第一千零三十九章 耆婆经
中部55经/耆婆经(屋主品[6])
这是我亲身听闻到的,有个时候,佛陀住在王舍城耆婆·拘摩罗婆蹉的芒果园中。那时,耆婆·拘摩罗婆蹉来到佛陀处,礼敬佛陀后,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的耆婆·拘摩罗婆蹉对佛陀如是说:
"尊者,我听说:'有人为沙门悉达多·乔达摩杀生,沙门悉达多·乔达摩明知是为他而杀的肉却还是接受并食用。'尊者,那些这样说的人:'有人为沙门悉达多·乔达摩杀生,沙门悉达多·乔达摩明知是为他而杀的肉却还是接受并食用。'请问他们是否如实地引述了悉达多·乔达摩的话,没有以不实之事诽谤悉达多·乔达摩,是否如法地解释了法,是否有任何如法的批评之处?"
佛陀说:"耆婆,那些这样说的人:'有人为沙门悉达多·乔达摩杀生,沙门悉达多·乔达摩明知是为他而杀的肉却还是接受并食用。'他们并非如实地引述如来的话,而是以不实之事诽谤如来。耆婆,如来说在三种情况下不应食用肉:见到、听到或怀疑是为自己而杀的。耆婆,如来说这三种情况下不应食用肉。耆婆,如来说在三种情况下可以食用肉:未见到、未听到、未怀疑是为自己而杀的。耆婆,如来说这三种情况下可以食用肉。
耆婆,在这里,比丘依止某村或某镇而住。他以慈心遍满一方而住,如是第二方,如是第三方,如是第四方。如是上下四维一切处,心与慈俱,广大、无量、无怨、无害,遍满一切世间而住。有居士或居士子来到他那里,邀请他明日受食。耆婆,如果比丘愿意的话,就接受邀请。当夜过后,在上午时分,他披衣持钵,前往那位居士或居士子的住处。到达后,坐在准备好的座位上。那位居士或居士子以美味的食物供养他。他并不这样想:'这位居士或居士子以美味的食物供养我真好啊!但愿这位居士或居士子将来也能以这样美味的食物供养我!'他并不这样想。他不贪著、不迷恋、不耽溺地食用那食物,看到过患,具出离慧。耆婆,你认为如何,那位比丘在那时是否想要伤害自己,伤害他人,或伤害双方?"
"尊者,不是的。"
"耆婆,那位比丘在那时是否食用了无过失的食物?"
"是的,尊者。尊者,我听说:'梵天是慈住者(梵天解释:音译婆罗贺摩、没罗含摩、梵摩。意译清净、离欲。印度思想将万有之根源梵,予以神格化,为婆罗门教、印度教之创造神,与湿婆、毗湿奴,并称为婆罗门教与印度教之三大神。据摩奴法典所载,梵天出自金胎(梵卵),原有五头,其一头传为湿婆所毁,余四头,具四手,分别持吠陀经典、莲花、匙子,念珠或钵。佛教将其列为色界之初禅天。一般分为三种,即梵众天、梵辅天与大梵天,总称为梵天。其中,大梵天王统御梵众之人民、梵辅之辅弼臣。又通常所称之梵天大都指大梵天王,又称梵王,名为尸弃或世主。印度古传说中,为劫初时从光音天下生,造作万物,佛教中则以之与帝释天同为佛教之护法神)。'尊者,我亲眼见到尊者您就是这样,因为尊者您确实是慈住者。"
"耆婆,凡是会导致嗔恚、瞋恨、愚痴的贪、嗔、痴,如来已经断除,根除,如截断多罗树头,令其不复存在,于未来不再生起。耆婆,如果你是指这个意思,如来同意你的说法。"
"尊者,我确实是指这个意思。"
佛陀继续说:"耆婆,在这里,比丘依止某村或某镇而住。他以悲心遍满一方而住...以喜心遍满一方而住...以舍心遍满一方而住,如是第二方,如是第三方,如是第四方。如是上下四维一切处,心与舍俱,广大、无量、无怨、无害,遍满一切世间而住。有居士或居士子来到他那里,邀请他明日受食。耆婆,如果比丘愿意的话,就接受邀请。当夜过后,在上午时分,他披衣持钵,前往那位居士或居士子的住处。到达后,坐在准备好的座位上。那位居士或居士子以美味的食物供养他。他并不这样想:'这位居士或居士子以美味的食物供养我真好啊!但愿这位居士或居士子将来也能以这样美味的食物供养我!'他并不这样想。他不贪著、不迷恋、不耽溺地食用那食物,看到过患,具出离慧。耆婆,你认为如何,那位比丘在那时是否想要伤害自己,伤害他人,或伤害双方?"
"尊者,不是的。"
"耆婆,那位比丘在那时是否食用了无过失的食物?"
"是的,尊者。尊者,我听说:'梵天是舍住者。'尊者,我亲眼见到尊者您就是这样,因为尊者您确实是舍住者。"
"耆婆,凡是会导致烦恼、不乐、嗔恨的贪、嗔、痴,如来已经断除,根除,如截断多罗树头,令其不复存在,于未来不再生起。耆婆,如果你是指这个意思,如来同意你的说法。"
"尊者,我确实是指这个意思。"
佛陀接着说:"耆婆,若有人为如来或如来弟子而杀生,他会因五种原因而造下大恶业。当他说:'去把某某动物带来',这是第一个原因,他造下大恶业。当那动物被牵引时感受痛苦和忧恼,这是第二个原因,他造下大恶业。当他说:'去杀这个动物',这是第三个原因,他造下大恶业。当那动物被杀时感受痛苦和忧恼,这是第四个原因,他造下大恶业。当他以不适当的食物供养如来或如来弟子,这是第五个原因,他造下大恶业。耆婆,若有人为如来或如来弟子而杀生,他会因这五种原因而造下大恶业。"
听闻此言,耆婆·拘摩罗婆蹉对佛陀说:"真是奇妙啊,尊者!真是稀有啊,尊者!尊者,比丘们确实食用适当的食物,比丘们确实食用无过失的食物。太好了,尊者!太好了,尊者!...愿尊者接受我为优婆塞,从今日起终生归依。"
第五耆婆经终。
巴利语原版经文
MN.55/(5) Jīvakasuttaṃ
51. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati jīvakassa komārabhaccassa ambavane. Atha kho jīvako komārabhacco yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho jīvako komārabhacco bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante– ‘samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ uddissa pāṇaṃ ārabhanti, taṃ samaṇo gotamo jānaṃ uddissakataṃ maṃsaṃ paribhuñjati paṭiccakamman’ti. Ye te, bhante, evamāhaṃsu– ‘samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ uddissa pāṇaṃ ārabhanti, taṃ samaṇo gotamo jānaṃ uddissakataṃ maṃsaṃ paribhuñjati paṭiccakamman’ti, kacci te, bhante, bhagavato vuttavādino, na ca bhagavantaṃ abhūtena abbhācikkhanti, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākaronti, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānuvādo gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgacchatī”ti?
52. “Ye te, jīvaka, evamāhaṃsu– ‘samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ uddissa pāṇaṃ ārabhanti, taṃ samaṇo gotamo jānaṃ uddissakataṃ maṃsaṃ paribhuñjati paṭiccakamman’ti na me te vuttavādino, abbhācikkhanti ca maṃ te asatā abhūtena. Tīhi kho ahaṃ, jīvaka, ṭhānehi maṃsaṃ aparibhoganti vadāmi. Diṭṭhaṃ, sutaṃ, parisaṅkitaṃ– imehi kho ahaṃ, jīvaka tīhi ṭhānehi maṃsaṃ aparibhoganti vadāmi. Tīhi kho ahaṃ, jīvaka, ṭhānehi maṃsaṃ paribhoganti vadāmi. Adiṭṭhaṃ, asutaṃ, aparisaṅkitaṃ– imehi kho ahaṃ, jīvaka, tīhi ṭhānehi maṃsaṃ paribhoganti vadāmi.
53. “Idha, jīvaka, bhikkhu aññataraṃ gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā upanissāya viharati. So mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā viharati. Tamenaṃ gahapati vā gahapatiputto vā upasaṅkamitvā svātanāya bhattena nimanteti. Ākaṅkhamānova, jīvaka, bhikkhu adhivāseti So tassā rattiyā accayena pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena tassa gahapatissa vā gahapatiputtassa vā nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkamati; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdati. Tamenaṃ so gahapati vā gahapatiputto vā paṇītena piṇḍapātena parivisati. Tassa na evaṃ hoti– ‘sādhu vata māyaṃ gahapati vā gahapatiputto vā paṇītena piṇḍapātena pariviseyyāti! Aho vata māyaṃ gahapati vā gahapatiputto vā āyatimpi evarūpena paṇītena piṇḍapātena pariviseyyā’ti– evampissa na hoti. So taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ agathito amucchito anajjhopanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, jīvaka api nu so bhikkhu tasmiṃ samaye attabyābādhāya vā ceteti, parabyābādhāya vā ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāya vā cetetī”ti?
