第八百四十二章 什么是四正勤?
49.(5)正勤相应
1.恒河中略品
相应部49相应1-12经/东的等经十二则(正勤相应/大篇/修多罗)
有个时候,佛陀住在舍卫城的祇树林给孤独园,有一天,佛陀对出家弟子们说:“比丘们(出家人),有四种正勤,是哪四种正勤呢?
为了让还没有生起的恶法不再生起而持之以恒、坚持不懈的修行;
为了让已经生起的恶法断除、灭尽而持之以恒、坚持不懈的修行;
为了让还没有生起的善法生起而持之以恒、坚持不懈的修行;
为了让已经生起的善法保持、增长、扩大、圆满而持之以恒、坚持不懈的修行。
比丘们,这就是四正勤,简单的说四正勤就是:持之以恒、坚持不懈的修行,以此让没有生起的恶法不再生起,让已经生起的恶法断除、灭尽,让没有生起的善法生起,让已经生起的善法保持、增长、扩大、圆满。
比丘们,恒河河水向东方流动,恒河越往东方地势越低,最终会流入大海,同样的,比丘们,经常修习四正勤的世间人或众生,他们就会向清净涅槃的方向行进,他们就会越来越接近清净涅槃的境界,他们就能最终进入清净涅槃的境界之中,就如同恒河河水向东流动,最终会汇入大海中一样。
比丘们,为什么经常修习四正勤的世间人或众生,就会向清净涅槃的方向行进,就会越来越接近清净涅槃的境界,最终进入清净涅槃的境界之中呢?
世间人或众生经常修习四正勤,就能让还没有生起的恶法不再生起,就能让已经生起的恶法断除、灭尽,就能让还没有生起的善法生起,就能让已经生起的善法保持、增长、扩大、圆满。
这些经常修习四正勤的世间人或众生,随着他们恶行、恶言、恶念的灭尽,随着他们善行、善言、善念的生起,他们就会逐渐摆脱不祥、危险、不幸、污染、束缚的状态,他们就会逐渐进入吉祥、平安、幸福、清净、解脱、涅槃的状态之中,因为善法、正法、解脱法会导致吉祥、平安、幸福、清净、解脱、涅槃的结果,恶法、邪法、束缚法会导致不祥、危险、不幸、污染、束缚的结果。修习四正勤能够熄灭、平息、灭尽恶法、邪法、束缚法,让善法、正法、解脱法聚集在一起,让吉祥、平安、幸福、清净、解脱、涅槃的状态聚集在一起。
比丘们,经常修习四正勤的世间人或众生就是这样向清净涅槃的方向行进,越来越接近清净涅槃的境界,最终进入清净涅槃的境界之中的。
比丘们,你们也要经常的修习四正勤,这样你们也能向清净涅槃的方向行进,你们也能越来越接近清净涅槃的境界,你们也能最终进入清净涅槃的境界之中。”
佛陀说法后,听法的出家弟子们都再次的顶礼佛陀,随喜赞叹佛陀说法的无量功德,他们都按着佛陀所说的法去修行。
巴利语原版经文
49.(5) Sammappadhānasaṃyuttaṃ
1. Gaṅgāpeyyālavaggo
SN.49.1- 12/(1- 12) Pācīnādisuttadvādasakaṃ
651-662. Sāvatthinidānaṃ Tatra kho bhagavā etadavoca– “cattārome, bhikkhave, sammappadhānā. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro sammappadhānāti”.
“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gaṅgā nadī pācīnaninnā pācīnapoṇā pācīnapabbhārā; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cattāro sammappadhāne bhāvento cattāro sammappadhāne bahulīkaronto nibbānaninno hoti nibbānapoṇo nibbānapabbhāro. Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cattāro sammappadhāne bhāvento cattāro sammappadhāne bahulīkaronto nibbānaninno hoti nibbānapoṇo nibbānapabbhāro? Idha bhikkhave, bhikkhu anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cattāro sammappadhāne bhāvento cattāro sammappadhāne bahulīkaronto nibbānaninno hoti nibbānapoṇo nibbānapabbhāro”ti. Dvādasamaṃ. (sammappadhānasaṃyuttassa gaṅgāpeyyālī sammappadhānavasena vitthāretabbā).
Gaṅgāpeyyālavaggo paṭhamo.
Tassuddānaṃ–
Cha pācīnato ninnā, cha ninnā ca samuddato.
Dvete cha dvādasa honti, vaggo tena pavuccatīti.