第一千零七十六章 阿萨罗衍经
中部93经/阿萨罗衍经(婆罗门品[10])
这是我亲身听闻到的。一时,世尊住舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,约有五百位来自不同国家的婆罗门住在舍卫城(婆罗门解释:意译净行、梵行、梵志、承习。印度四姓中,最上位之僧侣、学者阶级。为古印度一切知识之垄断者,自认为印度社会之最胜种姓),为办某事。这些婆罗门想到:"这位沙门乔达摩宣称四姓皆可清净。谁能与沙门乔达摩就此言论辩驳呢(沙门解释:出家修行人)?"
那时,有一名叫阿萨罗衍的年轻人住在舍卫城。他年少聪颖,刚满十六岁,通晓三吠陀,精通词句、音韵、语源学及古传说为第五的学问。他是一位语法学家和论述家,对世间学说和大人相毫无疑问。
那些婆罗门想:"这位名叫阿萨罗衍的年轻人住在舍卫城。他年少聪颖,刚满十六岁,通晓三吠陀......对世间学说和大人相毫无疑问。他能与沙门乔达摩就此言论辩驳。"
于是,那些婆罗门来到阿萨罗衍年轻人处,对他说:"阿萨罗衍贤者,这位沙门乔达摩宣称四姓皆可清净。请阿萨罗衍贤者前去与沙门乔达摩就此言论辩驳。"
阿萨罗衍年轻人对那些婆罗门说:"诸位,沙门乔达摩是说法者。说法者是难以辩驳的。我不能与沙门乔达摩就此言论辩驳。"
婆罗门们第二次对阿萨罗衍年轻人说:"阿萨罗衍贤者,这位沙门乔达摩宣称四姓皆可清净。请阿萨罗衍贤者前去与沙门乔达摩就此言论辩驳。阿萨罗衍贤者已修行沙门之道。"
阿萨罗衍年轻人第二次对那些婆罗门说:"诸位,沙门乔达摩是说法者。说法者是难以辩驳的。我不能与沙门乔达摩就此言论辩驳。"
婆罗门们第三次对阿萨罗衍年轻人说:"阿萨罗衍贤者,这位沙门乔达摩宣称四姓皆可清净。请阿萨罗衍贤者前去与沙门乔达摩就此言论辩驳。阿萨罗衍贤者已修行沙门之道。不要让阿萨罗衍贤者不战而败。"
阿萨罗衍年轻人对那些婆罗门说:"诸位,我确实无法拒绝。沙门乔达摩是说法者。说法者是难以辩驳的。我不能与沙门乔达摩就此言论辩驳。不过,我会按照诸位的要求前去。"
于是,阿萨罗衍年轻人与一大群婆罗门一起来到世尊处。来到后,与世尊互相问候。寒暄已毕,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的阿萨罗衍年轻人对世尊说:"乔达摩先生,婆罗门们这样说:'唯有婆罗门种姓最高贵,其他种姓低贱;唯有婆罗门种姓肤色白皙,其他种姓肤色黝黑;唯有婆罗门种姓清净,非婆罗门不清净;唯有婆罗门是梵天之子(梵天解释,见第八百零五章),从梵天口中生,从梵天化生(化生解释:本无而忽生之意。即无所依托,借业力而出现者。凡化生者,不缺诸根支分,死亦不留其遗形,即所谓顿生而顿灭,故于四生中亦最胜。化生者,皆以爱染当生处而受其生),是梵天的继承人。'乔达摩先生对此作何评论?"
"阿萨罗衍,我们可以看到婆罗门的妻子有月经,怀孕,生产,哺乳。但是那些从婆罗门女人子宫中生出的婆罗门却说:'唯有婆罗门种姓最高贵,其他种姓低贱;唯有婆罗门种姓肤色白皙,其他种姓肤色黝黑;唯有婆罗门种姓清净,非婆罗门不清净;唯有婆罗门是梵天之子,从梵天口中生,从梵天化生,是梵天的继承人。'"
"虽然乔达摩先生如此说,但婆罗门们仍然认为:'唯有婆罗门种姓最高贵,其他种姓低贱......是梵天的继承人。'"
"阿萨罗衍,你怎么看?你是否听说过,在希腊、甘菩遮等边远地区只有两个种姓:主人和奴隶,而且主人可以变成奴隶,奴隶可以变成主人?"
"是的,先生,我听说过在希腊、甘菩遮等边远地区只有两个种姓:主人和奴隶,而且主人可以变成奴隶,奴隶可以变成主人。"
"阿萨罗衍,在这种情况下,婆罗门们有什么力量,有什么依靠,让他们说:'唯有婆罗门种姓最高贵,其他种姓低贱......是梵天的继承人'?"
"虽然乔达摩先生如此说,但婆罗门们仍然认为:'唯有婆罗门种姓最高贵,其他种姓低贱......是梵天的继承人。'"
"阿萨罗衍,你怎么看?是否只有刹帝利种姓杀生、偷盗、邪淫、妄语、两舌、恶口、绮语、贪欲、嗔恨、邪见,死后会堕入恶趣、苦界、地狱,而婆罗门种姓不会(刹帝利解释:意译地主、王种。略作刹利。乃印度四姓阶级中之第二阶级,地位仅次于婆罗门,乃王族、贵族、士族所属之阶级,系从事军事、政治者。释尊即出身此阶级;邪淫解释:没有结婚就发生男女关系,或者不正当的性行为;妄语解释:虚假不真实的言语;两舌解释:说挑拨离间的言语,破坏别人和睦的关系;恶口解释:说粗暴粗俗咒骂的言语;绮语解释:说毫无意义不正经的言语;嗔恨解释:愤怒怨恨;邪见解释:不正确的见解)?或者说,吠舍种姓......首陀罗种姓杀生、偷盗、邪淫、妄语、两舌、恶口、绮语、贪欲、嗔恨、邪见,死后会堕入恶趣、苦界、地狱,而婆罗门种姓不会(吠舍解释:印度四姓之一,即商人的族姓;首陀罗解释:略称首陀。为印度四姓中地位最低之奴隶阶级。从事担死人、除粪、养鸡猪、捕猎、屠杀、沽酒、兵伍等卑贱职务。乃雅利安人所征服之土著,随着婆罗门文化之隆盛而备受压迫,亦无任何宗教特权,并受传统婆罗门教轻蔑为无来生之贱民,故称为一生族。释尊对此主张四姓平等,并允许首陀罗阶级出家)?"
"不是这样的,乔达摩先生。刹帝利种姓如果杀生、偷盗、邪淫、妄语、两舌、恶口、绮语、贪欲、嗔恨、邪见,死后也会堕入恶趣、苦界、地狱。婆罗门种姓......吠舍种姓......首陀罗种姓也是如此。实际上,乔达摩先生,所有四个种姓如果杀生、偷盗、邪淫、妄语、两舌、恶口、绮语、贪欲、嗔恨、邪见,死后都会堕入恶趣、苦界、地狱。"
"阿萨罗衍,在这种情况下,婆罗门们有什么力量,有什么依靠,让他们说:'唯有婆罗门种姓最高贵,其他种姓低贱......是梵天的继承人'?"
"虽然乔达摩先生如此说,但婆罗门们仍然认为:'唯有婆罗门种姓最高贵,其他种姓低贱......是梵天的继承人。'"
"阿萨罗衍,你怎么看?是否只有婆罗门种姓能够远离杀生、偷盗、邪淫、妄语、两舌、恶口、绮语,无贪欲、无嗔恨、正见,死后能生善趣、天界(善趣解释:谓由善之业因而趣往之所在,即指天界等。又称善处、善道。相对于恶趣、恶处、恶道;天界解释:又名天道,六道之一。与天趣同。欲界有六重之天,并色界无色界之诸天是也。其依处在诸趣之顶,故谓之天。身有光明,故谓之天。果报最胜,故谓之天。为有情轮回之道途,故谓之道,趣者所趣向也。自然之道,法尔之理,谓之天道,与儒言天道同),而刹帝利、吠舍、首陀罗种姓不能?"
"不是这样的,乔达摩先生。刹帝利种姓如果远离杀生、偷盗、邪淫、妄语、两舌、恶口、绮语,无贪欲、无嗔恨、正见,死后也能生善趣、天界。婆罗门种姓......吠舍种姓......首陀罗种姓也是如此。实际上,乔达摩先生,所有四个种姓如果远离杀生、偷盗、邪淫、妄语、两舌、恶口、绮语,无贪欲、无嗔恨、正见,死后都能生善趣、天界。"
"阿萨罗衍,在这种情况下,婆罗门们有什么力量,有什么依靠,让他们说:'唯有婆罗门种姓最高贵,其他种姓低贱......是梵天的继承人'?"
"虽然乔达摩先生如此说,但婆罗门们仍然认为:'唯有婆罗门种姓最高贵,其他种姓低贱......是梵天的继承人。'"
"阿萨罗衍,你怎么看?只有婆罗门种姓能在这个地方修习无怨恨、无恶意的慈心,而刹帝利、吠舍、首陀罗种姓不能吗?"
"不是这样的,乔达摩先生。刹帝利种姓也能在这个地方修习无怨恨、无恶意的慈心。婆罗门种姓......吠舍种姓......首陀罗种姓也是如此。实际上,乔达摩先生,所有四个种姓都能在这个地方修习无怨恨、无恶意的慈心。"
"阿萨罗衍,在这种情况下,婆罗门们有什么力量,有什么依靠,让他们说:'唯有婆罗门种姓最高贵,其他种姓低贱......是梵天的继承人'?"
"虽然乔达摩先生如此说,但婆罗门们仍然认为:'唯有婆罗门种姓最高贵,其他种姓低贱......是梵天的继承人。'"
"阿萨罗衍,你怎么看?只有婆罗门种姓能拿着沐浴用品去河边洗浴,洗去身上的尘垢,而刹帝利、吠舍、首陀罗种姓不能吗?"
"不是这样的,乔达摩先生。刹帝利种姓也能拿着沐浴用品去河边洗浴,洗去身上的尘垢。婆罗门种姓......吠舍种姓......首陀罗种姓也是如此。实际上,乔达摩先生,所有四个种姓都能拿着沐浴用品去河边洗浴,洗去身上的尘垢。"
"阿萨罗衍,在这种情况下,婆罗门们有什么力量,有什么依靠,让他们说:'唯有婆罗门种姓最高贵,其他种姓低贱......是梵天的继承人'?"