“No hetaṃ, bhante”.
“Nanu so, jīvaka, bhikkhu tasmiṃ samaye anavajjaṃyeva āhāraṃ āhāretī”ti?
“Evaṃ, bhante. Sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante– ‘brahmā mettāvihārī’ti. Taṃ me idaṃ, bhante, bhagavā sakkhidiṭṭho; bhagavā hi, bhante, mettāvihārī”ti. “Yena kho, jīvaka, rāgena yena dosena yena mohena byāpādavā assa so rāgo so doso so moho tathāgatassa pahīno ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṃkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo. Sace kho te, jīvaka, idaṃ sandhāya bhāsitaṃ anujānāmi te etan”ti. “Etadeva kho pana me, bhante, sandhāya bhāsitaṃ”.
54. “Idha, jīvaka, bhikkhu aññataraṃ gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā upanissāya viharati. So karuṇāsahagatena cetasā …pe… muditāsahagatena cetasā …pe… upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā viharati. Tamenaṃ gahapati vā gahapatiputto vā upasaṅkamitvā svātanāya bhattena nimanteti. Ākaṅkhamānova, jīvaka, bhikkhu adhivāseti. So tassā rattiyā accayena pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena gahapatissa vā gahapatiputtassa vā nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkamati; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdati. Tamenaṃ so gahapati vā gahapatiputto vā paṇītena piṇḍapātena parivisati. Tassa na evaṃ hoti– ‘sādhu vata māyaṃ gahapati vā gahapatiputto vā paṇītena piṇḍapātena pariviseyyāti! Aho vata māyaṃ gahapati vā gahapatiputto vā āyatimpi evarūpena paṇītena piṇḍapātena pariviseyyā’ti– evampissa na hoti. So taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ agathito amucchito anajjhopanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, jīvaka, api nu so bhikkhu tasmiṃ samaye attabyābādhāya vā ceteti, parabyābādhāya vā ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāya vā cetetī”ti?
“No hetaṃ, bhante”.
“Nanu so, jīvaka, bhikkhu tasmiṃ samaye anavajjaṃyeva āhāraṃ āhāretī”ti?
“Evaṃ, bhante. Sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante– ‘brahmā upekkhāvihārī’ti. Taṃ me idaṃ, bhante, bhagavā sakkhidiṭṭho; bhagavā hi, bhante, upekkhāvihārī”ti. “Yena kho, jīvaka, rāgena yena dosena yena mohena vihesavā assa arativā assa paṭighavā assa so rāgo so doso so moho tathāgatassa pahīno ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṃkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo. Sace kho te, jīvaka, idaṃ sandhāya bhāsitaṃ, anujānāmi te etan”ti. “Etadeva kho pana me, bhante, sandhāya bhāsitaṃ”.
55. “Yo kho, jīvaka, tathāgataṃ vā tathāgatasāvakaṃ vā uddissa pāṇaṃ ārabhati so pañcahi ṭhānehi bahuṃ apuññaṃ pasavati. Yampi so, gahapati, evamāha– ‘gacchatha, amukaṃ nāma pāṇaṃ ānethā’ti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena bahuṃ apuññaṃ pasavati. Yampi so pāṇo galappaveṭhakena ānīyamāno dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti, iminā dutiyena ṭhānena bahuṃ apuññaṃ pasavati. Yampi so evamāha– ‘gacchatha imaṃ pāṇaṃ ārabhathā’ti, iminā tatiyena ṭhānena bahuṃ apuññaṃ pasavati. Yampi so pāṇo ārabhiyamāno dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti iminā catutthena ṭhānena bahuṃ apuññaṃ pasavati. Yampi so tathāgataṃ vā tathāgatasāvakaṃ vā akappiyena āsādeti, iminā pañcamena ṭhānena bahuṃ apuññaṃ pasavati. Yo kho, jīvaka, tathāgataṃ vā tathāgatasāvakaṃ vā uddissa pāṇaṃ ārabhati so imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi bahuṃ apuññaṃ pasavatī”ti.
Evaṃ vutte, jīvako komārabhacco bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “acchariyaṃ, bhante, abbhutaṃ, bhante! Kappiyaṃ vata, bhante, bhikkhū āhāraṃ āhārenti anavajjaṃ vata, bhante, bhikkhū āhāraṃ āhārenti. Abhikkantaṃ, bhante, abhikkantaṃ, bhante …pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gatan”ti.
Jīvakasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ pañcamaṃ.