中部59经/多受经(屋主品[6])

这是我亲身听闻到的，有个时候，佛陀住在舍卫城的祇树林给孤独园。那时，五支工匠来到优陀夷尊者处。到达后，向优陀夷尊者礼敬，然后坐在一旁。坐在一旁后，五支工匠对优陀夷尊者说："优陀夷尊者，世尊说有几种受？"

"工匠啊，世尊说有三种受。乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受 - 工匠啊，这是世尊所说的三种受。"

听到这话，五支工匠对优陀夷尊者说："优陀夷尊者，世尊没有说三种受；世尊说有两种受 - 乐受和苦受。尊者，至于不苦不乐受，世尊说那是属于寂静、殊胜的乐。"

优陀夷尊者第二次对五支工匠说："居士啊，世尊没有说两种受；世尊说有三种受。乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受 - 工匠啊，这是世尊所说的三种受。"

五支工匠第二次对优陀夷尊者说："优陀夷尊者，世尊没有说三种受；世尊说有两种受 - 乐受和苦受。尊者，至于不苦不乐受，世尊说那是属于寂静、殊胜的乐。"

优陀夷尊者第三次对五支工匠说："工匠啊，世尊没有说两种受；世尊说有三种受。乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受 - 工匠啊，这是世尊所说的三种受。"

五支工匠第三次对优陀夷尊者说："尊者优陀夷，世尊没有说三种受，世尊说有两种受 - 乐受和苦受。尊者，至于不苦不乐受，世尊说那是属于寂静、殊胜的乐。"

优陀夷尊者无法说服五支工匠，五支工匠也无法说服优陀夷尊者。

阿难尊者听到了优陀夷尊者与五支工匠的这番对话。然后，阿难尊者来到佛陀处。到达后，向佛陀礼敬，然后坐在一旁。坐在一旁后，阿难尊者将优陀夷尊者与五支工匠的整个对话告诉了佛陀。

听到这话，佛陀对阿难尊者说："阿难啊，五支工匠没有赞同优陀夷所说的某个方面，优陀夷也没有赞同五支工匠所说的某个方面。阿难啊，如来从一个角度说有两种受，从另一个角度说有三种受，从另一个角度说有五种受，从另一个角度说有六种受，从另一个角度说有十八种受，从另一个角度说有三十六种受，从另一个角度说有一百零八种受。阿难啊，如来就是这样从不同角度教导法。阿难啊，当如来这样从不同角度教导法时，如果有人不同意、不赞成、不随喜别人说得好的话，可以预料他们会争吵、斗争、辩论，用言语互相伤害。阿难啊，当如来这样从不同角度教导法时，如果有人同意、赞成、随喜别人说得好的话，可以预料他们会和睦相处，欢喜融洽，不起争执，如水乳交融，以慈爱的眼光彼此对视。"

"阿难啊，有这五种欲。哪五种？眼识可识别的色（色解释：物质事物），是可意的、可爱的、悦意的、可爱乐的、与欲有关的、令人贪恋的；耳识可识别的声...鼻识可识别的香...舌识可识别的味...身识可识别的触，是可意的、可爱的、悦意的、可爱乐的、与欲有关的、令人贪恋的 - 阿难啊，这就是五种欲。阿难啊，缘于这五种欲而生起的乐和喜悦，这就叫做欲乐。

"阿难啊，如果有人说：'这是众生所能感受的最高乐和喜悦'，如来不同意这种说法。为什么呢？阿难啊，因为还有比这种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐。阿难啊，什么是比这种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐呢？阿难啊，比丘离欲、离不善法，有寻有伺（有寻有伺解释，见第八百八十九章），离生喜乐，成就并住于初禅（初禅解释，见第一百五十五章）。阿难啊，这就是比那种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐。

"阿难啊，如果有人说：'这是众生所能感受的最高乐和喜悦'，如来不同意这种说法。为什么呢？阿难啊，因为还有比这种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐。阿难啊，什么是比这种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐呢？阿难啊，比丘寻伺寂静...成就并住于第二禅（二禅解释，见第一百五十五章）。阿难啊，这就是比那种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐。

"阿难啊，如果有人说...什么是比这种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐呢？阿难啊，比丘离喜...成就并住于第三禅（三禅解释，见第一百五十五章）。阿难啊，这就是比那种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐。

"阿难啊，如果有人说...什么是比这种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐呢？阿难啊，比丘舍乐...成就并住于第四禅（四禅解释，见第一百五十五章）。阿难啊，这就是比那种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐。

"阿难啊，如果有人说...什么是比这种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐呢？阿难啊，比丘超越一切色想，灭有对想（色解释：物质事物，有对想解释：即是五根对五境接触碰撞生起念想，也就是由眼睛与物质事物，耳朵与声音，鼻子与气味，舌头与味道，身体与触觉生起念想），不作意种种想，成就并住于'空无边处（空无边处解释，见第一百五十五章）'。阿难啊，这就是比那种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐。

"阿难啊，如果有人说...什么是比这种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐呢？阿难啊，比丘超越一切空无边处，成就并住于'识无边处（识无边处解释，见第一百五十五章）'。阿难啊，这就是比那种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐。

"阿难啊，如果有人说...什么是比这种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐呢？阿难啊，比丘超越一切识无边处，成就并住于'无所有处（无所有处解释，见第一百五十五章）'。阿难啊，这就是比那种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐。

"阿难啊，如果有人说...什么是比这种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐呢？阿难啊，比丘超越一切无所有处，成就并住于'非想非非想处（非想非非想处解释，见第一百五十五章）'。阿难啊，这就是比那种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐。

"阿难啊，如果有人说：'这是众生所能感受的最高乐和喜悦'，如来不同意这种说法。为什么呢？阿难啊，因为还有比这种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐。阿难啊，什么是比这种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐呢？阿难啊，比丘超越一切非想非非想处，成就并住于想受灭（想受灭解释，见第一百五十五章）。阿难啊，这就是比那种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐。

"阿难啊，可能会有这种情况，其他外道游方者会这样说：'沙门乔达摩说想受灭，并称之为乐。这是什么意思？这怎么可能？'阿难啊，当其他外道游方者这样说时，应该这样回答他们：'朋友们，世尊不是只考虑乐受才称之为乐；朋友们，无论在哪里发现乐，如来都称之为乐。'"

佛陀如是说。阿难尊者欢喜，随喜佛陀所说。

多受经第九终。

巴利语原版经文

MN.59/(9) Bahuvedanīyasuttaṃ

　　 88. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho pañcakaṅgo thapati yenāyasmā udāyī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho pañcakaṅgo thapati āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ etadavoca– “kati nu kho, bhante udāyi, vedanā vuttā bhagavatā”ti? “Tisso kho, thapati, vedanā vuttā bhagavatā. Sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā– imā kho, thapati, tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā”ti. Evaṃ vutte, pañcakaṅgo thapati āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ etadavoca– “na kho, bhante udāyi, tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā; dve vedanā vuttā bhagavatā– sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā. Yāyaṃ, bhante, adukkhamasukhā vedanā santasmiṃ esā paṇīte sukhe vuttā bhagavatā”ti. Dutiyampi kho āyasmā udāyī pañcakaṅgaṃ thapatiṃ etadavoca– “na kho, gahapati, dve vedanā vuttā bhagavatā; tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā. Sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā– imā kho, thapati, tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā”ti. Dutiyampi kho pañcakaṅgo thapati āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ etadavoca– “na kho, bhante udāyi, tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā; dve vedanā vuttā bhagavatā– sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā. Yāyaṃ, bhante adukkhamasukhā vedanā santasmiṃ esā paṇīte sukhe vuttā bhagavatā”ti. Tatiyampi kho āyasmā udāyī pañcakaṅgaṃ thapatiṃ etadavoca– “na kho, thapati, dve vedanā vuttā bhagavatā; tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā. Sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā– imā kho, thapati, tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā”ti. Tatiyampi kho pañcakaṅgo thapati āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ etadavoca– “na kho, bhante udāyi, tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā, dve vedanā vuttā bhagavatā – sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā. Yāyaṃ, bhante, adukkhamasukhā vedanā santasmiṃ esā paṇīte sukhe vuttā bhagavatā”ti. Neva kho sakkhi āyasmā udāyī pañcakaṅgaṃ thapatiṃ saññāpetuṃ na panāsakkhi pañcakaṅgo thapati āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ saññāpetuṃ.

