第五百七十五章 圣洁、清净的正法之车
相应45相应4经/若奴索尼婆罗门经(道相应/大篇/修多罗)
有一天,阿难尊者中午的时候,穿好法衣,拿着饭钵到舍卫城中化缘饭食,阿难尊者在舍卫城中看见若奴索尼婆罗门驾着白色的马车在城中行进。若奴索尼婆罗门的马车很特别:白色的马匹,马匹上被套上了白色的轭(驾车时搁在马匹颈上的曲木),马车也是白色的,马匹和马车被装饰上了白色的饰品,马车后面跟随的仆从穿的衣服也是白色的,白色的缰绳,白色的马鞭,白色的马车伞盖,若奴索尼婆罗门头戴白色的头巾,身穿白色的衣服,脚穿白色的鞋,用白色的扇子来扇风。舍卫城中看见若奴索尼婆罗门白色马车的人都赞叹的说到:“这位大德乘坐的是圣洁、清净的车呀,这确实是我们心中修行人需要乘坐的圣洁、清净之车呀。”
阿难尊者,听到众人赞叹的言语,吃完化缘回来的饭食后,就来到佛陀的住所,他顶礼佛陀后,就在一旁坐下,阿难尊者将自己看见若奴索尼婆罗门白色马车的事情,以及大众赞叹白色马车的事情都告诉了佛陀。之后,阿难尊者问佛陀:“世尊,在您的正法中有圣洁、清净的车可以乘坐吗?”
佛陀说:“阿难,在如来的正法中有圣洁、清净的车可以乘坐。阿难,八正道就是圣洁、清净的车(八正道解释,见第十八章),八正道就是正法之车,八正道就是胜过、超过世间一切战车的解脱之车。
修习正见、正志、正语、正业、正命、正方便、正念、正定,这八种正道(八正道解释,见第十八章),就能控制、熄灭、平息、灭尽贪欲、渴爱、愤怒烦恼、无智愚痴,阿难,你应该好好去体会一下:「八正道就是圣洁、清净的车,八正道就是正法之车,八正道就是胜过、超过世间一切战车的解脱之车。」这句话的法理。
对正法坚固的信仰与已经开启的智慧,两者结合在一起,就如同车的轭(驾车时搁在马匹颈上的曲木);反省心、惭愧心、羞耻心如同车的辕杆(车前驾马匹的两根直木);思索、思量如同绳索;正念如同驾车的人;戒律如同车正常运转的规则方法;禅定的修行方法如同车轴(禅定的修行方法解释:让内心平静、安宁、清净的修行方法;车轴解释:穿入两个车轱辘固定在车上承受车身重量的圆棒);精进如同车轮(精进解释:持之以恒的断恶修善,修习正法、善法);定如同保持车的平衡(定解释:将注意力集中在单个、纯一的清净念想上,让内心安宁、寂静,让内心安住在清净的境界之中);没有欲望,没有贪欲如同车的帐幕(车的遮盖物);没有恶意,不愤怒,不加害,不执着,不挂念如同车上配备的武器;忍辱、忍耐如同保护车的铠甲,如同驾车人身上穿的甲胄、盔甲,以此来保护车与驾车人远离灾祸,不受到伤害,保持安稳的状态;这就是修行人自己建立、安立出来的圣洁、清净之车,正法之车,这就是修行人创建、缔造出来的,胜过、超过世间一切战车的解脱之车。修行人驾着圣洁、清净之车,正法之车,解脱之车从世间解脱出来,从生死轮回中解脱出来,他们必定能够战胜一切的贪欲、渴爱、愤怒烦恼、无智愚痴,他们必定能够熄灭、平息、灭尽一切的贪欲、渴爱、愤怒烦恼、无智愚痴,他们必定能够灭尽一切的烦恼和痛苦,到达没有烦恼,没有痛苦,没有执着,没有挂念,没有念想的涅槃彼岸。”
这时,佛陀说偈言:
「信慧诸法要,合则为车轭;
惭辕意为縻,正念为御者;
戒为车轨则,禅定为车轴;
精进而为轮,三昧持平衡;
无欲为覆具,无嗔害舍离,
如是为兵器;
忍辱以为铠,以趣于安稳;
以此已具足,为无上梵乘;
智士出世间,一向伏贪等。」
佛陀说法后,阿难尊者再次的顶礼佛陀,随喜赞叹佛陀说法的无量功德,并按着佛陀所说的法去修行。
巴利语原版经文
SN.45.4/(4) Jāṇussoṇibrāhmaṇasuttaṃ
4. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Atha kho āyasmā ānando pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Addasā kho āyasmā ānando jāṇussoṇiṃ brāhmaṇaṃ sabbasetena vaḷavābhirathena sāvatthiyā niyyāyantaṃ. Setā sudaṃ assā yuttā honti setālaṅkārā, seto ratho, setaparivāro, setā rasmiyo, setā patodalaṭṭhi, setaṃ chattaṃ, setaṃ uṇhīsaṃ setāni vatthāni, setā upāhanā, setāya sudaṃ vālabījaniyā bījīyati. Tamenaṃ jano disvā evamāha– “brahmaṃ vata, bho, yānaṃ! Brahmayānarūpaṃ vata, bho”ti.
Atha kho āyasmā ānando sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca–
“Idhāhaṃ, bhante, pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ. Addasaṃ khvāhaṃ, bhante, jāṇussoṇiṃ brāhmaṇaṃ sabbasetena vaḷavābhirathena sāvatthiyā niyyāyantaṃ. Setā sudaṃ assā yuttā honti setālaṅkārā, seto ratho, setaparivāro, setā rasmiyo, setā patodalaṭṭhi, setaṃ chattaṃ, setaṃ uṇhīsaṃ, setāni vatthāni, setā upāhanā, setāya sudaṃ vālabījaniyā bījīyati. Tamenaṃ jano disvā evamāha– ‘brahmaṃ vata, bho, yānaṃ! Brahmayānarūpaṃ vata, bho’ti. Sakkā nu kho, bhante, imasmiṃ dhammavinaye brahmayānaṃ paññāpetun”ti?
“Sakkā ānandā”ti bhagavā avoca– “imasseva kho etaṃ, ānanda, ariyassa aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa adhivacanaṃ– ‘brahmayānaṃ’ itipi, ‘dhammayānaṃ’ itipi, ‘anuttaro saṅgāmavijayo’ itipī”ti.
“Sammādiṭṭhi, ānanda, bhāvitā bahulīkatā rāgavinayapariyosānā hoti, dosavinayapariyosānā hoti, mohavinayapariyosānā hoti. Sammāsaṅkappo, ānanda, bhāvito bahulīkato rāgavinayapariyosāno hoti, dosavinayapariyosāno hoti, mohavinayapariyosāno hoti. Sammāvācā, ānanda, bhāvitā bahulīkatā rāgavinayapariyosānā hoti, dosa …pe… mohavinayapariyosānā hoti. Sammākammanto, ānanda, bhāvito bahulīkato rāgavinayapariyosāno hoti, dosa… mohavinayapariyosāno hoti. Sammā-ājīvo, ānanda, bhāvito bahulīkato rāgavinayapariyosāno hoti, dosa… mohavinayapariyosāno hoti Sammāvāyāmo, ānanda, bhāvito bahulīkato rāgavinayapariyosāno hoti, dosa… mohavinayapariyosāno hoti. Sammāsati, ānanda, bhāvitā bahulīkatā rāgavinayapariyosānā hoti, dosa… mohavinayapariyosānā hoti. Sammāsamādhi, ānanda, bhāvito bahulīkato rāgavinayapariyosāno hoti, dosa… mohavinayapariyosāno hoti.
“Iminā kho etaṃ, ānanda, pariyāyena veditabbaṃ yathā imassevetaṃ ariyassa aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa adhivacanaṃ– ‘brahmayānaṃ’ itipi, ‘dhammayānaṃ’ itipi, ‘anuttaro saṅgāmavijayo’ itipī”ti. Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
“Yassa saddhā ca paññā ca, dhammā yuttā sadā dhuraṃ;
Hirī īsā mano yottaṃ, sati ārakkhasārathi.
“Ratho sīlaparikkhāro, jhānakkho cakkavīriyo;
Upekkhā dhurasamādhi, anicchā parivāraṇaṃ.
“Abyāpādo avihiṃsā, viveko yassa āvudhaṃ;
Titikkhā cammasannāho, yogakkhemāya vattati.
“Etadattani sambhūtaṃ, brahmayānaṃ anuttaraṃ;
Niyyanti dhīrā lokamhā, aññadatthu jayaṃ jayan”ti. Catutthaṃ.