中部88经/外衣经(王品[9])

这是我亲身听闻到的，一时，世尊住舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时，尊者阿难在上午时分，穿好衣服，拿着钵和衣，进入舍卫城乞食。在舍卫城乞食后，饭后返回，为了午休而去往东园鹿母讲堂。

当时，憍萨罗国王波斯匿骑着名为独白象的大象，在白天离开舍卫城。憍萨罗国王波斯匿远远地看见尊者阿难走来。看到后，他对大臣悉利婆塔说："亲爱的悉利婆塔，那是尊者阿难吧？""是的，大王，那是尊者阿难。"

于是憍萨罗国王波斯匿对一个人说："来，你去尊者阿难那里，到那里后，以我的名义顶礼尊者阿难的双足，说：'尊者，憍萨罗国王波斯匿顶礼尊者阿难的双足。'再这样说：'尊者，如果尊者阿难没有什么紧急的事，请尊者阿难慈悲稍等片刻。'"

那人回答说："是，陛下。"他按照憍萨罗国王波斯匿的吩咐，走到尊者阿难那里，向尊者阿难问讯（问讯解释：敬礼法之一。即向师长、尊上合掌曲躬而请问其起起居安否），然后站在一旁。站在一旁后，那人对尊者阿难说："尊者，憍萨罗国王波斯匿顶礼尊者阿难的双足，并且这样说：'尊者，如果尊者阿难没有什么紧急的事，请尊者阿难慈悲稍等片刻。'"

尊者阿难以沉默表示同意。然后憍萨罗国王波斯匿骑象到可以骑象的地方，下象后步行走向尊者阿难。到那里后，向尊者阿难问讯，然后站在一旁。站在一旁后，憍萨罗国王波斯匿对尊者阿难说："尊者，如果尊者阿难没有什么紧急的事，请尊者阿难慈悲到阿夷罗跋提河岸去。"

尊者阿难以沉默表示同意。

于是尊者阿难来到阿夷罗跋提河岸，到那里后，在一棵树下坐在准备好的座位上。然后憍萨罗国王波斯匿骑象到可以骑象的地方，下象后步行走向尊者阿难。到那里后，向尊者阿难问讯，然后站在一旁。站在一旁后，憍萨罗国王波斯匿对尊者阿难说："尊者，请坐在这象毯上。"

"够了，大王。你坐吧，我已经坐在我自己的座位上了。"

憍萨罗国王波斯匿坐在准备好的座位上。坐下后，憍萨罗国王波斯匿对尊者阿难说："尊者阿难，世尊会不会从事那种身体行为，那种身体行为会受到有智慧的沙门婆罗门的指责（沙门解释：出家修行人；婆罗门解释：意译净行、梵行、梵志、承习。印度四姓中，最上位之僧侣、学者阶级。为古印度一切知识之垄断者，自认为印度社会之最胜种姓）？"

"大王，世尊不会从事那种身体行为，那种身体行为会受到有智慧的沙门婆罗门的指责。"

"尊者阿难，世尊会不会从事那种语言行为...那种意念行为，那种意念行为会受到有智慧的沙门婆罗门的指责？"

"大王，世尊不会从事那种意念行为，那种意念行为会受到有智慧的沙门婆罗门的指责。"

"太不可思议了，尊者，太奇妙了，尊者！我们不能用问题完全说明的，尊者阿难已经用回答问题完全说明了。尊者，那些愚蠢、无知、不经调查、不深入思考就说他人好话或坏话的人，我们不认为那是真实的；但是，尊者，那些聪明、有智慧、经过调查、深入思考后说他人好话或坏话的人，我们认为那是真实的。"

"尊者阿难，什么样的身体行为会受到有智慧的沙门婆罗门的指责？"  

"大王，不善的身体行为。"  

"尊者，什么是不善的身体行为？"  

"大王，有过失的身体行为。"  

"尊者，什么是有过失的身体行为？"  

"大王，有伤害的身体行为。"  

"尊者，什么是有伤害的身体行为？"  

"大王，有痛苦果报的身体行为。"  

"尊者，什么是有痛苦果报的身体行为？"  