　　 89. Assosi kho āyasmā ānando āyasmato udāyissa pañcakaṅgena thapatinā saddhiṃ imaṃ kathāsallāpaṃ. Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando yāvatako ahosi āyasmato udāyissa pañcakaṅgena thapatinā saddhiṃ kathāsallāpo taṃ sabbaṃ bhagavato ārocesi. Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca– “santaññeva kho, ānanda, pariyāyaṃ pañcakaṅgo thapati udāyissa nābbhanumodi, santaññeva ca pana pariyāyaṃ udāyī pañcakaṅgassa thapatissa nābbhanumodi. Dvepānanda, vedanā vuttā mayā pariyāyena tissopi vedanā vuttā mayā pariyāyena, pañcapi vedanā vuttā mayā pariyāyena, chapi vedanā vuttā mayā pariyāyena, aṭṭhārasapi vedanā vuttā mayā pariyāyena, chattiṃsapi vedanā vuttā mayā pariyāyena, aṭṭhasatampi vedanā vuttā mayā pariyāyena. Evaṃ pariyāyadesito kho, ānanda, mayā dhammo. Evaṃ pariyāyadesite kho, ānanda, mayā dhamme ye aññamaññassa subhāsitaṃ sulapitaṃ na samanujānissanti na samanumaññissanti na samanumodissanti tesametaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ– bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharissanti. Evaṃ pariyāyadesito kho, ānanda, mayā dhammo. Evaṃ pariyāyadesite kho, ānanda, mayā dhamme ye aññamaññassa subhāsitaṃ sulapitaṃ samanujānissanti samanumaññissanti samanumodissanti tesametaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ– samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṃ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharissanti”.

　　 90. “Pañca kho ime, ānanda, kāmaguṇā. Katame pañca? Cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā, sotaviññeyyā saddā …pe… ghānaviññeyyā gandhā …pe… jivhāviññeyyā rasā …pe… kāyaviññeyyā phoṭṭhabbā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā– ime kho, ānanda, pañca kāmaguṇā. Yaṃ kho, ānanda, ime pañca kāmaguṇe paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ idaṃ vuccati kāmasukhaṃ.

　　 “Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya– ‘etaparamaṃ sattā sukhaṃ somanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedentī’ti, idamassa nānujānāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Atthānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.

　　 “Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya– ‘etaparamaṃ sattā sukhaṃ somanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedentī’ti, idamassa nānujānāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Atthānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā …pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.

　　 “Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya …pe…. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu pītiyā ca virāgā …pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.

　　 “Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya …pe…. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā …pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.

　　 “Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya …pe…. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca Idhānanda, bhikkhu sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā, paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā, nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.

　　 “Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya …pe…. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇan’ti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.

　　 “Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya …pe…. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.

　　 “Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya …pe…. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.

　　 “Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya– ‘etaparamaṃ sattā sukhaṃ somanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedentī’ti, idamassa nānujānāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Atthānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu sabbaso nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.

　　 91. “Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, ānanda, vijjati yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ ‘saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ samaṇo gotamo āha; tañca sukhasmiṃ paññapeti. Tayidaṃ kiṃsu, tayidaṃ kathaṃsū’ti? Evaṃvādino, ānanda, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evamassu vacanīyā– ‘na kho, āvuso, bhagavā sukhaṃyeva vedanaṃ sandhāya sukhasmiṃ paññapeti; api ca, āvuso, yattha yattha sukhaṃ upalabbhati yahiṃ yahiṃ taṃ taṃ tathāgato sukhasmiṃ paññapetī’”ti.

　　 Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā ānando bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.

　　 Bahuvedanīyasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ navamaṃ.