"虽然乔达摩先生如此说,但婆罗门们仍然认为:'唯有婆罗门种姓最高贵,其他种姓低贱......是梵天的继承人。'"
"阿萨罗衍,你怎么看?假设有一位灌顶即位的刹帝利国王召集了一百个不同种姓的人:'诸位,请来自刹帝利家族、婆罗门家族、贵族家族的人拿着沙罗木、沙拉树木、檀香木、莲花茎的钻木取火,生火并显示火焰。诸位,请来自旃陀罗家族(旃陀罗解释:梵语之音译。又作旃荼罗、栴荼罗。意译为严炽、暴厉、执恶、险恶人、执暴恶人、主杀人、治狗人等。印度社会阶级种姓制度中,居于首陀罗阶级之下位者,乃最下级之种族,彼等专事狱卒、贩卖、屠宰、渔猎等职。根据摩奴法典所载,旃陀罗系指以首陀罗为父、婆罗门为母之混血种)、猎人家族、竹匠家族、车匠家族、清洁工家族的人拿着狗食盆、猪食盆或洗衣盆中的木材或蓖麻木的钻木取火,生火并显示火焰。'
阿萨罗衍,你怎么看?是否只有刹帝利家族、婆罗门家族、贵族家族的人用沙罗木、沙拉树木、檀香木、莲花茎生出的火才有火焰、颜色和光明,只有这种火才能用于火的用途?而旃陀罗家族、猎人家族、竹匠家族、车匠家族、清洁工家族的人用狗食盆、猪食盆或洗衣盆中的木材或蓖麻木生出的火就没有火焰、颜色和光明,不能用于火的用途?"
"不是这样的,乔达摩先生。无论是刹帝利家族、婆罗门家族、贵族家族的人用沙罗木、沙拉树木、檀香木、莲花茎生出的火,还是旃陀罗家族、猎人家族、竹匠家族、车匠家族、清洁工家族的人用狗食盆、猪食盆或洗衣盆中的木材或蓖麻木生出的火,都有火焰、颜色和光明,都能用于火的用途。实际上,乔达摩先生,所有的火都有火焰、颜色和光明,都能用于火的用途。"
"阿萨罗衍,在这种情况下,婆罗门们有什么力量,有什么依靠,让他们说:'唯有婆罗门种姓最高贵,其他种姓低贱;唯有婆罗门种姓肤色白皙,其他种姓肤色黝黑;唯有婆罗门种姓清净,非婆罗门不清净;唯有婆罗门是梵天之子,从梵天口中生,从梵天化生,是梵天的继承人'?"
"虽然乔达摩先生如此说,但婆罗门们仍然认为:'唯有婆罗门种姓最高贵,其他种姓低贱......是梵天的继承人。'"
"阿萨罗衍,你怎么看?假如一个刹帝利青年与一个婆罗门少女结合,他们生下一个孩子。这个由刹帝利青年和婆罗门少女所生的孩子,是否既像母亲又像父亲?他应该被称为'刹帝利'还是'婆罗门'?"
"乔达摩先生,这个由刹帝利青年和婆罗门少女所生的孩子,既像母亲又像父亲。他既可以被称为'刹帝利',也可以被称为'婆罗门'。"
"阿萨罗衍,你怎么看?假如一个婆罗门青年与一个刹帝利少女结合,他们生下一个孩子。这个由婆罗门青年和刹帝利少女所生的孩子,是否既像母亲又像父亲?他应该被称为'刹帝利'还是'婆罗门'?"
"乔达摩先生,这个由婆罗门青年和刹帝利少女所生的孩子,既像母亲又像父亲。他既可以被称为'刹帝利',也可以被称为'婆罗门'。"
"阿萨罗衍,你怎么看?假如一匹母马与一头公驴交配,生下一头骡子。这头由母马和公驴所生的骡子,是否既像母亲又像父亲?它应该被称为'马'还是'驴'?"
"乔达摩先生,它是杂种,是一头骡子。我看出它与前面两个例子有所不同,但在前面两个例子中,我看不出有什么区别。"
"阿萨罗衍,你怎么看?假设有两个兄弟,都是婆罗门学生。一个精通经典并受过祭司教育,另一个不精通经典也没受过祭司教育。在这种情况下,婆罗门们会先供养谁——在祭祀、祭品、宴会或宾客招待时?"
"乔达摩先生,在这种情况下,婆罗门们会先供养精通经典并受过祭司教育的那个。因为,乔达摩先生,供养给不精通经典也没受过祭司教育的人,怎么会有大果报呢?"
"阿萨罗衍,你怎么看?假设有两个兄弟,都是婆罗门学生。一个精通经典并受过祭司教育,但品行不端、行为恶劣;另一个不精通经典也没受过祭司教育,但品行端正、行为良好。在这种情况下,婆罗门们会先供养谁——在祭祀、祭品、宴会或宾客招待时?"
"乔达摩先生,在这种情况下,婆罗门们会先供养不精通经典也没受过祭司教育,但品行端正、行为良好的那个。因为,乔达摩先生,供养给品行不端、行为恶劣的人,怎么会有大果报呢?"
"阿萨罗衍,你先是依据出身,然后依据经典,再依据苦行,现在你又回到我所说的四种净化。"
听到这话,阿萨罗衍年轻人沉默不语,羞愧难当,肩膀下垂,低头沉思,无言以对。
世尊见阿萨罗衍年轻人沉默不语,羞愧难当,肩膀下垂,低头沉思,无言以对,就对他说:"阿萨罗衍,从前有七位婆罗门仙人住在森林中的叶屋里。他们产生了这样一种邪见:'唯有婆罗门种姓最高贵,其他种姓低贱......是梵天的继承人。'阿萨罗衍,阿西陀·提婆罗仙人听说:'七位婆罗门仙人住在森林中的叶屋里,产生了这样一种邪见:唯有婆罗门种姓最高贵......是梵天的继承人。'
"阿萨罗衍,阿西陀·提婆罗仙人就剃了头发和胡须,穿上红褐色的衣服,穿上木屐,拿着金杖,出现在七位婆罗门仙人的住处。阿萨罗衍,阿西陀·提婆罗仙人在七位婆罗门仙人的住处来回走动,说:'这些尊贵的婆罗门仙人们到哪里去了?这些尊贵的婆罗门仙人们到哪里去了?'
"阿萨罗衍,七位婆罗门仙人心想:'这是谁,像个村夫一样在我们的住处来回走动,说"这些尊贵的婆罗门仙人们到哪里去了?这些尊贵的婆罗门仙人们到哪里去了?"让我们诅咒他吧。'于是,阿萨罗衍,七位婆罗门仙人诅咒阿西陀·提婆罗仙人说:'贱民,变成灰吧!贱民,变成灰吧!'但是,阿萨罗衍,七位婆罗门仙人越是诅咒阿西陀·提婆罗仙人,阿西陀·提婆罗仙人就变得越发英俊、庄严、令人喜爱。
"阿萨罗衍,七位婆罗门仙人心想:'我们的苦行是徒劳的,我们的梵行没有结果。以前我们诅咒别人"贱民,变成灰吧!贱民,变成灰吧!",他们就变成灰。但是我们越是诅咒这个人,他就变得越发英俊、庄严、令人喜爱。'
"'你们的苦行不是徒劳的,你们的梵行不是没有结果。请放下对我的敌意吧。'
"'我们放下对您的敌意。您是谁呢?'
"'你们听说过阿西陀·提婆罗仙人吗?'
"'是的,先生。'
"'诸位,我就是他。'
"然后,阿萨罗衍,七位婆罗门仙人前去向阿西陀·提婆罗仙人行礼。
"阿萨罗衍,阿西陀·提婆罗仙人对七位婆罗门仙人说:'诸位,我听说七位婆罗门仙人住在森林中的叶屋里,产生了这样一种邪见:"唯有婆罗门种姓最高贵,其他种姓低贱;唯有婆罗门种姓肤色白皙,其他种姓肤色黝黑;唯有婆罗门种姓清净,非婆罗门不清净;唯有婆罗门是梵天之子,从梵天口中生,从梵天化生,是梵天的继承人。"这是真的吗?'
"'是的,先生。'
"'诸位知道你们的母亲只与婆罗门交往,不与非婆罗门交往吗?'
"'不知道,先生。'
"'诸位知道你们的母亲的母亲,直到第七代祖母,只与婆罗门交往,不与非婆罗门交往吗?'
"'不知道,先生。'
"'诸位知道你们的父亲只与婆罗门女子交往,不与非婆罗门女子交往吗?'
"'不知道,先生。'
"'诸位知道你们的父亲的父亲,直到第七代祖父,只与婆罗门女子交往,不与非婆罗门女子交往吗?'
"'不知道,先生。'
"'诸位知道受孕是如何发生的吗?'
"'我们知道,先生。受孕是这样发生的:父母交合,母亲正值易孕期,而且有干闼婆(干闼婆解释:这不是有什么无形的精灵站在旁边看着未来的父母性交,而是一个由于在那时将被再生而被业力机制驱动的生命。这个外来字在尼柯耶中并未被解说,在阿含经中用的是“识”,这样,我们可以认定干闼婆是指带着过去业力累积与个人杂染的“识流”。“在那时进入的众生,到达那里的众生”)在场。这三个条件具备时,受孕就会发生。'
"'诸位知道那个干闼婆究竟是刹帝利、婆罗门、吠舍还是首陀罗吗?'
"'先生,我们不知道那个干闼婆究竟是刹帝利、婆罗门、吠舍还是首陀罗。'
"'既然如此,诸位知道你们是什么吗?'
"'既然如此,先生,我们不知道我们是什么。'
"阿萨罗衍,那七位婆罗门仙人被阿西陀·提婆罗仙人用他们自己的种姓论询问、追究、质疑时,竟无法自圆其说。那么你现在怎能在我用你自己的种姓论询问、追究、质疑时自圆其说呢?你和你的老师普那甚至连一个汤勺都端不起来。"
听到这番话,阿萨罗衍年轻人对世尊说:"太奇妙了,乔达摩先生!太奇妙了,乔达摩先生!就像有人扶起摔倒的,揭示被隐藏的,为迷路者指明道路,在黑暗中举起油灯,让有眼之人得以看见。同样地,乔达摩先生以种种方便开示了法。我皈依乔达摩先生、法和僧团。愿乔达摩先生接受我为优婆塞,从今日起终生皈依。"
《阿萨罗衍经》结束。
巴利语原版经文
MN.93/(3) Assalāyanasuttaṃ
401. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena nānāverajjakānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ pañcamattāni brāhmaṇasatāni sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasanti kenacideva karaṇīyena. Atha kho tesaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ etadahosi– “ayaṃ kho samaṇo gotamo cātuvaṇṇiṃ suddhiṃ paññapeti. Ko nu kho pahoti samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetun”ti? Tena kho pana samayena assalāyano nāma māṇavo sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasati daharo, vuttasiro, soḷasavassuddesiko jātiyā, tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ, padako, veyyākaraṇo, lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo. Atha kho tesaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ etadahosi– “ayaṃ kho assalāyano māṇavo sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasati daharo, vuttasiro, soḷasavassuddesiko jātiyā, tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū …pe… anavayo. So kho pahoti samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetun”ti.
Atha kho te brāhmaṇā yena assalāyano māṇavo tenupaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā assalāyanaṃ māṇavaṃ etadavocuṃ– “ayaṃ, bho assalāyana samaṇo gotamo cātuvaṇṇiṃ suddhiṃ paññapeti. Etu bhavaṃ assalāyano samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetū”ti.