"大王，导致自害、害他、害己害他的身体行为，使不善法增长，善法减退；大王，这样的身体行为会受到有智慧的沙门婆罗门的指责。"

"尊者阿难，什么样的语言行为...意念行为会受到有智慧的沙门婆罗门的指责？"  

"大王，不善的意念行为。"  

"尊者，什么是不善的意念行为？"  

"大王，有过失的意念行为。"  

"尊者，什么是有过失的意念行为？"  

"大王，有伤害的意念行为。"  

"尊者，什么是有伤害的意念行为？"  

"大王，有痛苦果报的意念行为。"  

"尊者，什么是有痛苦果报的意念行为？"  

"大王，导致自害、害他、害己害他的意念行为，使不善法增长，善法减退；大王，这样的意念行为会受到有智慧的沙门婆罗门的指责。"

"尊者阿难，世尊是否赞扬断除一切不善法？"  

"大王，如来已断除一切不善法，具足善法。"

 "尊者阿难，什么样的身体行为不会受到有智慧的沙门婆罗门的指责？"  

"大王，善的身体行为。"  

"尊者，什么是善的身体行为？"  

"大王，无过失的身体行为。"  

"尊者，什么是无过失的身体行为？"  

"大王，无伤害的身体行为。"  

"尊者，什么是无伤害的身体行为？"  

"大王，有快乐果报的身体行为。"  

"尊者，什么是有快乐果报的身体行为？"  

"大王，不导致自害、不害他、不害己害他的身体行为，使不善法减退，善法增长；大王，这样的身体行为不会受到有智慧的沙门婆罗门的指责。"

"尊者阿难，什么样的语言行为...意念行为不会受到有智慧的沙门婆罗门的指责？"  

"大王，善的意念行为。"  

"尊者，什么是善的意念行为？"  

"大王，无过失的意念行为。"  

"尊者，什么是无过失的意念行为？"  

"大王，无伤害的意念行为。"  

"尊者，什么是无伤害的意念行为？"  

"大王，有快乐果报的意念行为。"  

"尊者，什么是有快乐果报的意念行为？"  

"大王，不导致自害、不害他、不害己害他的意念行为。使不善法减退，善法增长；大王，这样的意念行为不会受到有智慧的沙门婆罗门的指责。"

"尊者阿难，世尊是否赞扬成就一切善法？"  

"大王，如来已断除一切不善法，具足善法。"

 "太不可思议了，尊者，太奇妙了，尊者！尊者阿难所说真是善说。尊者，我们对尊者阿难的这些善说感到满意和欢喜。尊者，我们对尊者阿难的这些善说如此满意和欢喜。尊者，如果尊者阿难可以接受象宝，我们会送给尊者阿难象宝。如果尊者阿难可以接受马宝，我们会送给尊者阿难马宝。如果尊者阿难可以接受村庄赐予，我们会送给尊者阿难村庄赐予。但是，尊者，我们知道这对尊者阿难是不合适的。尊者，这件外衣是摩揭陀国阿阇世王韦提希子用布袋包裹后寄给我的，长十六肘，宽八肘。请尊者阿难慈悲接受。"

"够了，大王，我的三衣已经足够了。"

"尊者，尊者阿难和我们都看到这条阿夷罗跋提河。当上游山区下大雨时，这条阿夷罗跋提河会冲过两岸。同样地，尊者，尊者阿难将用这件外衣制作自己的三衣。尊者阿难的旧三衣将与同修们分享。这样，我们的布施似乎会流向更多人。请尊者阿难接受这件外衣。"

尊者阿难接受了那件外衣。

然后，憍萨罗国王波斯匿对尊者阿难说："尊者阿难，现在我们要走了，我们有很多事务和职责。"  

"大王，现在是时候了，你认为合适就做吧。"  

于是，憍萨罗国王波斯匿欢喜赞叹尊者阿难的话，从座位上起身，向尊者阿难问讯，右绕后离开。

憍萨罗国王波斯匿离开不久，尊者阿难就去世尊那里。到那里后，向世尊问讯，然后坐在一旁。坐在一旁后，尊者阿难把与憍萨罗国王波斯匿的全部对话告诉了世尊。他还把那件外衣献给了世尊。

