔达摩是为了来世而说法'。那么,比丘们,你们究竟是怎么看待我的呢?"
"尊者,我们是这样看待世尊的:'世尊是慈悲的,是为了我们的利益;世尊出于慈悲而说法'。"
"比丘们,你们确实是这样看待我的:'世尊是慈悲的,是为了我们的利益;世尊出于慈悲而说法'。"
"因此,比丘们,我以证知而宣说的法,即四念处、四正勤、四神足、五根、五力、七觉支、八正道(四念处解释:四念处即是四念住,见第一千零一十三章;四正勤解释,见第五百五十四章;四神足解释,见第八百五十一章;五根解释,见第八百一十九章;五力解释,见第八百一十九章;七觉支解释,见第六百五十九章;八正道解释,见第九百三十二章),你们都应该和合一致、欢喜无诤地学习。比丘们,当你们和合一致、欢喜无诤地学习时,可能会有两位比丘在阿毗达摩上有不同的见解(阿毗达摩解释:阿毗达摩是佛教经典中的一个重要部分,其名称由梵语意为"高级"或"特殊"和梵语意为"法"或"教义"组成,因此可以理解为"高级教义"或"特殊法"。在上座部佛教中,阿毗达摩藏包含七部主要著作)。在这种情况下,如果你们认为:'这些尊者在意义上有不同,在文字上也有不同',那么你们应该去见其中较好说话的比丘,对他这样说:'尊者们在意义上有不同,在文字上也有不同。请尊者们注意到这一点:意义上有不同,文字上也有不同。请尊者们不要争论。'然后,你们应该去见另一方中较好说话的比丘,对他这样说:'尊者们在意义上有不同,在文字上也有不同。请尊者们注意到这一点:意义上有不同,文字上也有不同。请尊者们不要争论。'这样,错误理解的应该被认为是错误理解的,正确理解的应该被认为是正确理解的。在认识到错误理解是错误理解、正确理解是正确理解之后,应该讲说符合法、符合律的内容。
"在这种情况下,如果你们认为:'这些尊者在意义上有不同,但在文字上是一致的',那么你们应该去见其中较好说话的比丘,对他这样说:'尊者们在意义上有不同,但在文字上是一致的。请尊者们注意到这一点:意义上有不同,但文字上是一致的。请尊者们不要争论。'然后,你们应该去见另一方中较好说话的比丘,对他这样说:'尊者们在意义上有不同,但在文字上是一致的。请尊者们注意到这一点:意义上有不同,但文字上是一致的。请尊者们不要争论。'这样,错误理解的应该被认为是错误理解的,正确理解的应该被认为是正确理解的。在认识到错误理解是错误理解、正确理解是正确理解之后,应该讲说符合法、符合律的内容。
"在这种情况下,如果你们认为:'这些尊者在意义上是一致的,但在文字上有不同',那么你们应该去见其中较好说话的比丘,对他这样说:'尊者们在意义上是一致的,但在文字上有不同。请尊者们注意到这一点:意义上是一致的,但文字上有不同。这只是文字上的小事。请尊者们不要为这样的小事而争论。'然后,你们应该去见另一方中较好说话的比丘,对他这样说:'尊者们在意义上是一致的,但在文字上有不同。请尊者们注意到这一点:意义上是一致的,但文字上有不同。这只是文字上的小事。请尊者们不要为这样的小事而争论。'这样,正确理解的应该被认为是正确理解的,错误理解的应该被认为是错误理解的。在认识到正确理解是正确理解、错误理解是错误理解之后,应该讲说符合法、符合律的内容。
"在这种情况下,如果你们认为:'这些尊者在意义上是一致的,在文字上也是一致的',那么你们应该去见其中较好说话的比丘,对他这样说:'尊者们在意义上是一致的,在文字上也是一致的。请尊者们注意到这一点:意义上是一致的,文字上也是一致的。请尊者们不要争论。'然后,你们应该去见另一方中较好说话的比丘,对他这样说:'尊者们在意义上是一致的,在文字上也是一致的。请尊者们注意到这一点:意义上是一致的,文字上也是一致的。请尊者们不要争论。'这样,正确理解的应该被认为是正确理解的。在认识到正确理解是正确理解之后,应该讲说符合法、符合律的内容。
"比丘们,当你们和合一致、欢喜无诤地学习时,如果有一位比丘犯了过错,在这种情况下,你们不应该急于指责。应该仔细观察那个人:'这样做不会伤害我,也不会伤害那个人。那个人不容易发怒,不怀恨,不固执己见,容易放下。我能够使这个人从不善中出离,安住于善中。'比丘们,如果你们这样认为,那么说话是恰当的。
"但是,比丘们,如果你们这样认为:'这样做不会伤害我,但会伤害那个人。然而,那个人容易发怒,容易怀恨,不固执己见,容易放下。我能够使这个人从不善中出离,安住于善中。伤害那个人只是小事,更重要的是我能使这个人从不善中出离,安住于善中。'比丘们,如果你们这样认为,那么说话是恰当的。
"但是,比丘们,如果你们这样认为:'这样做会伤害我,但不会伤害那个人。然而,那个人不容易发怒,不怀恨,但固执己见,不容易放下。我能够使这个人从不善中出离,安住于善中。伤害我只是小事,更重要的是我能使这个人从不善中出离,安住于善中。'比丘们,如果你们这样认为,那么说话是恰当的。
"但是,比丘们,如果你们这样认为:'这样做会伤害我,也会伤害那个人。然而,那个人容易发怒,容易怀恨,固执己见,不容易放下。我能够使这个人从不善中出离,安住于善中。伤害我和那个人只是小事,更重要的是我能使这个人从不善中出离,安住于善中。'比丘们,如果你们这样认为,那么说话是恰当的。
"但是,比丘们,如果你们这样认为:'这样做会伤害我,也会伤害那个人。那个人容易发怒,容易怀恨,固执己见,不容易放下。我不能使这个人从不善中出离,安住于善中。'比丘们,对这样的人,不应该轻视舍心。
"比丘们,当你们和合一致、欢喜无诤地学习时,如果你们之间产生了言语冲突、见解分歧、心中不满、不悦、不快,那么,在一方中,你们应该去见其中较好说话的比丘,对他这样说:'朋友,当我们和合一致、欢喜无诤地学习时,我们之间产生了言语冲突、见解分歧、心中不满、不悦、不快,如果沙门知道这一点,他会责备我们。'比丘们,如果那位比丘回答得正确,他应该这样回答:'朋友,当我们和合一致、欢喜无诤地学习时,我们之间产生了言语冲突、见解分歧、心中不满、不悦、不快,如果沙门知道这一点,他会责备我们。但是,朋友,不舍弃这种状态,能证悟涅槃吗?'比丘们,如果那位比丘回答得正确,他应该这样回答:'朋友,不舍弃这种状态,是不能证悟涅槃的。'
"然后,你们应该去见另一方中较好说话的比丘,对他这样说:'朋友,当我们和合一致、欢喜无诤地学习时,我们之间产生了言语冲突、见解分歧、心中不满、不悦、不快,如果沙门知道这一点,他会责备我们。'比丘们,如果那位比丘回答得正确,他应该这样回答:'朋友,当我们和合一致、欢喜无诤地学习时,我们之间产生了言语冲突、见解分歧、心中不满、不悦、不快,如果沙门知道这一点,他会责备我们。但是,朋友,不舍弃这种状态,能证悟涅槃吗?'比丘们,如果那位比丘回答得正确,他应该这样回答:'朋友,不舍弃这种状态,是不能证悟涅槃的。'"
"比丘们,如果其他人这样问那位比丘:'尊者是否已经使这些比丘从不善中出离,安住于善中?'比丘们,如果那位比丘回答得正确,他应该这样回答:'朋友,我去见世尊,世尊为我说法。我听了法后,就对那些比丘们说。那些比丘听了法后,就从不善中出离,安住于善中。'比丘们,这样回答的比丘,既不抬高自己,也不贬低他人,他如法地回答,没有任何与法相应的理由可以受到谴责。"
世尊说了这番话。那些比丘满意欢喜世尊所说。
你们怎么看经第三完。
巴利语原版经文
MN.103/(3) Kintisuttaṃ
34. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā pisinārāyaṃ viharati baliharaṇe vanasaṇḍe. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “bhikkhavo”ti. “Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca– “kinti vo bhikkhave, mayi hoti– ‘cīvarahetu vā samaṇo gotamo dhammaṃ deseti, piṇḍapātahetu vā samaṇo gotamo dhammaṃ deseti, senāsanahetu vā samaṇo gotamo dhammaṃ deseti, itibhavābhavahetu vā samaṇo gotamo dhammaṃ desetī’”ti? “Na kho no, bhante, bhagavati evaṃ hoti– ‘cīvarahetu vā samaṇo gotamo dhammaṃ deseti, piṇḍapātahetu vā samaṇo gotamo dhammaṃ deseti, senāsanahetu vā samaṇo gotamo dhammaṃ deseti, itibhavābhavahetu vā samaṇo gotamo dhammaṃ desetī’”ti.
“Na ca kira vo, bhikkhave, mayi evaṃ hoti– ‘cīvarahetu vā samaṇo gotamo dhammaṃ deseti …pe… itibhavābhavahetu vā samaṇo gotamo dhammaṃ desetī’ti; atha kinti carahi vo, bhikkhave, mayi hotī”ti? “Evaṃ kho no, bhante, bhagavati hoti– ‘anukampako bhagavā hitesī; anukampaṃ upādāya dhammaṃ desetī’”ti. “Evañca kira vo, bhikkhave, mayi hoti– ‘anukampako bhagavā hitesī; anukampaṃ upādāya dhammaṃ desetī’”ti.
35. “Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, ye vo mayā dhammā abhiññā desitā, seyyathidaṃ– cattāro satipaṭṭhānā cattāro sammappadhānā cattāro iddhipādā pañcindriyāni pañca balāni satta bojjhaṅgā ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, tattha sabbeheva samaggehi sammodamānehi avivadamānehi sikkhitabbaṃ. Tesañca vo, bhikkhave, samaggānaṃ sammodamānānaṃ avivadamānānaṃ sikkhataṃ siyaṃsu dve bhikkhū abhidhamme nānāvādā. Tatra ce tumhākaṃ evamassa– ‘imesaṃ kho āyasmantānaṃ atthato ceva nānaṃ byañjanato ca nānan’ti, tattha yaṃ bhikkhuṃ suvacataraṃ maññeyyātha so upasaṅkamitvā evamassa vacanīyo– ‘āyasmantānaṃ kho atthato ceva nānaṃ, byañjanato ca nānaṃ. Tadamināpetaṃ āyasmanto jānātha– yathā atthato ceva nānaṃ, byañjanato ca nānaṃ. Māyasmanto vivādaṃ āpajjitthā’ti. Athāparesaṃ ekatopakkhikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ yaṃ bhikkhuṃ suvacataraṃ maññeyyātha so upasaṅkamitvā evamassa vacanīyo– ‘āyasmantānaṃ kho atthato ceva nānaṃ, byañjanato ca nānaṃ. Tadamināpetaṃ āyasmanto jānātha– yathā atthato ceva nānaṃ, byañjanato ca nānaṃ. Māyasmanto vivādaṃ āpajjitthā’ti. Iti duggahitaṃ duggahitato dhāretabbaṃ, suggahitaṃ suggahitato dhāretabbaṃ. Duggahitaṃ duggahitato dhāretvā suggahitaṃ suggahitato dhāretvā yo dhammo yo vinayo so bhāsitabbo.
36. “Tatra ce tumhākaṃ evamassa– ‘imesaṃ kho āyasmantānaṃ atthato hi kho nānaṃ, byañjanato sametī’ti, tattha yaṃ bhikkhuṃ suvacataraṃ maññeyyātha so upasaṅkamitvā evamassa vacanīyo– ‘āyasmantānaṃ kho atthato hi nānaṃ, byañjanato sameti. Tadamināpetaṃ āyasmanto jānātha– yathā atthato hi kho nānaṃ, byañjanato sameti. Māyasmanto vivādaṃ āpajjitthā’ti. Athāparesaṃ ekatopakkhikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ yaṃ bhikkhuṃ suvacataraṃ maññeyyātha so upasaṅkamitvā evamassa vacanīyo– ‘āyasmantānaṃ kho atthato hi kho nānaṃ, byañjanato sameti. Tadamināpetaṃ āyasmanto jānātha– yathā atthato hi kho nānaṃ, byañjanato sameti. Māyasmanto vivādaṃ āpajjitthā’ti Iti duggahitaṃ duggahitato dhāretabbaṃ, suggahitaṃ suggahitato dhāretabbaṃ. Duggahitaṃ duggahitato dhāretvā suggahitaṃ suggahitato dhāretvā yo dhammo yo vinayo so bhāsitabbo.
37. “Tatra ce tumhākaṃ evamassa– ‘imesaṃ kho āyasmantānaṃ atthato hi kho sameti, byañjanato nānan’ti, tattha yaṃ bhikkhuṃ suvacataraṃ maññeyyātha so upasaṅkamitvā evamassa vacanīyo– ‘āyasmantānaṃ kho atthato hi sameti, byañjanato nānaṃ. Tadamināpetaṃ āyasmanto jānātha– yathā atthato hi kho sameti, byañjanato nānaṃ. Appamattakaṃ kho panetaṃ yadidaṃ– byañjanaṃ. Māyasmanto appamattake vivādaṃ āpajjitthā’ti. Athāparesaṃ ekatopakkhikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ yaṃ bhikkhuṃ suvacataraṃ maññeyyātha so upasaṅkamitvā evamassa vacanīyo– ‘āyasmantānaṃ kho atthato hi sameti, byañjanato nānaṃ. Tadamināpetaṃ āyasmanto jānātha– yathā atthato hi kho sameti, byañjanato nānaṃ. Appamattakaṃ kho panetaṃ yadidaṃ byañjanaṃ. Māyasmanto appamattake vivādaṃ āpajjitthā’ti. Iti suggahitaṃ suggahitato dhāretabbaṃ, duggahitaṃ duggahitato dhāretabbaṃ. Suggahitaṃ suggahitato dhāretvā duggahitaṃ duggahitato dhāretvā yo dhammo yo vinayo so bhāsitabbo.
38. “Tatra ce tumhākaṃ evamassa– ‘imesaṃ kho āyasmantānaṃ atthato ceva sameti byañjanato ca sametī’ti, tattha yaṃ bhikkhuṃ suvacataraṃ maññeyyātha so upasaṅkamitvā evamassa vacanīyo– ‘āyasmantānaṃ kho atthato ceva sameti, byañjanato ca sameti. Tadamināpetaṃ āyasmanto jānātha– yathā atthato ceva sameti byañjanato ca sameti. Māyasmanto vivādaṃ āpajjitthā’ti. Athāparesaṃ ekatopakkhikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ yaṃ bhikkhuṃ suvacataraṃ maññeyyātha so upasaṅkamitvā evamassa vacanīyo– ‘āyasmantānaṃ kho atthato ceva sameti byañjanato ca sameti. Tadamināpetaṃ āyasmanto jānātha – yathā atthato ceva sameti byañjanato ca sameti. Māyasmanto vivādaṃ āpajjitthā’ti. Iti suggahitaṃ suggahitato dhāretabbaṃ. Suggahitaṃ suggahitato dhāretvā yo dhammo yo vinayo so bhāsitabbo.
39. “Tesañca vo, bhikkhave, samaggānaṃ sammodamānānaṃ avivadamānānaṃ sikkhataṃ siyā aññatarassa bhikkhuno āpatti siyā vītikkamo, tatra, bhikkhave, na codanāya taritabbaṃ. Puggalo upaparikkhitabbo– ‘iti mayhañca avihesā bhavissati parassa ca puggalassa anupaghāto, paro hi puggalo akkodhano anupanāhī adaḷhadiṭṭhī suppaṭinissaggī, sakkomi cāhaṃ etaṃ puggalaṃ akusalā vuṭṭhāpetvā kusale patiṭṭhāpetun’ti. Sace, bhikkhave, evamassa, kallaṃ vacanāya.
“Sace pana, bhikkhave, evamassa– ‘mayhaṃ kho avihesā bhavissati parassa ca puggalassa upaghāto, paro hi puggalo kodhano upanāhī adaḷhadiṭṭhī suppaṭinissaggī, sakkomi cāhaṃ etaṃ puggalaṃ akusalā vuṭṭhāpetvā kusale patiṭṭhāpetuṃ. Appamattakaṃ kho panetaṃ yadidaṃ – parassa puggalassa upaghāto. Atha kho etadeva bahutaraṃ– svāhaṃ sakkomi etaṃ puggalaṃ akusalā vuṭṭhāpetvā kusale patiṭṭhāpetun’ti Sace, bhikkhave, evamassa, kallaṃ vacanāya.
“Sace pana, bhikkhave, evamassa– ‘mayhaṃ kho vihesā bhavissati parassa ca puggalassa anupaghāto. Paro hi puggalo akkodhano anupanāhī daḷhadiṭṭhī duppaṭinissaggī, sakkomi cāhaṃ etaṃ puggalaṃ akusalā vuṭṭhāpetvā kusale patiṭṭhāpetuṃ. Appamattakaṃ kho panetaṃ yadidaṃ mayhaṃ vihesā. Atha kho etadeva bahutaraṃ– svāhaṃ sakkomi etaṃ puggalaṃ akusalā vuṭṭhāpetvā kusale patiṭṭhāpetun’ti. Sace, bhikkhave, evamassa, kallaṃ vacanāya.
“Sace pana, bhikkhave, evamassa– ‘mayhañca kho vihesā bhavissati parassa ca puggalassa upaghāto. Paro hi puggalo kodhano upanāhī daḷhadiṭṭhī duppaṭinissaggī, sakkomi cāhaṃ etaṃ puggalaṃ akusalā vuṭṭhāpetvā kusale patiṭṭhāpetuṃ. Appamattakaṃ kho panetaṃ yadidaṃ– mayhañca vihesā bhavissati parassa ca puggalassa upaghāto. Atha kho etadeva bahutaraṃ– svāhaṃ sakkomi etaṃ puggalaṃ akusalā vuṭṭhāpetvā kusale patiṭṭhāpetun’ti. Sace, bhikkhave, evamassa, kallaṃ vacanāya.
“Sace pana, bhikkhave, evamassa– ‘mayhañca kho vihesā bhavissati parassa ca puggalassa upaghāto. Paro hi puggalo kodhano upanāhī daḷhadiṭṭhī duppaṭinissaggī, na cāhaṃ sakkomi etaṃ puggalaṃ akusalā vuṭṭhāpetvā kusale patiṭṭhāpetun’ti. Evarūpe, bhikkhave, puggale upekkhā nātimaññitabbā.
40. “Tesañca vo, bhikkhave, samaggānaṃ sammodamānānaṃ avivadamānānaṃ sikkhataṃ aññamaññassa vacīsaṃhāro uppajjeyya diṭṭhipaḷāso cetaso āghāto appaccayo anabhiraddhi. Tattha ekatopakkhikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ yaṃ bhikkhuṃ suvacataraṃ maññeyyātha so upasaṅkamitvā evamassa vacanīyo– ‘yaṃ no, āvuso, amhākaṃ samaggānaṃ sammodamānānaṃ avivadamānānaṃ sikkhataṃ aññamaññassa vacīsaṃhāro uppanno diṭṭhipaḷāso cetaso āghāto appaccayo anabhiraddhi, taṃ jānamāno samaṇo garaheyyā’ti. Sammā byākaramāno, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃ byākareyya ‘yaṃ no, āvuso, amhākaṃ samaggānaṃ sammodamānānaṃ avivadamānānaṃ sikkhataṃ aññamaññassa vacīsaṃhāro uppanno diṭṭhipaḷāso cetaso āghāto appaccayo anabhiraddhi, taṃ jānamāno samaṇo garaheyyāti. Etaṃ panāvuso, dhammaṃ appahāya nibbānaṃ sacchikareyyā’ti. Sammā byākaramāno, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃ byākareyya– ‘etaṃ, āvuso, dhammaṃ appahāya na nibbānaṃ sacchikareyyā’ti.
“Athāparesaṃ ekatopakkhikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ yaṃ bhikkhuṃ suvacataraṃ maññeyyātha, so upasaṅkamitvā evamassa vacanīyo– ‘yaṃ no, āvuso, amhākaṃ samaggānaṃ sammodamānānaṃ avivadamānānaṃ sikkhataṃ aññamaññassa vacīsaṃhāro uppanno diṭṭhipaḷāso cetaso āghāto appaccayo anabhiraddhi, taṃ jānamāno samaṇo garaheyyā’ti. Sammā byākaramāno, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃ byākareyya– ‘yaṃ no, āvuso, amhākaṃ samaggānaṃ sammodamānānaṃ avivadamānānaṃ sikkhataṃ aññamaññassa vacīsaṃhāro uppanno diṭṭhipaḷāso cetaso āghāto appaccayo anabhiraddhi taṃ jānamāno samaṇo garaheyyāti. Etaṃ panāvuso, dhammaṃ appahāya nibbānaṃ sacchikareyyā’ti. Sammā byākaramāno, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃ byākareyya – ‘etaṃ kho, āvuso, dhammaṃ appahāya na nibbānaṃ sacchikareyyā’”ti.
“Taṃ ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhuṃ pare evaṃ puccheyyuṃ– ‘āyasmatā no ete bhikkhū akusalā vuṭṭhāpetvā kusale patiṭṭhāpitā’ti? Sammā byākaramāno, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃ byākareyya ‘idhāhaṃ, āvuso, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃ, tassa me bhagavā dhammaṃ desesi, tāhaṃ dhammaṃ sutvā tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ abhāsiṃ. Taṃ te bhikkhū dhammaṃ sutvā akusalā vuṭṭhahiṃsu, kusale patiṭṭhahiṃsū’ti. Evaṃ byākaramāno kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na ceva attānaṃ ukkaṃseti, na paraṃ vambheti, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākaroti, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānuvādo gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgacchatī”ti.
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
Kintisuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ tatiyaṃ.