Evaṃ vutte, assalāyano māṇavo te brāhmaṇe etadavoca “samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo dhammavādī; dhammavādino ca pana duppaṭimantiyā bhavanti. Nāhaṃ sakkomi samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetun”ti. Dutiyampi kho te brāhmaṇā assalāyanaṃ māṇavaṃ etadavocuṃ– “ayaṃ, bho assalāyana, samaṇo gotamo cātuvaṇṇiṃ suddhiṃ paññapeti. Etu bhavaṃ assalāyano samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetu. Caritaṃ kho pana bhotā assalāyanena paribbājakan”ti. Dutiyampi kho assalāyano māṇavo te brāhmaṇe etadavoca– “samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo dhammavādī; dhammavādino ca pana duppaṭimantiyā bhavanti Nāhaṃ sakkomi samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetun”ti. Tatiyampi kho te brāhmaṇā assalāyanaṃ māṇavaṃ etadavocuṃ– “ayaṃ, bho assalāyana, samaṇo gotamo cātuvaṇṇiṃ suddhiṃ paññapeti. Etu bhavaṃ assalāyano samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetu. Caritaṃ kho pana bhotā assalāyanena paribbājakaṃ. Mā bhavaṃ assalāyano ayuddhaparājitaṃ parājayī”ti.
Evaṃ vutte, assalāyano māṇavo te brāhmaṇe etadavoca– “addhā kho ahaṃ bhavanto na labhāmi. Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo dhammavādī; dhammavādino ca pana duppaṭimantiyā bhavanti. Nāhaṃ sakkomi samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetunti. Api cāhaṃ bhavantānaṃ vacanena gamissāmī”ti.
402. Atha kho assalāyano māṇavo mahatā brāhmaṇagaṇena saddhiṃ yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho assalāyano māṇavo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “brāhmaṇā, bho gotama, evamāhaṃsu– ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo; brāhmaṇova sukko vaṇṇo, kaṇho añño vaṇṇo; brāhmaṇova sujjhanti, no abrāhmaṇā; brāhmaṇāva brahmuno puttā orasā mukhato jātā brahmajā brahmanimmitā brahmadāyādā’ti. Idha bhavaṃ gotamo kimāhā”ti? “Dissanti kho pana, assalāyana, brāhmaṇānaṃ brāhmaṇiyo utuniyopi gabbhiniyopi vijāyamānāpi pāyamānāpi. Te ca brāhmaṇiyonijāva samānā evamāhaṃsu– ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo; brāhmaṇova sukko vaṇṇo, kaṇho añño vaṇṇo; brāhmaṇāva sujjhanti, no abrāhmaṇā; brāhmaṇāva brahmuno puttā orasā mukhato jātā brahmajā brahmanimmitā brahmadāyādā’”ti. “Kiñcāpi bhavaṃ gotamo evamāha, atha khvettha brāhmaṇā evametaṃ maññanti– ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo …pe… brahmadāyādā’”ti.
403. “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, assalāyana, sutaṃ te– ‘yonakambojesu aññesu ca paccantimesu janapadesu dveva vaṇṇā– ayyo ceva dāso ca; ayyo hutvā dāso hoti, dāso hutvā ayyo hotī’”ti “Evaṃ, bho, sutaṃ taṃ me– ‘yonakambojesu aññesu ca paccantimesu janapadesu dveva vaṇṇā– ayyo ceva dāso ca; ayyo hutvā dāso hoti, dāso hutvā ayyo hotī’”ti. “Ettha, assalāyana, brāhmaṇānaṃ kiṃ balaṃ, ko assāso yadettha brāhmaṇā evamāhaṃsu– ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo …pe… brahmadāyādā’”ti? “Kiñcāpi bhavaṃ gotamo evamāha, atha khvettha brāhmaṇā evametaṃ maññanti– ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo …pe… brahmadāyādā’”ti.
404. “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, assalāyana, khattiyova nu kho pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī kāmesumicchācārī musāvādī pisuṇavāco pharusavāco samphappalāpī abhijjhālu byāpannacitto micchādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyya, no brāhmaṇo? Vessova nu kho …pe… suddova nu kho pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī kāmesumicchācārī musāvādī pisuṇavāco pharusavāco samphappalāpī abhijjhālu byāpannacitto micchādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyya, no brāhmaṇo”ti? “No hidaṃ, bho gotama. Khattiyopi hi, bho gotama, pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī kāmesumicchācārī musāvādī pisuṇavāco pharusavāco samphappalāpī abhijjhālu byāpannacitto micchādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyya. Brāhmaṇopi hi, bho gotama …pe… vessopi hi, bho gotama …pe… suddopi hi, bho gotama …pe… sabbepi hi, bho gotama, cattāro vaṇṇā pāṇātipātino adinnādāyino kāmesumicchācārino musāvādino pisuṇavācā pharusavācā samphappalāpino abhijjhālū byāpannacittā micchādiṭṭhī kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyyun”ti. “Ettha, assalāyana, brāhmaṇānaṃ kiṃ balaṃ, ko assāso yadettha brāhmaṇā evamāhaṃsu– ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo …pe… brahmadāyādā’”ti? “Kiñcāpi bhavaṃ gotamo evamāha, atha khvettha brāhmaṇā evametaṃ maññanti– ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo …pe… brahmadāyādā’”ti.
405. “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, assalāyana, brāhmaṇova nu kho pāṇātipātā paṭivirato adinnādānā paṭivirato kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato musāvādā paṭivirato pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato samphappalāpā paṭivirato anabhijjhālu abyāpannacitto sammādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyya, no khattiyo no vesso, no suddo”ti? “No hidaṃ, bho gotama! Khattiyopi hi, bho gotama, pāṇātipātā paṭivirato adinnādānā paṭivirato kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato musāvādā paṭivirato pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato samphappalāpā paṭivirato anabhijjhālu abyāpannacitto sammādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyya. Brāhmaṇopi hi, bho gotama …pe… vessopi hi, bho gotama …pe… suddopi hi, bho gotama …pe… sabbepi hi, bho gotama, cattāro vaṇṇā pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā adinnādānā paṭiviratā kāmesumicchācārā paṭiviratā musāvādā paṭiviratā pisuṇāya vācāya paṭiviratā pharusāya vācāya paṭiviratā samphappalāpā paṭiviratā anabhijjhālū abyāpannacittā sammādiṭṭhī kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyyun”ti. “Ettha, assalāyana brāhmaṇānaṃ kiṃ balaṃ, ko assāso yadettha brāhmaṇā evamāhaṃsu– ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo …pe… brahmadāyādā’”ti? “Kiñcāpi bhavaṃ gotamo evamāha, atha khvettha brāhmaṇā evametaṃ maññanti – ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo …pe… brahmadāyādā’”ti.
406. “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, assalāyana, brāhmaṇova nu kho pahoti asmiṃ padese averaṃ abyābajjhaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāvetuṃ, no khattiyo, no vesso no suddo”ti? “No hidaṃ, bho gotama! Khattiyopi hi, bho gotama, pahoti asmiṃ padese averaṃ abyābajjhaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāvetuṃ; brāhmaṇopi hi, bho gotama… vessopi hi bho gotama… suddopi hi, bho gotama… sabbepi hi, bho gotama, cattāro vaṇṇā pahonti asmiṃ padese averaṃ abyābajjhaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāvetun”ti. “Ettha, assalāyana, brāhmaṇānaṃ kiṃ balaṃ, ko assāso yadettha brāhmaṇā evamāhaṃsu– ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo …pe… brahmadāyādā’”ti? “Kiñcāpi bhavaṃ gotamo evamāha, atha khvettha brāhmaṇā evametaṃ maññanti– ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo …pe… brahmadāyādā’”ti.
407. “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, assalāyana, brāhmaṇova nu kho pahoti sottisināniṃ ādāya nadiṃ gantvā rajojallaṃ pavāhetuṃ, no khattiyo, no vesso, no suddo”ti? “No hidaṃ, bho gotama! Khattiyopi hi, bho gotama, pahoti sottisināniṃ ādāya nadiṃ gantvā rajojallaṃ pavāhetuṃ, brāhmaṇopi hi, bho gotama… vessopi hi, bho gotama… suddopi hi, bho gotama… sabbepi hi, bho gotama, cattāro vaṇṇā pahonti sottisināniṃ ādāya nadiṃ gantvā rajojallaṃ pavāhetun”ti. “Ettha, assalāyana, brāhmaṇānaṃ kiṃ balaṃ, ko assāso yadettha brāhmaṇā evamāhaṃsu– ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo …pe… brahmadāyādā’”ti? “Kiñcāpi bhavaṃ gotamo evamāha, atha khvettha brāhmaṇā evametaṃ maññanti– ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo …pe… brahmadāyādā’”ti.
408. “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, assalāyana, idha rājā khattiyo muddhāvasitto nānājaccānaṃ purisānaṃ purisasataṃ sannipāteyya– ‘āyantu bhonto ye tattha khattiyakulā brāhmaṇakulā rājaññakulā uppannā, sākassa vā sālassa vā salaḷassa vā candanassa vā padumakassa vā uttarāraṇiṃ ādāya, aggiṃ abhinibbattentu, tejo pātukarontu. Āyantu pana bhonto ye tattha caṇḍālakulā nesādakulā venakulā rathakārakulā pukkusakulā uppannā, sāpānadoṇiyā vā sūkaradoṇiyā vā rajakadoṇiyā vā eraṇḍakaṭṭhassa vā uttarāraṇiṃ ādāya, aggiṃ abhinibbattentu, tejo pātukarontū’ti.
“Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, assalāyana, yo evaṃ nu kho so khattiyakulā brāhmaṇakulā rājaññakulā uppannehi sākassa vā sālassa vā salaḷassa vā candanassa vā padumakassa vā uttarāraṇiṃ ādāya aggi abhinibbatto, tejo pātukato, so eva nu khvāssa aggi accimā ceva vaṇṇavā ca pabhassaro ca, tena ca sakkā agginā aggikaraṇīyaṃ kātuṃ; yo pana so caṇḍālakulā nesādakulā venakulā rathakārakulā pukkusakulā uppannehi sāpānadoṇiyā vā sūkaradoṇiyā vā rajakadoṇiyā vā eraṇḍakaṭṭhassa vā uttarāraṇiṃ ādāya aggi abhinibbatto, tejo pātukato svāssa aggi na ceva accimā na ca vaṇṇavā na ca pabhassaro, na ca tena sakkā agginā aggikaraṇīyaṃ kātun”ti? “No hidaṃ, bho gotama! Yopi hi so, bho gotama, khattiyakulā brāhmaṇakulā rājaññakulā uppannehi sākassa vā sālassa vā salaḷassa vā candanassa vā padumakassa vā uttarāraṇiṃ ādāya aggi abhinibbatto, tejo pātukato svāssa aggi accimā ceva vaṇṇavā ca pabhassaro ca, tena ca sakkā agginā aggikaraṇīyaṃ kātuṃ; yopi so caṇḍālakulā nesādakulā venakulā rathakārakulā pukkusakulā uppannehi sāpānadoṇiyā vā sūkaradoṇiyā vā rajakadoṇiyā vā eraṇḍakaṭṭhassa vā uttarāraṇiṃ ādāya aggi abhinibbatto, tejo pātukato, svāssa aggi accimā ceva vaṇṇavā ca pabhassaro ca, tena ca sakkā agginā aggikaraṇīyaṃ kātuṃ. Sabbopi hi, bho gotama, aggi accimā ceva vaṇṇavā ca pabhassaro ca, sabbenapi sakkā agginā aggikaraṇīyaṃ kātun”ti. “Ettha, assalāyana, brāhmaṇānaṃ kiṃ balaṃ, ko assāso yadettha brāhmaṇā evamāhaṃsu– ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo; brāhmaṇova sukko vaṇṇo, kaṇho añño vaṇṇo; brāhmaṇāva sujjhanti, no abrāhmaṇā; brāhmaṇāva brahmuno puttā orasā mukhato jātā brahmajā brahmanimmitā brahmadāyādā’”ti? “Kiñcāpi bhavaṃ gotamo evamāha, atha khvettha brāhmaṇā evametaṃ maññanti– ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo …pe… brahmadāyādā’”ti.
409. “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, assalāyana, idha khattiyakumāro brāhmaṇakaññāya saddhiṃ saṃvāsaṃ kappeyya, tesaṃ saṃvāsamanvāya putto jāyetha; yo so khattiyakumārena brāhmaṇakaññāya putto uppanno, siyā so mātupi sadiso pitupi sadiso, ‘khattiyo’tipi vattabbo ‘brāhmaṇo’tipi vattabbo”ti? “Yo so, bho gotama, khattiyakumārena brāhmaṇakaññāya putto uppanno, siyā so mātupi sadiso pitupi sadiso, ‘khattiyo’tipi vattabbo ‘brāhmaṇo’tipi vattabbo”ti.
“Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, assalāyana, idha brāhmaṇakumāro khattiyakaññāya saddhiṃ saṃvāsaṃ kappeyya, tesaṃ saṃvāsamanvāya putto jāyetha; yo so brāhmaṇakumārena khattiyakaññāya putto uppanno, siyā so mātupi sadiso pitupi sadiso, ‘khattiyo’tipi vattabbo ‘brāhmaṇo’tipi vattabbo”ti? “Yo so, bho gotama, brāhmaṇakumārena khattiyakaññāya putto uppanno, siyā so mātupi sadiso pitupi sadiso, ‘khattiyo’tipi vattabbo ‘brāhmaṇo’tipi vattabbo”ti.
“Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, assalāyana idha vaḷavaṃ gadrabhena sampayojeyyuṃ, tesaṃ sampayogamanvāya kisoro jāyetha; yo so vaḷavāya gadrabhena kisoro uppanno, siyā so mātupi sadiso pitupi sadiso, ‘asso’tipi vattabbo ‘gadrabho’tipi vattabbo”ti? “Kuṇḍañhi so, bho gotama, assataro hoti. Idaṃ hissa bho gotama, nānākaraṇaṃ passāmi; amutra ca panesānaṃ na kiñci nānākaraṇaṃ passāmī”ti.
“Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, assalāyana, idhāssu dve māṇavakā bhātaro sa-udariyā, eko ajjhāyako upanīto eko anajjhāyako anupanīto. Kamettha brāhmaṇā paṭhamaṃ bhojeyyuṃ saddhe vā thālipāke vā yaññe vā pāhune vā”ti? “Yo so, bho gotama, māṇavako ajjhāyako upanīto tamettha brāhmaṇā paṭhamaṃ bhojeyyuṃ saddhe vā thālipāke vā yaññe vā pāhune vā. Kiñhi, bho gotama, anajjhāyake anupanīte dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ bhavissatī”ti?
“Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, assalāyana, idhāssu dve māṇavakā bhātaro sa-udariyā, eko ajjhāyako upanīto dussīlo pāpadhammo, eko anajjhāyako anupanīto sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo. Kamettha brāhmaṇā paṭhamaṃ bhojeyyuṃ saddhe vā thālipāke vā yaññe vā pāhune vā”ti? “Yo so, bho gotama, māṇavako anajjhāyako anupanīto sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo tamettha brāhmaṇā paṭhamaṃ bhojeyyuṃ saddhe vā thālipāke vā yaññe vā pāhune vā. Kiñhi, bho gotama, dussīle pāpadhamme dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ bhavissatī”ti?
“Pubbe kho tvaṃ, assalāyana, jātiṃ agamāsi; jātiṃ gantvā mante agamāsi; mante gantvā tape agamāsi; tape gantvā cātuvaṇṇiṃ suddhiṃ paccāgato, yamahaṃ paññapemī”ti. Evaṃ vutte, assalāyano māṇavo tuṇhībhūto maṅkubhūto pattakkhandho adhomukho pajjhāyanto appaṭibhāno nisīdi.
410. Atha kho bhagavā assalāyanaṃ māṇavaṃ tuṇhībhūtaṃ maṅkubhūtaṃ pattakkhandhaṃ adhomukhaṃ pajjhāyantaṃ appaṭibhānaṃ viditvā assalāyanaṃ māṇavaṃ etadavoca– “bhūtapubbaṃ, assalāyana, sattannaṃ brāhmaṇisīnaṃ araññāyatane paṇṇakuṭīsu sammantānaṃ evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo …pe… brahmadāyādā’ti. Assosi kho assalāyana, asito devalo isi– ‘sattannaṃ kira brāhmaṇisīnaṃ araññāyatane paṇṇakuṭīsu sammantānaṃ evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ – brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo …pe… brahmadāyādā’ti. Atha kho, assalāyana, asito devalo isi kesamassuṃ kappetvā mañjiṭṭhavaṇṇāni dussāni nivāsetvā paṭaliyo upāhanā āruhitvā jātarūpamayaṃ daṇḍaṃ gahetvā sattannaṃ brāhmaṇisīnaṃ patthaṇḍile pāturahosi. Atha kho, assalāyana, asito devalo isi sattannaṃ brāhmaṇisīnaṃ patthaṇḍile caṅkamamāno evamāha– ‘handa, ko nu kho ime bhavanto brāhmaṇisayo gatā; handa, ko nu kho ime bhavanto brāhmaṇisayo gatā’ti? Atha kho, assalāyana, sattannaṃ brāhmaṇisīnaṃ etadahosi – ‘ko nāyaṃ gāmaṇḍalarūpo viya sattannaṃ brāhmaṇisīnaṃ patthaṇḍile caṅkamamāno evamāha– ‘handa, ko nu kho ime bhavanto brāhmaṇisayo gatā; handa, ko nu kho ime bhavanto brāhmaṇisayo gatāti? Handa, naṃ abhisapāmā’ti. Atha kho, assalāyana, satta brāhmaṇisayo asitaṃ devalaṃ isiṃ abhisapiṃsu– ‘bhasmā, vasala, hohi; bhasmā, vasala, hohī’ti. Yathā yathā kho, assalāyana, satta brāhmaṇisayo asitaṃ devalaṃ isiṃ abhisapiṃsu tathā tathā asito devalo isi abhirūpataro ceva hoti dassanīyataro ca pāsādikataro ca. Atha kho, assalāyana, sattannaṃ brāhmaṇisīnaṃ etadahosi– ‘moghaṃ vata no tapo, aphalaṃ brahmacariyaṃ. Mayañhi pubbe yaṃ abhisapāma– bhasmā, vasala, hohi; bhasmā, vasala, hohīti bhasmāva bhavati ekacco. Imaṃ pana mayaṃ yathā yathā abhisapāma tathā tathā abhirūpataro ceva hoti dassanīyataro ca pāsādikataro cā’ti. ‘Na bhavantānaṃ moghaṃ tapo, nāphalaṃ brahmacariyaṃ. Iṅgha bhavanto, yo mayi manopadoso taṃ pajahathā’ti. ‘Yo bhavati manopadoso taṃ pajahāma. Ko nu bhavaṃ hotī’ti? ‘Suto nu bhavataṃ– asito devalo isī’ti? ‘Evaṃ, bho’. ‘So khvāhaṃ, bho, homī’ti. Atha kho, assalāyana, satta brāhmaṇisayo asitaṃ devalaṃ isiṃ abhivādetuṃ upakkamiṃsu.
411. “Atha kho, assalāyana, asito devalo isi satta brāhmaṇisayo etadavoca– ‘sutaṃ metaṃ, bho, sattannaṃ kira brāhmaṇisīnaṃ araññāyatane paṇṇakuṭīsu sammantānaṃ evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ – brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo; brāhmaṇova sukko vaṇṇo kaṇho añño vaṇṇo; brāhmaṇāva sujjhanti, no abrāhmaṇā; brāhmaṇāva brahmuno puttā orasā mukhato jātā brahmajā brahmanimmitā brahmadāyādā’ti. ‘Evaṃ, bho’.
“‘Jānanti pana bhonto– yā janikā mātā brāhmaṇaṃyeva agamāsi, no abrāhmaṇan’ti? ‘No hidaṃ, bho’.
“‘Jānanti pana bhonto– yā janikāmātu mātā yāva sattamā mātumātāmahayugā brāhmaṇaṃyeva agamāsi, no abrāhmaṇan’ti? ‘No hidaṃ, bho’.
“‘Jānanti pana bhonto– yo janako pitā brāhmaṇiṃyeva agamāsi, no abrāhmaṇin’ti? ‘No hidaṃ, bho’.
“‘Jānanti pana bhonto– yo janakapitu pitā yāva sattamā pitupitāmahayugā brāhmaṇiṃyeva agamāsi, no abrāhmaṇin’ti? ‘No hidaṃ, bho’.
“‘Jānanti pana bhonto– yathā gabbhassa avakkanti hotī’ti ? ‘Jānāma mayaṃ, bho– yathā gabbhassa avakkanti hoti. Idha mātāpitaro ca sannipatitā honti, mātā ca utunī hoti, gandhabbo ca paccupaṭṭhito hoti; evaṃ tiṇṇaṃ sannipātā gabbhassa avakkanti hotī’ti.
“‘Jānanti pana bhonto– taggha, so gandhabbo khattiyo vā brāhmaṇo vā vesso vā suddo vā’ti? ‘Na mayaṃ, bho, jānāma– taggha so gandhabbo khattiyo vā brāhmaṇo vā vesso vā suddo vā’ti. ‘Evaṃ sante, bho, jānātha– ke tumhe hothā’ti? ‘Evaṃ sante, bho na mayaṃ jānāma ke mayaṃ homā’ti. Te hi nāma, assalāyana, satta brāhmaṇisayo asitena devalena isinā sake jātivāde samanuyuñjīyamānā samanuggāhīyamānā samanubhāsīyamānā na sampāyissanti; kiṃ pana tvaṃ etarahi mayā sakasmiṃ jātivāde samanuyuñjīyamāno samanuggāhīyamāno samanubhāsīyamāno sampāyissasi, yesaṃ tvaṃ sācariyako na puṇṇo dabbigāho”ti.
Evaṃ vutte, assalāyano māṇavo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama …pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gatan”ti.
Assalāyanasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ tatiyaṃ.