然后，世尊对比丘们说："比丘们，憍萨罗国王波斯匿有得，比丘们，憍萨罗国王波斯匿有善得，因为憍萨罗国王波斯匿得以见阿难，得以亲近阿难。"

世尊说了这些。那些比丘欢喜赞叹世尊的话。

外衣经完。

巴利语原版经文

MN.88/(8) Bāhitikasuttaṃ

　　 358. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmā ānando pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto yena pubbārāmo migāramātupāsādo tenupasaṅkami divāvihārāya. Tena kho pana samayena rājā pasenadi kosalo ekapuṇḍarīkaṃ nāgaṃ abhiruhitvā sāvatthiyā niyyāti divā divassa. Addasā kho rājā pasenadi kosalo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna sirivaḍḍhaṃ mahāmattaṃ āmantesi– “āyasmā no eso, samma sirivaḍḍha, ānando”ti “Evaṃ, mahārāja, āyasmā eso ānando”ti. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo aññataraṃ purisaṃ āmantesi– “ehi tvaṃ, ambho purisa, yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā mama vacanena āyasmato ānandassa pāde sirasā vandāhi– ‘rājā, bhante, pasenadi kosalo āyasmato ānandassa pāde sirasā vandatī’ti. Evañca vadehi– ‘sace kira, bhante, āyasmato ānandassa na kiñci accāyikaṃ karaṇīyaṃ, āgametu kira, bhante, āyasmā ānando muhuttaṃ anukampaṃ upādāyā’”ti. “Evaṃ, devā”ti kho so puriso rañño pasenadissa kosalassa paṭissutvā yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho so puriso āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca– “rājā, bhante, pasenadi kosalo āyasmato ānandassa pāde sirasā vandati; evañca vadeti– ‘sace kira, bhante, āyasmato ānandassa na kiñci accāyikaṃ karaṇīyaṃ, āgametu kira, bhante, āyasmā ānando muhuttaṃ anukampaṃ upādāyā’”ti. Adhivāsesi kho āyasmā ānando tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo yāvatikā nāgassa bhūmi nāgena gantvā nāgā paccorohitvā pattikova yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho rājā pasenadi kosalo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca– “sace, bhante, āyasmato ānandassa na kiñci accāyikaṃ karaṇīyaṃ sādhu, bhante, āyasmā ānando yena aciravatiyā nadiyā tīraṃ tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā”ti. Adhivāsesi kho āyasmā ānando tuṇhībhāvena.

　　 359. Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena aciravatiyā nadiyā tīraṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo yāvatikā nāgassa bhūmi nāgena gantvā nāgā paccorohitvā pattikova yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho rājā pasenadi kosalo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca– “idha, bhante, āyasmā ānando hatthatthare nisīdatū”ti. “Alaṃ, mahārāja. Nisīda tvaṃ; nisinno ahaṃ sake āsane”ti. Nisīdi kho rājā pasenadi kosalo paññatte āsane. Nisajja kho rājā pasenadi kosalo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca– “kiṃ nu kho, bhante ānanda, so bhagavā tathārūpaṃ kāyasamācāraṃ samācareyya, yvāssa kāyasamācāro opārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehī”ti? “Na kho, mahārāja, so bhagavā tathārūpaṃ kāyasamācāraṃ samācareyya, yvāssa kāyasamācāro opārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī”ti.

　　 “Kiṃ pana, bhante ānanda, so bhagavā tathārūpaṃ vacīsamācāraṃ …pe… manosamācāraṃ samācareyya, yvāssa manosamācāro opārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehī”ti? “Na kho, mahārāja, so bhagavā tathārūpaṃ manosamācāraṃ samācareyya, yvāssa manosamācāro opārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī”ti.

