第一千零四十二章 无畏王子经
中部58经/无畏王子经(屋主品[6])
这是我亲身听闻到的,有一次,佛陀住在王舍城竹林园的松鼠屈。当时,无畏王子来到尼干子处。到达后,向尼干子行礼,然后坐在一旁。尼干子对坐在一旁的无畏王子说:"来吧,王子,去论破沙门乔达摩。这样你就会得到美好的名声:'无畏王子论破了如此大神通、大威力的沙门乔达摩'。"
"但是,尊者,我要如何论破如此大神通、大威力的沙门乔达摩呢?"
"来吧,王子,你去沙门乔达摩那里,到了之后这样问他:'尊者,如来会说令他人不喜欢、不满意的话吗?'如果沙门乔达摩回答说:'王子,如来会说令他人不喜欢、不满意的话',那么你就对他说:'那么,尊者,您与凡夫有什么区别呢?因为凡夫也会说令他人不喜欢、不满意的话。'如果沙门乔达摩回答说:'不,王子,如来不会说令他人不喜欢、不满意的话',那么你就对他说:'那么,尊者,您为什么说提婆达多"必堕恶趣,必堕地狱,要经一劫,无法救药"呢(一劫解释:即一长时。劫为劫簸之略称,乃分别时节之意。释迦氏谱:‘劫波,此土译之名大时也。此一大时,其年无数,假以喻显,方可委知;劫解释,见第一百三十七章)?因为您说这话使得提婆达多生气不悦。'王子啊,沙门乔达摩被问到这个两难问题时,既不能吐出也不能吞下。就像一个人喉咙里卡住了铁钩,既不能吐出也不能吞下。同样的,王子啊,沙门乔达摩被问到这个两难问题时,既不能吐出也不能吞下。"
"好的,尊者。"无畏王子答应了尼干子,然后起身离开,向尼干子行礼,右绕三匝后来到佛陀处。到达后,向佛陀行礼,然后坐在一旁。
坐在一旁的无畏王子看了看太阳,心想:"现在不是论难佛陀的时候。明天我要在自己家里论难佛陀。"于是对佛陀说:"尊者,请尊者明天与三位随从接受我的供养。"佛陀以沉默表示同意。无畏王子知道佛陀已经同意,就起身离开,向佛陀行礼,右绕三匝后离去。
第二天早晨,佛陀穿好衣服,拿着衣钵,来到无畏王子的住处。到达后,坐在准备好的座位上。无畏王子亲自以美味的食物供养佛陀,使他满足。佛陀用完餐,洗净手钵后,无畏王子拿了一个低座,坐在一旁。
坐在一旁的无畏王子对佛陀说:"尊者,如来会说令他人不喜欢、不满意的话吗?"
"王子,这个问题不能一概而论。"
"尊者,在这一点上尼干们失败了。"
"王子,你为什么说'在这一点上尼干们失败了'呢?"
"尊者,我去了尼干子那里,向他行礼后坐在一旁。尼干子对我说:'来吧,王子,去论破沙门乔达摩。这样你就会得到美好的名声:"无畏王子论破了如此大神通、大威力的沙门乔达摩"。'我问他:'但是,尊者,我要如何论破如此大神通、大威力的沙门乔达摩呢?'他说:'来吧,王子,你去沙门乔达摩那里,到了之后这样问他:"尊者,如来会说令他人不喜欢、不满意的话吗?"如果沙门乔达摩回答说:"王子,如来会说令他人不喜欢、不满意的话",那么你就对他说:"那么,尊者,您与凡夫有什么区别呢?因为凡夫也会说令他人不喜欢、不满意的话。"如果沙门乔达摩回答说:"不,王子,如来不会说令他人不喜欢、不满意的话",那么你就对他说:"那么,尊者,您为什么说提婆达多'必堕恶趣,必堕地狱,要经一劫,无法救药'呢?因为您说这话使得提婆达多生气不悦。"王子啊,沙门乔达摩被问到这个两难问题时,既不能吐出也不能吞下。就像一个人喉咙里卡住了铁钩,既不能吐出也不能吞下。同样的,王子啊,沙门乔达摩被问到这个两难问题时,既不能吐出也不能吞下。'"
那时,一个年幼的婴儿正躺在无畏王子的膝上。佛陀对无畏王子说:"王子,你怎么看?如果这个婴儿因为你或保姆的疏忽,把一块木头或石头放进嘴里,你会怎么做?"
"尊者,我会把它拿出来。如果我不能一下子拿出来,我会用左手扶住他的头,用右手弯曲手指去取,即使会流血我也要取出来。为什么呢?因为我对这个婴儿有同情心。"
"同样的,王子,如来知道某些话是虚假的、不真实的、无益的,而且令他人不喜欢、不满意,如来就不说这样的话。如来知道某些话是真实的、如实的,但无益的,而且令他人不喜欢、不满意,如来也不说这样的话。如来知道某些话是真实的、如实的、有益的,但令他人不喜欢、不满意,如来会选择适当的时机说这样的话。如来知道某些话是虚假的、不真实的、无益的,但令他人喜欢、满意,如来不说这样的话。如来知道某些话是真实的、如实的,但无益的,虽然令他人喜欢、满意,如来也不说这样的话。如来知道某些话是真实的、如实的、有益的,而且令他人喜欢、满意,如来会选择适当的时机说这样的话。为什么呢?因为,王子,如来对众生有同情心。"
"尊者,那些有智慧的刹帝利、婆罗门、居士和沙门(刹帝利解释:意译地主、王种。略作刹利。乃印度四姓阶级中之第二阶级,地位仅次于婆罗门,乃王族、贵族、士族所属之阶级,系从事军事、政治者。释尊即出身此阶级;婆罗门解释:意译净行、梵行、梵志、承习。印度四姓中,最上位之僧侣、学者阶级。为古印度一切知识之垄断者,自认为印度社会之最胜种姓;居士解释:任何宗教没有出家,在家修行的人;沙门解释:任何宗教出家修行的人),他们准备好问题来问尊者,是否尊者事先就想好了:'他们会来问尊者这样的问题,尊者会这样回答'?还是当场就能回答?"
"那么,王子,如来反过来问你,你觉得合适就回答。王子,你精通马车的各个部件吗?"
"是的,尊者,我精通马车的各个部件。"
"王子,你怎么看?如果有人来问你:'这个马车的部件叫什么名字?'你是否事先就想好了:'他们会来问我这样的问题,我会这样回答'?还是当场就能回答?"
"尊者,因为我是著名的车夫,精通马车的各个部件。我完全了解马车的所有部件。我能当场就回答。"
"同样的,王子,那些有智慧的刹帝利、婆罗门、居士和沙门,他们准备好问题来问如来,如来能当场就回答。为什么呢?因为,王子,如来已经完全通达了法界,由于完全通达了法界,所以能当场就回答(法界解释:指意识所缘对象之所有事物。为十八界之一。据俱舍论卷一载,受、想、行三蕴与无表色、无为法,称为法界;于十二处之中,则称为法处。然十八界中其他之十七界亦称为法,故广义泛指有为、无为之一切诸法,亦称为法界。就字义而言,界有‘种族生本’之义,例如山中藏有金银等种种矿脉,一身之中具足眼等诸法,各各自类相续而生。又界或为‘种类各别’之义,即诸法的自性各异之意)。"
听了这话,无畏王子对佛陀说:"太奇妙了,尊者!太不可思议了,尊者!...从今以后,我终生皈依世尊、法和僧团。"
第八《无畏王子经》结束。
巴利语原版经文
MN.58/(8) Abhayarājakumārasuttaṃ
83. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho abhayo rājakumāro yena nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā nigaṇṭhaṃ nāṭaputtaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho abhayaṃ rājakumāraṃ nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto etadavoca– “ehi tvaṃ, rājakumāra, samaṇassa gotamassa vādaṃ āropehi. Evaṃ te kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchissati– ‘abhayena rājakumārena samaṇassa gotamassa evaṃ mahiddhikassa evaṃ mahānubhāvassa vādo āropito’”ti. “Yathā kathaṃ panāhaṃ, bhante, samaṇassa gotamassa evaṃ mahiddhikassa evaṃ mahānubhāvassa vādaṃ āropessāmī”ti? “Ehi tvaṃ, rājakumāra, yena samaṇo gotamo tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ vadehi– ‘bhāseyya nu kho, bhante, tathāgato taṃ vācaṃ yā sā vācā paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā’ti? Sace te samaṇo gotamo evaṃ puṭṭho evaṃ byākaroti– ‘bhāseyya, rājakumāra, tathāgato taṃ vācaṃ yā sā vācā paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā’ti, tamenaṃ tvaṃ evaṃ vadeyyāsi– ‘atha kiñcarahi te, bhante, puthujjanena nānākaraṇaṃ? Puthujjanopi hi taṃ vācaṃ bhāseyya yā sā vācā paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā’ti. Sace pana te samaṇo gotamo evaṃ puṭṭho evaṃ byākaroti– ‘na, rājakumāra, tathāgato taṃ vācaṃ bhāseyya yā sā vācā paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā’ti, tamenaṃ tvaṃ evaṃ vadeyyāsi– ‘atha kiñcarahi te, bhante, devadatto byākato– “āpāyiko devadatto, nerayiko devadatto, kappaṭṭho devadatto, atekiccho devadatto”ti? Tāya ca pana te vācāya devadatto kupito ahosi anattamano’ti. Imaṃ kho te, rājakumāra, samaṇo gotamo ubhatokoṭikaṃ pañhaṃ puṭṭho samāno neva sakkhiti uggilituṃ na sakkhiti ogilituṃ. Seyyathāpi nāma purisassa ayosiṅghāṭakaṃ kaṇṭhe vilaggaṃ, so neva sakkuṇeyya uggilituṃ na sakkuṇeyya ogilituṃ; evameva kho te, rājakumāra, samaṇo gotamo imaṃ ubhatokoṭikaṃ pañhaṃ puṭṭho samāno neva sakkhiti uggilituṃ na sakkhiti ogilitun”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho abhayo rājakumāro nigaṇṭhassa nāṭaputtassa paṭissutvā uṭṭhāyāsanā nigaṇṭhaṃ nāṭaputtaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.
84. Ekamantaṃ nisinnassa kho abhayassa rājakumārassa sūriyaṃ ulloketvā etadahosi– “akālo kho ajja bhagavato vādaṃ āropetuṃ Sve dānāhaṃ sake nivesane bhagavato vādaṃ āropessāmī”ti bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “adhivāsetu me, bhante, bhagavā svātanāya attacatuttho bhattan”ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho abhayo rājakumāro bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho bhagavā tassā rattiyā accayena pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena abhayassa rājakumārassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho abhayo rājakumāro bhagavantaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi. Atha kho abhayo rājakumāro bhagavantaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ aññataraṃ nīcaṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.
85. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho abhayo rājakumāro bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “bhāseyya nu kho, bhante, tathāgato taṃ vācaṃ yā sā vācā paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā”ti? “Na khvettha, rājakumāra, ekaṃsenā”ti. “Ettha, bhante, anassuṃ nigaṇṭhā”ti. “Kiṃ pana tvaṃ, rājakumāra, evaṃ vadesi– ‘ettha bhante, anassuṃ nigaṇṭhā’”ti? “Idhāhaṃ, bhante, yena nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā nigaṇṭhaṃ nāṭaputtaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃ. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho maṃ, bhante, nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto etadavoca– ‘ehi tvaṃ, rājakumāra, samaṇassa gotamassa vādaṃ āropehi. Evaṃ te kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchissati– abhayena rājakumārena samaṇassa gotamassa evaṃ mahiddhikassa evaṃ mahānubhāvassa vādo āropito’ti. Evaṃ vutte, ahaṃ, bhante, nigaṇṭhaṃ nāṭaputtaṃ etadavocaṃ– ‘yathā kathaṃ panāhaṃ bhante, samaṇassa gotamassa evaṃ mahiddhikassa evaṃ mahānubhāvassa vādaṃ āropessāmī’ti? ‘Ehi tvaṃ, rājakumāra, yena samaṇo gotamo tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ vadehi– bhāseyya nu kho, bhante, tathāgato taṃ vācaṃ yā sā vācā paresaṃ appiyā amanāpāti? Sace te samaṇo gotamo evaṃ puṭṭho evaṃ byākaroti– bhāseyya, rājakumāra, tathāgato taṃ vācaṃ yā sā vācā paresaṃ appiyā amanāpāti, tamenaṃ tvaṃ evaṃ vadeyyāsi– atha kiñcarahi te, bhante, puthujjanena nānākaraṇaṃ? Puthujjanopi hi taṃ vācaṃ bhāseyya yā sā vācā paresaṃ appiyā amanāpāti. Sace pana te samaṇo gotamo evaṃ puṭṭho evaṃ byākaroti– na, rājakumāra, tathāgato taṃ vācaṃ bhāseyya yā sā vācā paresaṃ appiyā amanāpāti, tamenaṃ tvaṃ evaṃ vadeyyāsi – atha kiñcarahi te, bhante, devadatto byākato– āpāyiko devadatto, nerayiko devadatto, kappaṭṭho devadatto, atekiccho devadattoti? Tāya ca pana te vācāya devadatto kupito ahosi anattamanoti. Imaṃ kho te, rājakumāra, samaṇo gotamo ubhatokoṭikaṃ pañhaṃ puṭṭho samāno neva sakkhiti uggilituṃ na sakkhiti ogilituṃ. Seyyathāpi nāma purisassa ayosiṅghāṭakaṃ kaṇṭhe vilaggaṃ, so neva sakkuṇeyya uggilituṃ na sakkuṇeyya ogilituṃ; evameva kho te, rājakumāra, samaṇo gotamo imaṃ ubhatokoṭikaṃ pañhaṃ puṭṭho samāno neva sakkhiti uggilituṃ na sakkhiti ogilitun’”ti.
86. Tena kho pana samayena daharo kumāro mando uttānaseyyako abhayassa rājakumārassa aṅke nisinno hoti. Atha kho bhagavā abhayaṃ rājakumāraṃ etadavoca– “taṃ kiṃ maññasi, rājakumāra, sacāyaṃ kumāro tuyhaṃ vā pamādamanvāya dhātiyā vā pamādamanvāya kaṭṭhaṃ vā kaṭhalaṃ vā mukhe āhareyya, kinti naṃ kareyyāsī”ti? “Āhareyyassāhaṃ, bhante. Sace, bhante, na sakkuṇeyyaṃ ādikeneva āhattuṃ, vāmena hatthena sīsaṃ pariggahetvā dakkhiṇena hatthena vaṅkaṅguliṃ karitvā salohitampi āhareyyaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Atthi me, bhante, kumāre anukampā”ti. “Evameva kho, rājakumāra, yaṃ tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ sā ca paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā, na taṃ tathāgato vācaṃ bhāsati. Yampi tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ sā ca paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā, tampi tathāgato vācaṃ na bhāsati. Yañca kho tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ sā ca paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā, tatra kālaññū tathāgato hoti tassā vācāya veyyākaraṇāya. Yaṃ tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ sā ca paresaṃ piyā manāpā, na taṃ tathāgato vācaṃ bhāsati. Yampi tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ sā ca paresaṃ piyā manāpā tampi tathāgato vācaṃ na bhāsati. Yañca tathāgato vācaṃ jānāti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ sā ca paresaṃ piyā manāpā, tatra kālaññū tathāgato hoti tassā vācāya veyyākaraṇāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Atthi, rājakumāra, tathāgatassa sattesu anukampā”ti.
87. “Yeme, bhante, khattiyapaṇḍitāpi brāhmaṇapaṇḍitāpi gahapatipaṇḍitāpi samaṇapaṇḍitāpi pañhaṃ abhisaṅkharitvā tathāgataṃ upasaṅkamitvā pucchanti, pubbeva nu kho, etaṃ, bhante bhagavato cetaso parivitakkitaṃ hoti ‘ye maṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ pucchissanti tesāhaṃ evaṃ puṭṭho evaṃ byākarissāmī’ti, udāhu ṭhānasovetaṃ tathāgataṃ paṭibhātī”ti?
“Tena hi, rājakumāra, taññevettha paṭipucchissāmi, yathā te khameyya tathā naṃ byākareyyāsi. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, rājakumāra, kusalo tvaṃ rathassa aṅgapaccaṅgānan”ti?
“Evaṃ, bhante, kusalo ahaṃ rathassa aṅgapaccaṅgānan”ti.
“Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, rājakumāra, ye taṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ puccheyyuṃ– ‘kiṃ nāmidaṃ rathassa aṅgapaccaṅgan’ti? Pubbeva nu kho te etaṃ cetaso parivitakkitaṃ assa ‘ye maṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ pucchissanti tesāhaṃ evaṃ puṭṭho evaṃ byākarissāmī’ti, udāhu ṭhānasovetaṃ paṭibhāseyyā”ti?
“Ahañhi, bhante, rathiko saññāto kusalo rathassa aṅgapaccaṅgānaṃ. Sabbāni me rathassa aṅgapaccaṅgāni suviditāni. Ṭhānasovetaṃ maṃ paṭibhāseyyā”ti
“Evameva kho, rājakumāra, ye te khattiyapaṇḍitāpi brāhmaṇapaṇḍitāpi gahapatipaṇḍitāpi samaṇapaṇḍitāpi pañhaṃ abhisaṅkharitvā tathāgataṃ upasaṅkamitvā pucchanti, ṭhānasovetaṃ tathāgataṃ paṭibhāti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Sā hi, rājakumāra, tathāgatassa dhammadhātu suppaṭividdhā yassā dhammadhātuyā suppaṭividdhattā ṭhānasovetaṃ tathāgataṃ paṭibhātī”ti.
Evaṃ vutte, abhayo rājakumāro bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “abhikkantaṃ, bhante, abhikkantaṃ, bhante …pe… ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gatan”ti.
Abhayarājakumārasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ.