第一千零七十七章 戈塔穆伽经
中部94经/苟德木柯经(婆罗门品[10])
这是我亲身听闻到的,一时,尊者优陀夷住在波罗奈城的凯玛园林中。当时,戈塔穆伽婆罗门因某事来到波罗奈城。他在城中散步时,来到凯玛园林。那时,尊者优陀夷正在户外经行。于是戈塔穆伽婆罗门走向尊者优陀夷。走近后,与尊者优陀夷互相问候。寒暄完毕后,戈塔穆伽婆罗门跟随尊者优陀夷经行(经行解释:意指在一定的场所中往复回旋之行走。通常在食后、疲倦时,或坐禅昏沉瞌睡时,即起而经行,为一种调剂身心之安静散步。据大比丘三千威仪经卷上所载,适于经行之地有五,即闲处、户前、讲堂之前、塔下、阁下。另据四分律卷五十九所说,时常经行能得五利:(一)能堪远行,(二) 能静思惟,(三)少病,(四)消食,(五)于定中得以久住),并说道:"尊者沙门(沙门解释:出家修行人),我认为'没有正当的出家'。我之所以这样想,是因为没有见过像你这样的人,或者是因为不了解这种法。"
听到这话,尊者优陀夷停止经行,走进精舍,坐在准备好的座位上。戈塔穆伽婆罗门也停止经行,走进精舍,站在一旁。尊者优陀夷对站在一旁的戈塔穆伽婆罗门说:"婆罗门,这里有座位。如果你愿意,请坐。"
"我们正是在等待尊者优陀夷这样说才坐下。像我这样的人,怎么能在没有邀请的情况下就擅自坐下呢?"于是戈塔穆伽婆罗门取了一个低座,坐在一旁。坐下后,戈塔穆伽婆罗门对尊者优陀夷说:"尊者沙门,我认为'没有正当的出家'。我之所以这样想,是因为没有见过像你这样的人,或者是因为不了解这种法。"
"婆罗门,如果你同意我说的正确的就认同,错误的就反驳;如果你不理解我说的意思,可以进一步问我:'尊者优陀夷,这是什么意思?这怎么解释?'这样我们就可以进行讨论了。"
"我会同意尊者优陀夷说的正确的,反驳错误的;如果我不理解尊者优陀夷说的意思,我会进一步问:'尊者优陀夷,这是什么意思?这怎么解释?'让我们就这样进行讨论吧。"
"婆罗门,世间有四种人。哪四种?这里,有一种人折磨自己,专注于折磨自己的修行。这里,有一种人折磨他人,专注于折磨他人的修行。这里,有一种人既折磨自己又折磨他人,专注于既折磨自己又折磨他人的修行。这里,有一种人既不折磨自己,也不折磨他人,不专注于折磨自己和他人的修行。他在现法中无欲、寂静、清凉、安乐,以梵行自处(梵行解释:清净的修行,一般指修行八正道)。婆罗门,这四种人中,哪一种人让你满意?"
"尊者优陀夷,那种折磨自己、专注于折磨自己修行的人,我不满意。那种折磨他人、专注于折磨他人修行的人,我也不满意。那种既折磨自己又折磨他人、专注于既折磨自己又折磨他人修行的人,我也不满意。但是那种既不折磨自己,也不折磨他人,不专注于折磨自己和他人修行,在现法中无欲、寂静、清凉、安乐,以梵行自处的人,我很满意。"
"婆罗门,为什么这三种人让你不满意呢?"
"尊者优陀夷,那种折磨自己、专注于折磨自己修行的人,他折磨渴求快乐、厌恶痛苦的自己;因此这种人让我不满意。那种折磨他人、专注于折磨他人修行的人,他折磨渴求快乐、厌恶痛苦的他人;因此这种人让我不满意。那种既折磨自己又折磨他人、专注于既折磨自己又折磨他人修行的人,他既折磨渴求快乐、厌恶痛苦的自己,又折磨渴求快乐、厌恶痛苦的他人;因此这种人让我不满意。但是那种既不折磨自己,也不折磨他人,不专注于折磨自己和他人修行,在现法中无欲、寂静、清凉、安乐,以梵行自处的人,他既不折磨渴求快乐、厌恶痛苦的自己,也不折磨渴求快乐、厌恶痛苦的他人;因此这种人让我满意。"
"婆罗门,有两种集会。哪两种?这里,有一种集会热衷于珠宝装饰,追求妻子儿女,追求奴仆,追求田地,追求金银。
这里,有另一种集会不热衷于珠宝装饰,舍弃妻子儿女,舍弃奴仆,舍弃田地,舍弃金银,从家庭生活出家,过无家的生活。婆罗门,那种既不折磨自己也不折磨他人,不专注于折磨自己和他人修行,在现法中无欲、寂静、清凉、安乐,以梵行自处的人,你认为他更多地属于哪一种集会?是属于那种热衷于珠宝装饰,追求妻子儿女、奴仆、田地、金银的集会,还是属于那种不热衷于珠宝装饰,舍弃妻子儿女、奴仆、田地、金银,从家庭生活出家,过无家生活的集会?"
"尊者优陀夷,那种既不折磨自己也不折磨他人,不专注于折磨自己和他人修行,在现法中无欲、寂静、清凉、安乐,以梵行自处的人,我认为他更多地属于那种不热衷于珠宝装饰,舍弃妻子儿女、奴仆、田地、金银,从家庭生活出家,过无家生活的集会。"
"婆罗门,你刚才不是说过:'尊者沙门,我认为没有正当的出家。我之所以这样想,是因为没有见过像你这样的人,或者是因为不了解这种法。'吗?"
"尊者优陀夷,我确实说过那样的话,那是有原因的。现在我认为有正当的出家,请尊者优陀夷记住我的这个看法。尊者优陀夷简要地讲述了四种人,但没有详细解释,如果尊者优陀夷能够详细解释这四种人,那就太好了。"
"那么,婆罗门,你仔细听,好好思考,我会详细解释。"戈塔穆伽婆罗门回答说:"好的,尊者。"尊者优陀夷说:
"婆罗门,什么是折磨自己、专注于折磨自己修行的人?这里,有人裸体,不遵守礼仪,用手擦粪便,被叫来不来,被请留不留,不接受别人送来的食物,不接受为他特别准备的食物,不接受邀请。他不从锅口、碗口接受食物,不从门槛内、棍杖间、杵臼间接受食物,不从两个正在吃饭的人那里接受食物,不从孕妇那里接受食物,不从哺乳的妇女那里接受食物,不从与男子同居的妇女那里接受食物,不在有人宣布施食的地方接受食物,不在有狗守候的地方接受食物,不在有蝇群飞舞的地方接受食物,不吃鱼,不吃肉,不喝酒,不喝果酒,不喝谷物发酵酒。
他只到一家化缘,只吃一口;或者到两家化缘,吃两口......或者到七家化缘,吃七口。他只靠一位施主的供养生活,或者靠两位施主的供养生活......或者靠七位施主的供养生活。他一天只吃一餐,或者两天吃一餐......或者七天吃一餐。就这样,他遵循每半个月才进食一次的饮食规律。他以蔬菜为食,或以野米为食,或以野生稻谷为食,或以皮革碎屑为食,或以苔藓为食,或以稻壳为食,或以米汤为食,或以芝麻粉为食,或以草为食,或以牛粪为食,或以树根果实为食,或以自然掉落的果实为食。
他穿麻衣,或穿粗麻布衣,或穿弃尸布衣,或穿粪扫衣(粪扫衣解释:略称粪扫。又作衲衣、百衲衣。即摭取被舍弃于粪尘中之破衣碎布,洗涤后作成之袈裟),或穿树皮衣,或穿羚羊皮衣,或穿羚羊皮条衣,或穿吉祥草衣,或穿树皮纤维衣,或穿木板衣,或穿头发衣,或穿马尾衣,或穿猫头鹰羽毛衣。他拔掉头发和胡须,专注于拔除头发和胡须的修行。他常常站立,拒绝坐具。他经常蹲踞,专注于蹲踞的修行。他躺卧在荆棘上,以荆棘为床。他每天傍晚洗澡三次,包括傍晚时分。就这样,他以各种方式折磨和苦行自己的身体。婆罗门,这就是所谓的折磨自己、专注于折磨自己修行的人。
婆罗门,什么是折磨他人、专注于折磨他人修行的人?这里,有人是屠羊者、屠猪者、捕鸟者、捕鹿者、猎人、渔夫、盗贼、刽子手、屠牛者、狱卒,或者从事其他残酷行业的人。婆罗门,这就是所谓的折磨他人、专注于折磨他人修行的人。
婆罗门,什么是既折磨自己又折磨他人、专注于既折磨自己又折磨他人修行的人?这里,有人是灌顶即位的刹帝利王,或者是大富的婆罗门。他在城东建造新的祭祀场,剃除头发和胡须,穿上粗糙的鹿皮衣,用酥油涂身,用鹿角搔背,与王后和祭司婆罗门一起进入新的祭祀场。他躺在没有铺垫、只是撒满青草的地上。国王靠一头母牛的第一个乳头的奶生活,王后靠第二个乳头的奶生活,祭司婆罗门靠第三个乳头的奶生活,用第四个乳头的奶祭火,剩下的奶给小牛喝。他说:'为祭祀杀这么多公牛,为祭祀杀这么多小公牛,为祭祀杀这么多小母牛,为祭祀杀这么多山羊,为祭祀杀这么多绵羊,为祭祀杀这么多马,为祭祀砍倒这么多树做祭柱,为铺草垫割这么多草。'那些被称为奴隶、仆人或工人的人,在鞭打和恐吓下,泪流满面地做准备工作。婆罗门,这就是所谓的既折磨自己又折磨他人、专注于既折磨自己又折磨他人修行的人。
婆罗门,什么是既不折磨自己也不折磨他人,不专注于折磨自己和他人修行,在现法中无欲、寂静、清凉、安乐,以梵行自处的人?这里,如来、阿罗汉、正等正觉者出现于世间,他是明行足、善逝、世间解、无上士、调御丈夫、天人师、佛、世尊(如来解释:为佛十号之一。即佛之尊称。盖梵语可分解为如去、如来二种,若作前者解,为乘真如之道,而往于佛果涅槃之义,故称为如去;若作后者解,则为由真理而来,如实而来,而成正觉之义,故称如来。佛陀即乘真理而来,由真如而现身,故尊称佛陀为如来。智知诸法如,从如中来,故名如来。也可以用因缘角度来解释,因缘聚合而来称为如来,因缘消散则去称为如去;阿罗汉解释:阿罗汉是佛教中的最高修行境界,也是四种圣者(四果)中的最后一个阶段,阿罗汉是指已经完全断除所有烦恼,达到最终解脱的修行者。"阿罗汉"可译为"应供"、"无学"或"杀贼",意味着值得供养、不再需要学习、已杀死内心的烦恼;应供解释:断尽一切烦恼,智德圆满,应受人天供养、尊敬者;正等正觉解释:觉即知也。觉知遍于一切,是遍也。觉知契于理,是正也。谓遍正觉知一切法也。又诸佛之觉知平等,故曰等,离邪妄故曰等。明行足解释:明者,无上正等正觉也,行足者,脚足之义,指戒定慧言。佛依戒定慧之脚足而得无上正等正觉,故名明行足。善逝解释:又作善去、善解、善说无患、好说、好去。意即进入种种甚深三摩提与无量妙智慧中。世间解解释:即佛能了知众生、非众生二种世间之一切,既了知世间之因、世间之灭,亦了知出世间之道。无上士解释:又作无上、无上丈夫。如来之智德,于人中最胜,无有过之者,故称无上士。调御丈夫解释:可化导一切丈夫之调御师。佛以大慈、大悲、大智故,有时软美语,有时苦切语,有时杂语,以此调御令不失道。天人师解释:又作天人教师。谓佛陀为诸天与人类之教师,示导一切应作不应作、是善是不善,若能依教而行,不舍道法,能得解脱烦恼之报,故称天人师。又以佛陀度天、人者众,度余道者寡,故称为天人师。佛解释:即觉者,觉者解释:又作觉、知者。即已舍去迷妄分别,自彻真源,开显真理,具有大慈悲、大智慧、自觉、觉他、觉行圆满之圣者。世尊解释:为世间所尊重者之意,亦指世界中之最尊者)。他以自己的智慧证悟、实现并宣说这个世界,包括天界、魔界、梵天界、沙门婆罗门界、天人界(天界、魔界、梵天界解释,见第八百零五章;沙门解释:出家修行人;婆罗门解释:意译净行、梵行、梵志、承习。印度四姓中,最上位之僧侣、学者阶级。为古印度一切知识之垄断者,自认为印度社会之最胜种姓)。他宣说的法初善、中善、后善,有义有文,宣说完全圆满清净的梵行。
居士或居士子或其他种姓的人听闻此法(居士解释:没有出家,在家修行的人)。听闻此法后,他对如来生起信心。具足此信心,他这样思维:'家庭生活拥挤,是尘垢之道;出家生活犹如空旷。在家生活难以完全圆满地修习清净梵行。我应该剃除须发,披上袈裟,从家庭生活出家,过无家的生活。'过了一段时间,他舍弃小量或大量的财产,舍弃小量或大量的亲属,剃除须发,披上袈裟,从家庭生活出家,过无家的生活。
出家后,他遵循比丘的学处和生活方式,远离杀生,不再杀生,放下刀杖,有耻有悲,慈悲一切众生。他远离不与取(不与取解释:物品主人没有允许就拿走物品,引申为偷盗抢劫),不再偷盗,只取他人给予的,期待他人给予,以清净无贼的自我生活。他远离非梵行,过梵行生活,远离淫欲,不再从事村人之法。
他远离妄语(妄语解释:虚假不真实的言语),不再说谎,只说真实语,诚实可靠,不欺骗世间。他远离离间语(离间语解释:说挑拨离间的言语,破坏别人和睦的关系),不搬弄是非;他在这里听到的不在那里说,在那里听到的不在这里说,以调解离间者,鼓励和睦者为乐,喜好和合,乐于和合,说能促进和合的话。他远离粗恶语(粗恶语解释:说粗暴粗俗咒骂的言语),说温和悦耳、令人喜爱、打动人心、优雅、令众人喜悦的话。他远离绮语(绮语解释:说毫无意义不正经的言语),说适时语、真实语、有意义语、法语、律语(律解释:戒律),说值得珍惜、适时、有理有据、有节制、有益的话。
他远离伤害种子和植物。他一天只吃一餐,过中不食,远离非时食。他远离观看歌舞、音乐、表演。他远离装饰、装扮自己,不使用花环、香料、美容品。他远离高广大床。他远离接受金银。他远离接受生谷。他远离接受生肉。他远离接受妇女和少女。他远离接受奴婢。他远离接受山羊和绵羊。他远离接受鸡和猪。他远离接受象、牛、马、骡。他远离接受田地和土地。他远离从事信使工作。他远离买卖。他远离用秤、钱币和度量欺骗他人。他远离贿赂、欺诈、欺骗。他远离伤害、杀戮、绑架、抢劫、掠夺。
他知足于蔽体的袈裟,维持生命的托钵食。无论去哪里,他都只携带这些。就像有翅膀的鸟儿飞到哪里都只带着翅膀,比丘也是如此,知足于蔽体的袈裟和维持生命的托钵食。无论去哪里,他都只携带这些。具足此圣戒蕴(戒蕴解释:戒律的聚集,指受持戒律的身体,戒体),他内心感受无过失之乐。
他以眼见色时(色解释:物质事物),不取相,不取细相。因为如果不防护眼根,贪爱、忧愁等恶不善法就会侵入,所以他护眼根,防护眼根。以耳闻声时......以鼻嗅香时......以舌尝味时......以身触触时......以意知法时(法解释:某种思想,见解,也可以指世间万物,有形体的事物,没有形体的事物),不取相,不取细相。因为如果不防护意根,贪爱、忧愁等恶不善法就会侵入,所以他护意根,防护意根。具足此圣根律仪,他内心感受无染污之乐。
在前进、后退时保持正知。在前视、后视时保持正知。在屈伸手足时保持正知。在穿衣持钵时保持正知(正知解释:只专注当前正在做的事情,除此之外,内心不想其他事情,不专注其他事情)。在饮食、咀嚼、品尝时保持正知。在大小便时保持正知。在行、住、坐、卧、醒、语、默时保持正知。
具足此圣戒蕴、此圣根律仪、此圣正念正知(正念正知解释:只专注当前正在做的事情,除此之外,内心不想其他事情,不专注其他事情),他前往远离处 - 林中、树下、山中、山谷、岩洞、冢间、丛林、露地、稻草堆。他在饭后、托钵回来,结跏趺坐(结跏趺坐解释:坐法之一。又作结加趺坐、结跏跗坐、跏趺正坐、跏趺坐、加趺坐、跏坐、结坐。即互交二足,结跏安坐。又称交一足为半跏趺坐、半跏坐、半跏、贤坐;称交二足为全跏坐、本跏坐、全跏、大坐、莲华坐。其坐法即双膝弯曲,两足掌向上之形式,可分为降魔、吉祥二种:1.先以右足压左股,后以左足压右股,二足掌仰于二股之上,手亦左手居上,称为降魔坐。天台、禅宗等显教诸宗多传此坐。2.先以左足压右股,后以右足压左股,手亦右手压左手,称为吉祥坐。密宗亦称之为莲花坐。如来于菩提树下成正觉时,身安吉祥之坐,手作降魔印。此多于密教中行之,盖以右足表示佛界,左足表示众生界。以右足压左足,乃佛界摄取众生界,众生界归佛界之意,即表示生佛不二之义),保持身体正直,安立正念在前。
他舍离对世间的贪欲,以无贪之心而住,使心从贪欲中净化。他舍离瞋恚(瞋恚解释:愤怒,生气),以无瞋之心而住,对一切众生怀有慈悲,使心从瞋恚中净化。他舍离昏沉睡眠(昏沉睡眠解释:昏沉睡眠是佛教中的一个重要修行障碍,也是五盖之一。昏沉:指心理上的迟钝、懒惰或无精打采的状态。睡眠:指身体上的嗜睡或昏昏欲睡的状态。特征:精神萎靡不振,注意力难以集中,身体感觉沉重,对修行或其他活动缺乏兴趣),远离昏沉睡眠而住,具光明想,正念正知,使心从昏沉睡眠中净化。他舍离掉举恶作(掉举解释:掉举是佛教中的一个重要修行障碍,通常与恶作一起讨论,合称"掉举恶作",是五盖之一。掉举指心理上的躁动、不安或兴奋状态。它是一种心不能平静、总是处于波动或分散的状态。特征:心念不定,难以集中,思绪纷飞,难以控制,内心感到焦躁不安,对外界刺激反应过度),内心平静而住,使心从掉举恶作中净化。他舍离疑惑,超越疑惑而住,对善法不再疑虑,使心从疑惑中净化。
舍离这五盖 (五盖解释:是指五种障碍或烦恼,它们阻碍了修行者的进步和觉悟。这五盖是:贪欲盖:指对感官欲望的执着,这包括对物质享受和感官愉悦的渴望。瞋恚盖:指愤怒、恶意或敌意,这种负面情绪会扰乱心灵的平静。昏沉睡眠盖:指心理上的迟钝和身体上的懒惰,这种状态会导致缺乏精力和警觉性。掉举恶作盖:掉举指心的不安和散乱,恶作指后悔和忧虑,这两者共同导致心灵的不宁静。疑盖:指对佛法、修行方法或自己能力的怀疑,这种怀疑会阻碍修行的进展)- 心的污染、慧力的削弱者后,他离诸欲、离不善法,有寻有伺,由离生喜乐,进入并安住于初禅(有寻有伺解释,见第八百八十九章;初禅解释,见第一百五十五章)。由寻伺寂静,内心安定,心专一境性,无寻无伺,由定生喜乐,进入并安住于第二禅(第二禅解释:即是二禅,见第一百五十五章)。离喜后住于舍,正念正知,以身感受乐,圣者说'舍、念、乐住',进入并安住于第三禅(三禅解释,见第一百五十五章)。舍乐、舍苦,先前的喜忧已灭,不苦不乐,舍念清净,进入并安住于第四禅(四禅解释,见第一百五十五章)。
当心如是入定、清净、明亮、无垢、离随烦恼、柔软、适业、稳固、不动摇时,他将心转向宿命随念智(宿命随念智解释:五通之一,六通之一。又作宿住随念智通、宿住智通、宿命智通、宿命通证、识宿命通、宿住通、宿命通。谓能随意知悉自己宿昔住世之生死,姓名、寿命、苦乐等之通力。此智以慧为自性,随忆念之势力,能知诸过去生于欲、色界中之自他有漏五蕴,故称宿住随念智;又此智因依色引发,故唯局限于欲、色界,不通无色界。能忆之劫数)。他忆念种种宿世,如一生、二生、三生、四生、五生、十生、二十生、三十生、四十生、五十生、百生、千生、百千生,许多坏劫、许多成劫、许多坏成劫:'我曾生于某处,如是名,如是姓,如是容貌,如是饮食,如是苦乐感受,如是寿量。我从那里死后,又生于某处。我在那里也是如是名,如是姓,如是容貌,如是饮食,如是苦乐感受,如是寿量。我从那里死后,又生于此处。'就这样,他忆念种种宿世的状况和细节。
当心如是入定、清净、明亮、无垢、离随烦恼、柔软、适业、稳固、不动摇时,他将心转向有情死生智(有情解释:有生命和情感的生命体)。他以清净超人的天眼,见众生死时、生时,低贱的、高贵的、美丽的、丑陋的、幸运的、不幸的,了知众生随业而趣(业解释:是指一个人的行为,身、口、意所产生的能量或力量,每个行为都会产生相应的结果,善行产生善果,恶行产生恶果,影响个人的性格、处境、际遇等,可能延续到来世,影响轮回):'这些众生具身恶行......诽谤圣者,持邪见,受持邪见业,他们身坏命终后,生于恶处、恶趣、堕处、地狱。而这些众生具身善行......不诽谤圣者,持正见,受持正见业,他们身坏命终后,生于善趣、天界。'就这样,他以清净超人的天眼,见众生死时、生时,低贱的、高贵的、美丽的、丑陋的、幸运的、不幸的,了知众生随业而趣。
当心如是入定、清净、明亮、无垢、离随烦恼、柔软、适业、稳固、不动摇时,他将心转向漏尽智(漏尽智解释:断尽一切烦恼之阿罗汉智也)。他如实了知:'这是苦',如实了知:'这是苦集(苦集解释:苦的聚集,苦因)',如实了知:'这是苦灭',如实了知:'这是趣向苦灭之道'。他如实了知:'这是漏(漏解释:烦恼)',如实了知:'这是漏集(漏集解释:烦恼的聚集,烦恼因)',如实了知:'这是漏灭',如实了知:'这是趣向漏灭之道'。如是知、如是见,他的心从欲漏、有漏、无明漏中解脱(欲漏解释:欲望,贪欲的烦恼;有漏解释:存在,有执着的烦恼;无明漏解释:无知的烦恼)。解脱时,生起解脱智:'生已尽,梵行已立,所作已办,不受后有。'
婆罗门,这就是所谓的既不折磨自己也不折磨他人,不专注于折磨自己和他人修行,在现法中无欲、寂静、清凉、安乐,以梵行自处的人。"
听闻此说,戈塔穆伽婆罗门对尊者优陀夷说:"太奇妙了,尊者优陀夷!太奇妙了,尊者优陀夷!就像有人扶正倒下的东西,揭示被遮蔽的东西,为迷路者指明道路,在黑暗中举起油灯,让有眼之人得见诸色。同样地,尊者优陀夷以种种方便说法。尊者优陀夷,我皈依佛陀、法、比丘僧。愿尊者优陀夷接受我为优婆塞(优婆塞解释:没有出家,在家修行的男居士),从今日起终生皈依。"
"婆罗门,不要皈依我。你应该皈依我所皈依的那位世尊。"
"尊者优陀夷,那位乔达摩尊者、阿罗汉、正等正觉者现在住在哪里?"
"婆罗门,那位世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者已经般涅槃了(般涅槃解释:进入最后的涅槃境界,不再生死轮回;生死轮回解释,见第五百七十八章)。"
"尊者优陀夷,如果我们听说那位乔达摩尊者住在十由旬之内(由旬解释:印度计里程的数目,每由旬有三十里、四十里、五十里、六十里的四种说法,但说四十里为一由旬者居多),我们会走十由旬去见那位尊者、阿罗汉、正等正觉者。如果我们听说那位乔达摩尊者住在二十由旬......三十由旬......四十由旬......五十由旬之内,我们会走五十由旬去见那位尊者、阿罗汉、正等正觉者。即使听说那位乔达摩尊者住在一百由旬之内,我们也会走一百由旬去见那位尊者、阿罗汉、正等正觉者。
但既然那位乔达摩尊者已经般涅槃,我们也皈依已般涅槃的那位乔达摩尊者、法和比丘僧。愿尊者优陀夷接受我为优婆塞,从今日起终生皈依。安迦王每天给我一份固定的布施,我愿意从中拿出一份给尊者优陀夷。"
"婆罗门,安迦王每天给你多少固定的布施?"
"尊者优陀夷,五百迦利沙波那。"
"婆罗门,我们不能接受金银。"
"如果尊者优陀夷不能接受,那么我将为尊者优陀夷建造一座精舍。"
"婆罗门,如果你想为我建造精舍,不如在华氏城为僧团建造一座集会堂。"
"尊者优陀夷这样说,我更加高兴满意了,因为尊者优陀夷鼓励我布施给僧团。尊者优陀夷,我将用这份固定布施和另一份固定布施在华氏城为僧团建造一座集会堂。"
于是,戈塔穆伽婆罗门用这份固定布施和另一份固定布施在华氏城为僧团建造了一座集会堂。现在那座集会堂被称为"戈塔穆伽堂"。
《戈塔穆伽经》完。
巴利语原版经文
MN.94/(4) Ghoṭamukhasuttaṃ
412. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā udeno bārāṇasiyaṃ viharati khemiyambavane. Tena kho pana samayena ghoṭamukho brāhmaṇo bārāṇasiṃ anuppatto hoti kenacideva karaṇīyena. Atha kho ghoṭamukho brāhmaṇo jaṅghāvihāraṃ anucaṅkamamāno anuvicaramāno yena khemiyambavanaṃ tenupasaṅkami. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā udeno abbhokāse caṅkamati. Atha kho ghoṭamukho brāhmaṇo yenāyasmā udeno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā udenena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā āyasmantaṃ udenaṃ caṅkamantaṃ anucaṅkamamāno evamāha– “ambho samaṇa, ‘natthi dhammiko paribbajo’ – evaṃ me ettha hoti. Tañca kho bhavantarūpānaṃ vā adassanā, yo vā panettha dhammo”ti.
Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā udeno caṅkamā orohitvā vihāraṃ pavisitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Ghoṭamukhopi kho brāhmaṇo caṅkamā orohitvā vihāraṃ pavisitvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitaṃ kho ghoṭamukhaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ āyasmā udeno etadavoca– “saṃvijjanti kho, brāhmaṇa, āsanāni. Sace ākaṅkhasi, nisīdā”ti. “Etadeva kho pana mayaṃ bhoto udenassa āgamayamānā (na) nisīdāma. Kathañhi nāma mādiso pubbe animantito āsane nisīditabbaṃ maññeyyā”ti? Atha kho ghoṭamukho brāhmaṇo aññataraṃ nīcaṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho ghoṭamukho brāhmaṇo āyasmantaṃ udenaṃ etadavoca– “ambho samaṇa, ‘natthi dhammiko paribbajo’– evaṃ me ettha hoti. Tañca kho bhavantarūpānaṃ vā adassanā, yo vā panettha dhammo”ti. “Sace kho pana me tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, anuññeyyaṃ anujāneyyāsi, paṭikkositabbañca paṭikkoseyyāsi; yassa ca pana me bhāsitassa atthaṃ na jāneyyāsi, mamaṃyeva tattha uttari paṭipuccheyyāsi – ‘idaṃ, bho udena, kathaṃ, imassa kvattho’ti? Evaṃ katvā siyā no ettha kathāsallāpo”ti. “Anuññeyyaṃ khvāhaṃ bhoto udenassa anujānissāmi, paṭikkositabbañca paṭikkosissāmi; yassa ca panāhaṃ bhoto udenassa bhāsitassa atthaṃ na jānissāmi, bhavantaṃyeva tattha udenaṃ uttari paṭipucchissāmi– ‘idaṃ, bho udena, kathaṃ, imassa kvattho’ti? Evaṃ katvā hotu no ettha kathāsallāpo”ti.
413. “Cattārome, brāhmaṇa, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Idha, brāhmaṇa, ekacco puggalo attantapo hoti attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto. Idha pana, brāhmaṇa, ekacco puggalo parantapo hoti paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto. Idha pana, brāhmaṇa, ekacco puggalo attantapo ca hoti attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto parantapo ca paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto. Idha pana, brāhmaṇa ekacco puggalo nevattantapo hoti nāttaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto, na parantapo na paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto. So anattantapo aparantapo diṭṭheva dhamme nicchāto nibbuto sītībhūto sukhappaṭisaṃvedī brahmabhūtena attanā viharati. Imesaṃ, brāhmaṇa, catunnaṃ puggalānaṃ katamo te puggalo cittaṃ ārādhetī”ti?
“Yvāyaṃ, bho udena, puggalo attantapo attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto ayaṃ me puggalo cittaṃ nārādheti; yopāyaṃ, bho udena, puggalo parantapo paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto ayampi me puggalo cittaṃ nārādheti; yopāyaṃ, bho udena, puggalo attantapo ca attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto parantapo ca paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto ayampi me puggalo cittaṃ nārādheti; yo ca kho ayaṃ, bho udena, puggalo nevattantapo nāttaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto na parantapo na paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto so anattantapo aparantapo diṭṭheva dhamme nicchāto nibbuto sītībhūto sukhappaṭisaṃvedī brahmabhūtena attanā viharati. Ayameva me puggalo cittaṃ ārādhetī”ti.
“Kasmā pana te, brāhmaṇa, ime tayo puggalā cittaṃ nārādhentī”ti? “Yvāyaṃ, bho udena, puggalo attantapo attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto so attānaṃ sukhakāmaṃ dukkhapaṭikkūlaṃ ātāpeti paritāpeti; iminā me ayaṃ puggalo cittaṃ nārādheti. Yopāyaṃ bho udena, puggalo parantapo paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto so paraṃ sukhakāmaṃ dukkhapaṭikkūlaṃ ātāpeti paritāpeti; iminā me ayaṃ puggalo cittaṃ nārādheti. Yopāyaṃ, bho udena, puggalo attantapo ca attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto parantapo ca paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto so attānañca parañca sukhakāmaṃ dukkhapaṭikkūlaṃ ātāpeti paritāpeti; iminā me ayaṃ puggalo cittaṃ nārādheti. Yo ca kho ayaṃ, bho udena, puggalo nevattantapo nāttaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto na parantapo na paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto so anattantapo aparantapo diṭṭheva dhamme nicchāto nibbuto sītībhūto sukhappaṭisaṃvedī brahmabhūtena attanā viharati, so attānañca parañca sukhakāmaṃ dukkhapaṭikkūlaṃ neva ātāpeti na paritāpeti; iminā me ayaṃ puggalo cittaṃ ārādhetī”ti.
414. “Dvemā, brāhmaṇa, parisā. Katamā dve? Idha, brāhmaṇa, ekaccā parisā sārattarattā maṇikuṇḍalesu puttabhariyaṃ pariyesati, dāsidāsaṃ pariyesati, khettavatthuṃ pariyesati, jātarūparajataṃ pariyesati.
“Idha pana, brāhmaṇa, ekaccā parisā asārattarattā maṇikuṇḍalesu puttabhariyaṃ pahāya, dāsidāsaṃ pahāya, khettavatthuṃ pahāya, jātarūparajataṃ pahāya, agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitā. Svāyaṃ, brāhmaṇa, puggalo nevattantapo nāttaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto na parantapo na paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto. So anattantapo aparantapo diṭṭheva dhamme nicchāto nibbuto sītībhūto sukhappaṭisaṃvedī brahmabhūtena attanā viharati. Idha katamaṃ tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, puggalaṃ katamāya parisāya bahulaṃ samanupassasi– yā cāyaṃ parisā sārattarattā maṇikuṇḍalesu puttabhariyaṃ pariyesati dāsidāsaṃ pariyesati khettavatthuṃ pariyesati jātarūparajataṃ pariyesati, yā cāyaṃ parisā asārattarattā maṇikuṇḍalesu puttabhariyaṃ pahāya dāsidāsaṃ pahāya khettavatthuṃ pahāya jātarūparajataṃ pahāya agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitā”ti?
“Yvāyaṃ bho udena, puggalo nevattantapo nāttaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto na parantapo na paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto so anattantapo aparantapo diṭṭheva dhamme nicchāto nibbuto sītībhūto sukhappaṭisaṃvedī brahmabhūtena attanā viharati; imāhaṃ puggalaṃ yāyaṃ parisā asārattarattā maṇikuṇḍalesu puttabhariyaṃ pahāya dāsidāsaṃ pahāya khettavatthuṃ pahāya jātarūparajataṃ pahāya agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitā imissaṃ parisāyaṃ bahulaṃ samanupassāmī”ti.
“Idāneva kho pana te, brāhmaṇa, bhāsitaṃ– ‘mayaṃ evaṃ ājānāma– ambho samaṇa, natthi dhammiko paribbajo, evaṃ me ettha hoti. Tañca kho bhavantarūpānaṃ vā adassanā, yo vā panettha dhammo’”ti. “Addhā mesā, bho udena, sānuggahā vācā bhāsitā. ‘Atthi dhammiko paribbajo’– evaṃ me ettha hoti. Evañca pana maṃ bhavaṃ udeno dhāretu. Ye ca me bhotā udenena cattāro puggalā saṃkhittena vuttā vitthārena avibhattā, sādhu me bhavaṃ, udeno ime cattāro puggale vitthārena vibhajatu anukampaṃ upādāyā”ti. “Tena hi, brāhmaṇa, suṇāhi, sādhukaṃ manasi karohi, bhāsissāmī”ti. “Evaṃ, bho”ti kho ghoṭamukho brāhmaṇo āyasmato udenassa paccassosi. Āyasmā udeno etadavoca–
415. “Katamo ca, brāhmaṇa, puggalo attantapo attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto? Idha, brāhmaṇa, ekacco puggalo acelako hoti muttācāro hatthāpalekhano na-ehibhaddantiko natiṭṭhabhaddantiko, nābhihaṭaṃ na uddissakataṃ na nimantanaṃ sādiyati. So na kumbhimukhā paṭiggaṇhāti, na kaḷopimukhā paṭiggaṇhāti, na eḷakamantaraṃ, na daṇḍamantaraṃ, na musalamantaraṃ, na dvinnaṃ bhuñjamānānaṃ, na gabbhiniyā, na pāyamānāya na purisantaragatāya, na saṅkittīsu, na yattha sā upaṭṭhito hoti, na yattha makkhikā saṇḍasaṇḍacārinī, na macchaṃ na maṃsaṃ, na suraṃ na merayaṃ na thusodakaṃ pivati. So ekāgāriko vā hoti ekālopiko, dvāgāriko vā hoti dvālopiko …pe… sattāgāriko vā hoti sattālopiko; ekissāpi dattiyā yāpeti, dvīhipi dattīhi yāpeti …pe… sattahipi dattīhi yāpeti; ekāhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti, dvīhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti …pe… sattāhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti– iti evarūpaṃ addhamāsikaṃ pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. So sākabhakkho vā hoti, sāmākabhakkho vā hoti, nīvārabhakkho vā hoti, daddulabhakkho vā hoti haṭabhakkho vā hoti, kaṇabhakkho vā hoti, ācāmabhakkho vā hoti, piññākabhakkho vā hoti, tiṇabhakkho vā hoti, gomayabhakkho vā hoti, vanamūlaphalāhāro yāpeti pavattaphalabhojī. So sāṇānipi dhāreti, masāṇānipi dhāreti, chavadussānipi dhāreti, paṃsukūlānipi dhāreti, tirīṭānipi dhāreti, ajinampi dhāreti, ajinakkhipampi dhāreti, kusacīrampi dhāreti, vākacīrampi dhāreti, phalakacīrampi dhāreti, kesakambalampi dhāreti, vāḷakambalampi dhāreti, ulūkapakkhampi dhāreti; kesamassulocakopi hoti kesamassulocanānuyogamanuyutto ubbhaṭṭhakopi hoti āsanapaṭikkhitto, ukkuṭikopi hoti ukkuṭikappadhānamanuyutto, kaṇṭakāpassayikopi hoti kaṇṭakāpassaye seyyaṃ kappeti; sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharati– iti evarūpaṃ anekavihitaṃ kāyassa ātāpanaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, puggalo attantapo attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto.
416. “Katamo ca, brāhmaṇa, puggalo parantapo paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto? Idha, brāhmaṇa, ekacco puggalo orabbhiko hoti sūkariko sākuṇiko māgaviko luddo macchaghātako coro coraghātako goghātako bandhanāgāriko– ye vā panaññepi keci kurūrakammantā. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, puggalo parantapo paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto.
417. “Katamo ca, brāhmaṇa, puggalo attantapo ca attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto, parantapo ca paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto? Idha, brāhmaṇa, ekacco puggalo rājā vā hoti khattiyo muddhāvasitto, brāhmaṇo vā mahāsālo. So puratthimena nagarassa navaṃ santhāgāraṃ kārāpetvā kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kharājinaṃ nivāsetvā sappitelena kāyaṃ abbhañjitvā magavisāṇena piṭṭhiṃ kaṇḍuvamāno navaṃ santhāgāraṃ pavisati saddhiṃ mahesiyā brāhmaṇena ca purohitena. So tattha anantarahitāya bhūmiyā haritupalittāya seyyaṃ kappeti. Ekissāya gāviyā sarūpavacchāya yaṃ ekasmiṃ thane khīraṃ hoti tena rājā yāpeti, yaṃ dutiyasmiṃ thane khīraṃ hoti tena mahesī yāpeti, yaṃ tatiyasmiṃ thane khīraṃ hoti tena brāhmaṇo purohito yāpeti, yaṃ catutthasmiṃ thane khīraṃ hoti tena aggiṃ juhati, avasesena vacchako yāpeti. So evamāha– ‘ettakā usabhā haññantu yaññatthāya, ettakā vacchatarā haññantu yaññatthāya, ettakā vacchatariyo haññantu yaññatthāya, ettakā ajā haññantu yaññatthāya’, ettakā urabbhā haññantu yaññatthāya, ettakā assā haññantu yaññatthāya, ettakā rukkhā chijjantu yūpatthāya, ettakā dabbhā lūyantu barihisatthāyā’ti. Yepissa te honti ‘dāsā’ti vā ‘pessā’ti vā ‘kammakarā’ti vā tepi daṇḍatajjitā bhayatajjitā assumukhā rudamānā parikammāni karonti. Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, puggalo attantapo ca attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto parantapo ca paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto.
418. “Katamo ca, brāhmaṇa, puggalo nevattantapo nāttaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto, na parantapo na paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto; so anattantapo aparantapo diṭṭheva dhamme nicchāto nibbuto sītībhūto sukhappaṭisaṃvedī brahmabhūtena attanā viharati? Idha, brāhmaṇa, tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā. So imaṃ lokaṃ sadevakaṃ samārakaṃ sabrahmakaṃ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajaṃ sadevamanussaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Taṃ dhammaṃ suṇāti gahapati vā gahapatiputto vā aññatarasmiṃ vā kule paccājāto. So taṃ dhammaṃ sutvā tathāgate saddhaṃ paṭilabhati. So tena saddhāpaṭilābhena samannāgato iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘sambādho gharāvāso rajopatho abbhokāso pabbajjā. Nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajeyyan’ti. So aparena samayena appaṃ vā bhogakkhandhaṃ pahāya mahantaṃ vā bhogakkhandhaṃ pahāya, appaṃ vā ñātiparivaṭṭaṃ pahāya mahantaṃ vā ñātiparivaṭṭaṃ pahāya, kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati. So evaṃ pabbajito samāno bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho lajjī dayāpanno sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharati.
“Adinnādānaṃ pahāya adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti dinnādāyī dinnapāṭikaṅkhī. Athenena sucibhūtena attanā viharati.
“Abrahmacariyaṃ pahāya brahmacārī hoti ārācārī virato methunā gāmadhammā.
“Musāvādaṃ pahāya musāvādā paṭivirato hoti saccavādī saccasandho theto paccayiko avisaṃvādako lokassa.
“Pisuṇaṃ vācaṃ pahāya pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti; ito sutvā na amutra akkhātā imesaṃ bhedāya, amutra vā sutvā na imesaṃ akkhātā amūsaṃ bhedāya. Iti bhinnānaṃ vā sandhātā sahitānaṃ vā anuppadātā, samaggārāmo samaggarato samagganandī samaggakaraṇiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti.
“Pharusaṃ vācaṃ pahāya pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti. Yā sā vācā nelā kaṇṇasukhā pemanīyā hadayaṅgamā porī bahujanakantā bahujanamanāpā tathārūpiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti.
“Samphappalāpaṃ pahāya samphappalāpā paṭivirato hoti, kālavādī bhūtavādī atthavādī dhammavādī vinayavādī, nidhānavatiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā kālena sāpadesaṃ pariyantavatiṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ.
“So bījagāmabhūtagāmasamārambhā paṭivirato hoti Ekabhattiko hoti rattūparato virato vikālabhojanā. Naccagītavāditavisūkadassanā paṭivirato hoti. Mālāgandhavilepanadhāraṇamaṇḍanavibhūsanaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti. Uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭivirato hoti. Jātarūparajatapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti. Āmakadhaññapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti. Āmakamaṃsapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti. Itthikumārikapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti. Dāsidāsapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti. Ajeḷakapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti. Kukkuṭasūkarapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti. Hatthigavassavaḷavapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti. Khettavatthupaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti. Dūteyyapahiṇagamanānuyogā paṭivirato hoti. Kayavikkayā paṭivirato hoti. Tulākūṭakaṃsakūṭamānakūṭā paṭivirato hoti. Ukkoṭanavañcananikatisāciyogā paṭivirato hoti. Chedanavadhabandhanaviparāmosa-ālopasahasākārā paṭivirato hoti.
“So santuṭṭho hoti kāyaparihārikena cīvarena, kucchiparihārikena piṇḍapātena. So yena yeneva pakkamati samādāyeva pakkamati. Seyyathāpi nāma pakkhī sakuṇo yena yeneva ḍeti sapattabhārova ḍeti, evameva bhikkhu santuṭṭho hoti kāyaparihārikena cīvarena, kucchiparihārikena piṇḍapātena. So yena yeneva pakkamati samādāyeva pakkamati. So iminā ariyena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato ajjhattaṃ anavajjasukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti.
419. “So cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā …pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāyana na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ manindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati manindriyaṃ, manindriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. So iminā ariyena indriyasaṃvarena samannāgato ajjhattaṃ abyāsekasukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti.
“So abhikkante paṭikkante sampajānakārī hoti, ālokite vilokite sampajānakārī hoti, samiñjite pasārite sampajānakārī hoti, saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇe sampajānakārī hoti, asite pīte khāyite sāyite sampajānakārī hoti, uccārapassāvakamme sampajānakārī hoti, gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārī hoti.
“So iminā ca ariyena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato, (imāya ca ariyāya santuṭṭhiyā samannāgato,) iminā ca ariyena indriyasaṃvarena samannāgato, iminā ca ariyena satisampajaññena samannāgato vivittaṃ senāsanaṃ bhajati araññaṃ rukkhamūlaṃ pabbataṃ kandaraṃ giriguhaṃ susānaṃ vanapatthaṃ abbhokāsaṃ palālapuñjaṃ. So pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā, ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya, parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. So abhijjhaṃ loke pahāya vigatābhijjhena cetasā viharati, abhijjhāya cittaṃ parisodheti; byāpādapadosaṃ pahāya abyāpannacitto viharati sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī, byāpādapadosā cittaṃ parisodheti; thinamiddhaṃ pahāya vigatathīnamiddho viharati ālokasaññī sato sampajāno, thīnamiddhā cittaṃ parisodheti; uddhaccakukkuccaṃ pahāya anuddhato viharati ajjhattaṃ vūpasantacitto, uddhaccakukkuccā cittaṃ parisodheti; vicikicchaṃ pahāya tiṇṇavicikiccho viharati akathaṃkathī kusalesu dhammesu, vicikicchāya cittaṃ parisodheti.
“So ime pañca nīvaraṇe pahāya cetaso upakkilese paññāya dubbalīkaraṇe vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati sato ca sampajāno, sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti – ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā, pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā, adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.
420. “So evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāya cittaṃ abhininnāmeti. So anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, seyyathidaṃ– ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattālīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi, anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe– ‘amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto; so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto; so tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti. Iti sākāraṃ sa-uddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati.
“So evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte sattānaṃ cutūpapātañāṇāya cittaṃ abhininnāmeti. So dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti – ‘ime vata bhonto sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā …pe… ariyānaṃ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā. Ime vā pana bhonto sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā …pe… ariyānaṃ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā, te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā’ti. Iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti.
“So evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte āsavānaṃ khayañāṇāya cittaṃ abhininnāmeti. So ‘idaṃ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti; ‘ime āsavā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ āsavasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ āsavanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ āsavanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Tassa evaṃ jānato evaṃ passato kāmāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati, bhavāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati, avijjāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati. Vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti.
“Ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, puggalo nevattantapo nāttaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto, na parantapo na paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto. So anattantapo aparantapo diṭṭheva dhamme nicchāto nibbuto sītībhūto sukhappaṭisaṃvedī brahmabhūtena attanā viharatī”ti.
421. Evaṃ vutte, ghoṭamukho brāhmaṇo āyasmantaṃ udenaṃ etadavoca– “abhikkantaṃ, bho udena, abhikkantaṃ, bho udena! Seyyathāpi, bho udena, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya– cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantīti– evamevaṃ bhotā udenena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ bhavantaṃ udenaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ udeno dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gatan”ti. “Mā kho maṃ tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, saraṇaṃ agamāsi. Tameva bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāhi yamahaṃ saraṇaṃ gato”ti. “Kahaṃ pana, bho udena, etarahi so bhavaṃ gotamo viharati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho”ti? “Parinibbuto kho, brāhmaṇa, etarahi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho”ti.
“Sacepi mayaṃ, bho udena, suṇeyyāma taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dasasu yojanesu, dasapi mayaṃ yojanāni gaccheyyāma taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ. Sacepi mayaṃ, bho udena, suṇeyyāma taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ vīsatiyā yojanesu… tiṃsāya yojanesu… cattārīsāya yojanesu… paññāsāya yojanesu, paññāsampi mayaṃ yojanāni gaccheyyāma taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ. Yojanasate cepi mayaṃ bho udena, suṇeyyāma taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ, yojanasatampi mayaṃ gaccheyyāma taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ.
“Yato ca kho, bho udena, parinibbuto so bhavaṃ gotamo, parinibbutampi mayaṃ taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāma dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ udeno dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gataṃ. Atthi ca me, bho udena, aṅgarājā devasikaṃ niccabhikkhaṃ dadāti tato ahaṃ bhoto udenassa ekaṃ niccabhikkhaṃ dadāmī”ti. “Kiṃ pana te, brāhmaṇa, aṅgarājā devasikaṃ niccabhikkhaṃ dadātī”ti? “Pañca, bho udena, kahāpaṇasatānī”ti. “Na kho no, brāhmaṇa, kappati jātarūparajataṃ paṭiggahetun”ti. “Sace taṃ bhoto udenassa na kappati vihāraṃ bhoto udenassa kārāpessāmī”ti. “Sace kho me tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, vihāraṃ, kārāpetukāmo, pāṭaliputte saṅghassa upaṭṭhānasālaṃ kārāpehī”ti. “Imināpāhaṃ bhoto udenassa bhiyyosomattāya attamano abhiraddho yaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ udeno saṅghe dāne samādapeti. Esāhaṃ, bho udena, etissā ca niccabhikkhāya aparāya ca niccabhikkhāya pāṭaliputte saṅghassa upaṭṭhānasālaṃ kārāpessāmī”ti. Atha kho ghoṭamukho brāhmaṇo etissā ca niccabhikkhāya aparāya ca niccabhikkhāya pāṭaliputte saṅghassa upaṭṭhānasālaṃ kārāpesi. Sā etarahi ‘ghoṭamukhī’ti vuccatīti.
Ghoṭamukhasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ catutthaṃ.