　　 “Acchariyaṃ, bhante, abbhutaṃ, bhante! Yañhi mayaṃ, bhante, nāsakkhimhā pañhena paripūretuṃ taṃ, bhante, āyasmatā ānandena pañhassa veyyākaraṇena paripūritaṃ. Ye te, bhante, bālā abyattā ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā paresaṃ vaṇṇaṃ vā avaṇṇaṃ vā bhāsanti, na mayaṃ taṃ sārato paccāgacchāma; ye pana te, bhante paṇḍitā viyattā medhāvino anuvicca pariyogāhetvā paresaṃ vaṇṇaṃ vā avaṇṇaṃ vā bhāsanti, mayaṃ taṃ sārato paccāgacchāma”.

　　 360. “Katamo pana, bhante ānanda, kāyasamācāro opārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī”ti? “Yo kho, mahārāja, kāyasamācāro akusalo”.

　　 “Katamo pana, bhante, kāyasamācāro akusalo”? “Yo kho, mahārāja, kāyasamācāro sāvajjo”.

　　 “Katamo pana, bhante, kāyasamācāro sāvajjo”? “Yo kho, mahārāja, kāyasamācāro sabyābajjho” .

　　 “Katamo pana, bhante, kāyasamācāro sabyābajjho”? “Yo kho, mahārāja, kāyasamācāro dukkhavipāko”.

　　 “Katamo pana, bhante, kāyasamācāro dukkhavipāko”? “Yo kho, mahārāja, kāyasamācāro attabyābādhāyapi saṃvattati, parabyābādhāyapi saṃvattati, ubhayabyābādhāyapi saṃvattati tassa akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti; evarūpo kho, mahārāja, kāyasamācāro opārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī”ti.

　　 “Katamo pana, bhante ānanda, vacīsamācāro …pe… manosamācāro opārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī”ti? “Yo kho, mahārāja, manosamācāro akusalo”.

　　 “Katamo pana, bhante, manosamācāro akusalo”? “Yo kho, mahārāja, manosamācāro sāvajjo”.

　　 “Katamo pana, bhante, manosamācāro sāvajjo”? “Yo kho, mahārāja, manosamācāro sabyābajjho”.

　　 “Katamo pana, bhante, manosamācāro sabyābajjho”? “Yo kho, mahārāja, manosamācāro dukkhavipāko”.

　　 “Katamo pana, bhante, manosamācāro dukkhavipāko”? “Yo kho, mahārāja, manosamācāro attabyābādhāyapi saṃvattati, parabyābādhāyapi saṃvattati, ubhayabyābādhāyapi saṃvattati tassa akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti; evarūpo kho, mahārāja, manosamācāro opārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī”ti.

　　 “Kiṃ nu kho, bhante ānanda, so bhagavā sabbesaṃyeva akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānaṃ vaṇṇetī”ti? “Sabbākusaladhammapahīno kho, mahārāja, tathāgato kusaladhammasamannāgato”ti.

　　 361. “Katamo pana, bhante ānanda, kāyasamācāro anopārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī”ti? “Yo kho, mahārāja, kāyasamācāro kusalo”.

　　 “Katamo pana, bhante, kāyasamācāro kusalo”? “Yo kho, mahārāja, kāyasamācāro anavajjo”.

　　 “Katamo pana, bhante, kāyasamācāro anavajjo”? “Yo kho, mahārāja, kāyasamācāro abyābajjho”.

　　 “Katamo pana, bhante, kāyasamācāro abyābajjho”? “Yo kho, mahārāja, kāyasamācāro sukhavipāko”.

　　 “Katamo pana, bhante, kāyasamācāro sukhavipāko”?

　　 “Yo kho, mahārāja, kāyasamācāro nevattabyābādhāyapi saṃvattati, na parabyābādhāyapi saṃvattati, na ubhayabyābādhāyapi saṃvattati tassa akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti; evarūpo kho, mahārāja, kāyasamācāro anopārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī”ti.

　　 “Katamo pana, bhante ānanda, vacīsamācāro …pe… manosamācāro anopārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī”ti? “Yo kho, mahārāja, manosamācāro kusalo”.

　　 “Katamo pana, bhante, manosamācāro kusalo”? “Yo kho, mahārāja, manosamācāro anavajjo”.

　　 “Katamo pana, bhante, manosamācāro anavajjo”? “Yo kho, mahārāja, manosamācāro abyābajjho”.

　　 “Katamo pana, bhante, manosamācāro abyābajjho”? “Yo kho, mahārāja, manosamācāro sukhavipāko”.

　　 “Katamo pana, bhante, manosamācāro sukhavipāko”? “Yo kho, mahārāja, manosamācāro nevattabyābādhāyapi saṃvattati, na parabyābādhāyapi saṃvattati, na ubhayabyābādhāyapi saṃvattati. Tassa akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti. Evarūpo kho, mahārāja, manosamācāro anopārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī”ti.

　　 “Kiṃ pana, bhante ānanda, so bhagavā sabbesaṃyeva kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadaṃ vaṇṇetī”ti? “Sabbākusaladhammapahīno kho, mahārāja, tathāgato kusaladhammasamannāgato”ti.

　　 362. “Acchariyaṃ bhante, abbhutaṃ, bhante! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ, bhante, āyasmatā ānandena. Iminā ca mayaṃ, bhante, āyasmato ānandassa subhāsitena attamanābhiraddhā. Evaṃ attamanābhiraddhā ca mayaṃ bhante, āyasmato ānandassa subhāsitena. Sace, bhante, āyasmato ānandassa hatthiratanaṃ kappeyya, hatthiratanampi mayaṃ āyasmato ānandassa dadeyyāma. Sace, bhante, āyasmato ānandassa assaratanaṃ kappeyya, assaratanampi mayaṃ āyasmato ānandassa dadeyyāma. Sace, bhante, āyasmato ānandassa gāmavaraṃ kappeyya, gāmavarampi mayaṃ āyasmato ānandassa dadeyyāma. Api ca, bhante, mayampetaṃ jānāma– ‘netaṃ āyasmato ānandassa kappatī’ti. Ayaṃ me, bhante, bāhitikā raññā māgadhena ajātasattunā vedehiputtena vatthanāḷiyā pakkhipitvā pahitā soḷasasamā āyāmena, aṭṭhasamā vitthārena Taṃ, bhante, āyasmā ānando paṭiggaṇhātu anukampaṃ upādāyā”ti. “Alaṃ, mahārāja, paripuṇṇaṃ me ticīvaran”ti.

　　 “Ayaṃ bhante, aciravatī nadī diṭṭhā āyasmatā ceva ānandena amhehi ca. Yadā uparipabbate mahāmegho abhippavuṭṭho hoti, athāyaṃ aciravatī nadī ubhato kūlāni saṃvissandantī gacchati; evameva kho, bhante, āyasmā ānando imāya bāhitikāya attano ticīvaraṃ karissati. Yaṃ panāyasmato ānandassa purāṇaṃ ticīvaraṃ taṃ sabrahmacārīhi saṃvibhajissati. Evāyaṃ amhākaṃ dakkhiṇā saṃvissandantī maññe gamissati. Paṭiggaṇhātu, bhante, āyasmā ānando bāhitikan”ti. Paṭiggahesi kho āyasmā ānando bāhitikaṃ.

　　 Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca– “handa ca dāni mayaṃ, bhante ānanda, gacchāma; bahukiccā mayaṃ bahukaraṇīyā”ti. “Yassadāni tvaṃ, mahārāja, kālaṃ maññasī”ti. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo āyasmato ānandassa bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi.

　　 363. Atha kho āyasmā ānando acirapakkantassa rañño pasenadissa kosalassa yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando yāvatako ahosi raññā pasenadinā kosalena saddhiṃ kathāsallāpo taṃ sabbaṃ bhagavato ārocesi. Tañca bāhitikaṃ bhagavato pādāsi. Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “lābhā, bhikkhave, rañño pasenadissa kosalassa, suladdhalābhā, bhikkhave, rañño pasenadissa kosalassa; yaṃ rājā pasenadi kosalo labhati ānandaṃ dassanāya, labhati payirupāsanāyā”ti.

　　 Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.

　　 Bāhitikasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ.