相应部1相应20经 三弥提经

相应部1相应20经/三弥提经(诸天相应/有偈篇/祇夜)

这是我亲身听闻到的:一时,世尊住在王舍城的温泉林。


那时,尊者三弥提在夜晚后分时分起身,来到温泉处沐浴身体。沐浴完毕后,穿上一件衣服站在岸边擦干身体。


这时,一位容貌殊胜的天神在深夜时分使整个温泉区域光明,来到尊者三弥提处。来到后,悬立空中,用偈颂对尊者三弥提说:


"比丘啊,你未食而乞食,

  不是食后再乞食。

  比丘啊,应食后再乞食,

  莫让时机错过了。"


(尊者三弥提回答说:)

"我不知何时为(正)时,

  (正)时隐蔽不可见。

  所以我未食而乞食,

  莫让时机错过了。"


然后,那位天神降落地面,对尊者三弥提说:"比丘啊,你年轻出家,头发乌黑,正值青春年华,处于人生的第一阶段,还未曾享受欲乐。比丘啊,请享受人间欲乐吧,不要舍弃眼前可见的(欲乐)而追求将来(的解脱)。"


(尊者三弥提回答说:)"朋友,我并非舍弃眼前可见的而追求将来的。相反,朋友,我是舍弃将来的而追求眼前可见的。朋友,世尊说欲乐是属于将来的,多苦多恼,其过患更大。这法是眼前可见的,无时相的,邀人亲证的,导向(涅槃)的,智者各自证知的。"


"比丘啊,世尊如何说欲乐是属于将来的,多苦多恼,其过患更大?如何说这法是眼前可见的,无时相的,邀人亲证的,导向(涅槃)的,智者各自证知的?"


"朋友,我是新出家不久的人,刚来到这法与律中。我不能详细解释。有一位世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者住在王舍城的温泉林。请你去亲近世尊,询问这个问题。世尊如何回答,你就那样受持。"


"比丘啊,那位世尊不容易亲近,他被其他大威德天神围绕着。比丘,如果你去亲近世尊询问这个问题,我们也会来听法。"


"好的,朋友。"尊者三弥提回答那位天神后,来到世尊处。来到后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的尊者三弥提对世尊说:


"世尊,今天我在夜晚后分时分起身,来到温泉处沐浴身体。沐浴完毕后,穿上一件衣服站在岸边擦干身体。这时,世尊,一位容貌殊胜的天神在深夜时分使整个温泉区域光明,来到我处。来到后,悬立空中,用这个偈颂对我说:


'比丘啊,你未食而乞食,

 不是食后再乞食。

 比丘啊,应食后再乞食,

 莫让时机错过了。'


世尊,我听后用偈颂回答那位天神:


'我不知何时为(正)时,

 (正)时隐蔽不可见。

 所以我未食而乞食,

 莫让时机错过了。'


然后,世尊,那位天神降落地面对我说:'比丘啊,你年轻出家,头发乌黑,正值青春年华,处于人生的第一阶段,还未曾享受欲乐。比丘啊,请享受人间欲乐吧,不要舍弃眼前可见的(欲乐)而追求将来(的解脱)。'


世尊,我听后这样回答那位天神:'朋友,我并非舍弃眼前可见的而追求将来的。相反,朋友,我是舍弃将来的而追求眼前可见的。朋友,世尊说欲乐是属于将来的,多苦多恼,其过患更大。这法是眼前可见的,无时相的,邀人亲证的,导向(涅槃)的,智者各自证知的。'


世尊,那位天神听后对我说:'比丘啊,世尊如何说欲乐是属于将来的,多苦多恼,其过患更大?如何说这法是眼前可见的,无时相的,邀人亲证的,导向(涅槃)的,智者各自证知的?'


世尊,我听后这样回答那位天神:'朋友,我是新出家不久的人,刚来到这法与律中。我不能详细解释。有一位世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者住在王舍城的温泉林。请你去亲近世尊,询问这个问题。世尊如何回答,你就那样受持。'


世尊,那位天神听后对我说:'比丘啊,那位世尊不容易亲近,他被其他大威德天神围绕着。比丘,如果你去亲近世尊询问这个问题,我们也会来听法。'


世尊,如果那位天神说的是真话,那么她应该就在不远处。"


说到这里,那位天神对尊者三弥提说:"比丘,请问吧,请问吧,我已经来了。"


然后,世尊用偈颂对那位天神说:


"众生执著于言说,

 安住于言说之中;

不了知言说本质,

 落入死魔的控制。


了知言说的本质,

 不执著于言说者;

无有任何执著故,

 无人能以言说责。

夜叉啊,如果你明白请说吧。"


"世尊,我不了解世尊简略所说的详细含义。世尊,请为我详细解说,使我能了解世尊简略所说的详细含义。"


"认为自己'平等'、'优越'或'低劣',

 因此而与他人争论。

 于此三种见解不动摇,

 不再有'平等'或'优越'(的想法)。

夜叉啊,如果你明白请说吧。"


"世尊,我也不了解世尊简略所说的详细含义。世尊,请为我详细解说,使我能了解世尊简略所说的详细含义。"


"他已舍弃计度,不再有慢心,

 在此世间断除了名色之爱。

 他已断除系缚,无忧无求,

 诸天与人类寻找他却找不到,

 无论此世、他世、天界或一切住处。

夜叉啊,如果你明白请说吧。"


"世尊,我这样理解世尊简略所说的详细含义:


不以语、意、身,

造作任何恶业,

于一切世间中。

舍弃诸欲望后,

具念又正知,

不应追随苦,

无益又有害。"


这是难陀那品第二。


其摄颂为:

难陀那与欢喜,无子与平等,

刹帝利与傲慢,睡眠懈怠难为,

惭愧与茅屋为第九,第十称三弥提。


巴利语原版经文


SN.1.20/(10) Samiddhisuttaṃ

   20. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati tapodārāme. Atha kho āyasmā samiddhi rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya yena tapodā tenupasaṅkami gattāni parisiñcituṃ. Tapode gattāni parisiñcitvā paccuttaritvā ekacīvaro aṭṭhāsi gattāni pubbāpayamāno. Atha kho aññatarā devatā abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ tapodaṃ obhāsetvā yena āyasmā samiddhi tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā vehāsaṃ ṭhitā āyasmantaṃ samiddhiṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi–

   “Abhutvā bhikkhasi bhikkhu, na hi bhutvāna bhikkhasi.

   Bhutvāna bhikkhu bhikkhassu, mā taṃ kālo upaccagā”ti.

   “Kālaṃ vohaṃ na jānāmi, channo kālo na dissati.

   Tasmā abhutvā bhikkhāmi, mā maṃ kālo upaccagā”ti.

   Atha kho sā devatā pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhahitvā āyasmantaṃ samiddhiṃ etadavoca– “daharo tvaṃ bhikkhu, pabbajito susu kāḷakeso, bhadrena yobbanena samannāgato, paṭhamena vayasā, anikkīḷitāvī kāmesu. Bhuñja, bhikkhu, mānusake kāme; mā sandiṭṭhikaṃ hitvā kālikaṃ anudhāvī”ti.

   “Na khvāhaṃ, āvuso, sandiṭṭhikaṃ hitvā kālikaṃ anudhāvāmi. Kālikañca khvāhaṃ, āvuso, hitvā sandiṭṭhikaṃ anudhāvāmi. Kālikā hi, āvuso, kāmā vuttā bhagavatā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā; ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo. Sandiṭṭhiko ayaṃ dhammo akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī”ti.

   “Kathañca, bhikkhu, kālikā kāmā vuttā bhagavatā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo? Kathaṃ sandiṭṭhiko ayaṃ dhammo akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī”ti?

   “Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, navo acirapabbajito adhunāgato imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ. Na tāhaṃ sakkomi vitthārena ācikkhituṃ. Ayaṃ so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho rājagahe viharati tapodārāme. Taṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etamatthaṃ puccha. Yathā te bhagavā byākaroti tathā naṃ dhāreyyāsī”ti.

   “Na kho, bhikkhu, sukaro so bhagavā amhehi upasaṅkamituṃ aññāhi mahesakkhāhi devatāhi parivuto. Sace kho tvaṃ, bhikkhu, taṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etamatthaṃ puccheyyāsi, mayampi āgaccheyyāma dhammassavanāyā”ti. “Evamāvuso”ti kho āyasmā samiddhi tassā devatāya paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā samiddhi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca–

   “Idhāhaṃ bhante, rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya yena tapodā tenupasaṅkamiṃ gattāni parisiñcituṃ. Tapode gattāni parisiñcitvā paccuttaritvā ekacīvaro aṭṭhāsiṃ gattāni pubbāpayamāno. Atha kho, bhante, aññatarā devatā abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ tapodaṃ obhāsetvā yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā vehāsaṃ ṭhitā imāya gāthāya ajjhabhāsi–

   “Abhutvā bhikkhasi bhikkhu, na hi bhutvāna bhikkhasi.

   Bhutvāna bhikkhu bhikkhassu, mā taṃ kālo upaccagā”ti.

   “Evaṃ vutte ahaṃ, bhante, taṃ devataṃ gāthāya paccabhāsiṃ–

   “Kālaṃ vohaṃ na jānāmi, channo kālo na dissati;

   Tasmā abhutvā bhikkhāmi, mā maṃ kālo upaccagā”ti.

   “Atha kho, bhante, sā devatā pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhahitvā maṃ etadavoca– ‘daharo tvaṃ, bhikkhu, pabbajito susu kāḷakeso, bhadrena yobbanena samannāgato, paṭhamena vayasā, anikkīḷitāvī kāmesu. Bhuñja, bhikkhu, mānusake kāme; mā sandiṭṭhikaṃ hitvā kālikaṃ anudhāvī’”ti.

   “Evaṃ vuttāhaṃ, bhante, taṃ devataṃ etadavocaṃ– ‘na khvāhaṃ, āvuso, sandiṭṭhikaṃ hitvā kālikaṃ anudhāvāmi; kālikañca khvāhaṃ, āvuso, hitvā sandiṭṭhikaṃ anudhāvāmi. Kālikā hi, āvuso, kāmā vuttā bhagavatā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā; ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo. Sandiṭṭhiko ayaṃ dhammo akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’”ti.

   “Evaṃ vutte, bhante, sā devatā maṃ etadavoca– ‘kathañca, bhikkhu, kālikā kāmā vuttā bhagavatā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā; ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo? Kathaṃ sandiṭṭhiko ayaṃ dhammo akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’ti? Evaṃ vuttāhaṃ, bhante taṃ devataṃ etadavocaṃ– ‘ahaṃ kho, āvuso, navo acirapabbajito adhunāgato imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ, na tāhaṃ sakkomi vitthārena ācikkhituṃ. Ayaṃ so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho rājagahe viharati tapodārāme. Taṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etamatthaṃ puccha. Yathā te bhagavā byākaroti tathā naṃ dhāreyyāsī’”ti.

   “Evaṃ vutte, bhante, sā devatā maṃ etadavoca– ‘na kho, bhikkhu, sukaro so bhagavā amhehi upasaṅkamituṃ, aññāhi mahesakkhāhi devatāhi parivuto. Sace kho, tvaṃ bhikkhu, taṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etamatthaṃ puccheyyāsi, mayampi āgaccheyyāma dhammassavanāyā’ti. Sace, bhante, tassā devatāya saccaṃ vacanaṃ, idheva sā devatā avidūre”ti.

   Evaṃ vutte, sā devatā āyasmantaṃ samiddhiṃ etadavoca– “puccha, bhikkhu, puccha, bhikkhu, yamahaṃ anuppattā”ti.

   Atha kho bhagavā taṃ devataṃ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi–

   “Akkheyyasaññino sattā, akkheyyasmiṃ patiṭṭhitā;

   Akkheyyaṃ apariññāya, yogamāyanti maccuno.

   “Akkheyyañca pariññāya, akkhātāraṃ na maññati;

   Tañhi tassa na hotīti, yena naṃ vajjā na tassa atthi.

   Sace vijānāsi vadehi yakkhā”ti.

   “Na khvāhaṃ, bhante, imassa bhagavatā saṅkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmi. Sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā tathā bhāsatu yathāhaṃ imassa bhagavatā saṅkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ jāneyyan”ti.

   “Samo visesī uda vā nihīno, yo maññatī so vivadetha tena.

   Tīsu vidhāsu avikampamāno, samo visesīti na tassa hoti.

   Sace vijānāsi vadehi yakkhā”ti.

   “Imassāpi khvāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā saṅkhittena bhāsitassa na vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmi. Sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā tathā bhāsatu yathāhaṃ imassa bhagavatā saṅkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ jāneyyan”ti.

   “Pahāsi saṅkhaṃ na vimānamajjhagā, acchecchi taṇhaṃ idha nāmarūpe.

   Taṃ chinnaganthaṃ anighaṃ nirāsaṃ, pariyesamānā nājjhagamuṃ.

   Devā manussā idha vā huraṃ vā, saggesu vā sabbanivesanesu.

   Sace vijānāsi vadehi yakkhā”ti.

   “Imassa khvāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā saṅkhittena bhāsitassa evaṃ vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmi–

   “Pāpaṃ na kayirā vacasā manasā,

   Kāyena vā kiñcana sabbaloke.

   Kāme pahāya satimā sampajāno,

   Dukkhaṃ na sevetha anatthasaṃhitan”ti.

   Nandanavaggo dutiyo.

   Tassuddānaṃ–

   Nandanā nandati ceva, natthiputtasamena ca;

   Khattiyo saṇamāno ca, niddātandī ca dukkaraṃ.

   Hirī kuṭikā navamo, dasamo vutto samiddhināti.


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