中部52经/八城经(屋主品[6])

这是我亲身听闻到的，有个时候，阿难尊者住在毗舍离的贝卢瓦村。那时，八城人达萨摩居士因某事来到巴特利弗多城。于是，八城人达萨摩居士来到鸡园，走近一位比丘。走近后，向那位比丘致敬，然后坐在一旁。坐在一旁的八城人达萨摩居士对那位比丘如是说："尊者，阿难尊者现在住在哪里？我们想见阿难尊者。"

"居士，阿难尊者现在住在毗舍离的贝卢瓦村。"

于是，八城人达萨摩居士在巴特利弗多城办完事情后，就前往毗舍离的贝卢瓦村，走近阿难尊者。走近后，向阿难尊者致敬，然后坐在一旁。

坐在一旁的八城人达萨摩居士对阿难尊者如是说："阿难尊者，那位知见者、阿罗汉、正等正觉的世尊是否曾说过一法，依此法，精进不放逸、热忱、专注的比丘，能使未解脱的心得解脱，未尽的烦恼得以灭尽，能证得未证得的无上安稳？"

"居士，那位知见者、阿罗汉、正等正觉的世尊确实说过一法，依此法，精进不放逸、热忱、专注的比丘，能使未解脱的心得解脱，未尽的烦恼得以灭尽，能证得未证得的无上安稳。"

"阿难尊者，那位知见者、阿罗汉、正等正觉的世尊所说的这一法是什么呢？依此法，精进不放逸、热忱、专注的比丘，能使未解脱的心得解脱，未尽的烦恼得以灭尽，能证得未证得的无上安稳。"

"居士，在此，比丘离欲、离不善法，有寻有伺（有寻有伺解释，见第八百八十九章），离生喜乐，成就初禅而住（初禅解释，见第一百五十五章）。他如是思惟：'这初禅是有为、有思的。凡是有为、有思的，都是无常、灭法（无常解释：无法永恒存在，无法永远保持不变，随时在变化）。'他如是了知。他安住于此，得以漏尽（漏尽解释：烦恼灭尽）。若未得漏尽，则依此法欲、法喜，灭尽五下分结，成为化生者（五下分结解释，见第六百五十七章；化生解释：本无而忽生之意。即无所依托，借业力而出现者。凡化生者，不缺诸根支分，死亦不留其遗形，即所谓顿生而顿灭，故于四生中亦最胜。化生者，皆以爱染当生处而受其生），在那里般涅槃（般涅槃解释：进入最后的涅槃境界，不再生死轮回；生死轮回解释，见第五百七十八章），不再从那世间回来。居士，这就是那位知见者、阿罗汉、正等正觉的世尊所说的一法，依此法，精进不放逸、热忱、专注的比丘，能使未解脱的心得解脱，未尽的烦恼得以灭尽，能证得未证得的无上安稳。"

"再者，居士，比丘止息寻伺，内心安静...成就第二禅而住（二禅解释，见第一百五十五章）。他如是思惟：'这第二禅也是有为、有思的...'...能证得未证得的无上安稳。"

"再者，居士，比丘离喜...成就第三禅而住（三禅解释，见第一百五十五章）。他如是思惟：'这第三禅也是有为、有思的...'...能证得未证得的无上安稳。"

"再者，居士，比丘舍乐...成就第四禅而住（四禅解释，见第一百五十五章）。他如是思惟：'这第四禅也是有为、有思的...'...能证得未证得的无上安稳。"

"再者，居士，比丘以慈心遍满一方而住，如是第二方，如是第三方，如是第四方。如是上下、四维、一切处，心与慈俱，广大、无量、无怨、无害，遍满一切世间而住。他如是思惟：'这慈心解脱也是有为、有思的。凡是有为、有思的，都是无常、灭法。'他如是了知。他安住于此...能证得未证得的无上安稳。"

"再者，居士，比丘以悲心...以喜心...以舍心遍满一方而住，如是第二方，如是第三方，如是第四方。如是上下、四维、一切处，心与舍俱，广大、无量、无怨、无害，遍满一切世间而住。他如是思惟：'这舍心解脱也是有为、有思的。凡是有为、有思的，都是无常、灭法。'他如是了知。他安住于此...能证得未证得的无上安稳。"

"再者，居士，比丘超越一切色想，灭有对想（色解释：物质事物，有对想解释：即是五根对五境接触碰撞生起念想，也就是由眼睛与物质事物，耳朵与声音，鼻子与气味，舌头与味道，身体与触觉生起念想），不作意种种想，思维'空无边'，成就空无边处而住（空无边处解释，见第一百五十五章）。他如是思惟：'这空无边处定也是有为、有思的。凡是有为、有思的，都是无常、灭法。'他如是了知。他安住于此...能证得未证得的无上安稳。"

"再者，居士，比丘超越一切空无边处，思维'识无边'，成就识无边处而住（识无边处解释，见第一百五十五章）。他如是思惟：'这识无边处定也是有为、有思的。凡是有为、有思的，都是无常、灭法。'他如是了知。他安住于此...能证得未证得的无上安稳。"

"再者，居士，比丘超越一切识无边处，思维'无所有'，成就无所有处而住（无所有处解释，见第一百五十五章）。他如是思惟：'这无所有处定也是有为、有思的（定解释，见第九百三十二章）。凡是有为、有思的，都是无常、灭法。'他如是了知。他安住于此，得以漏尽。若未得漏尽，则依此法欲、法喜，灭尽五下分结，成为化生者，在那里般涅槃，不再从那世间回来。居士，这就是那位知见者、阿罗汉、正等正觉的世尊所说的一法，依此法，精进不放逸、热忱、专注的比丘，能使未解脱的心得解脱，未尽的烦恼得以灭尽，能证得未证得的无上安稳。"

如是说已，八城人达萨摩居士对阿难尊者如是说："阿难尊者，譬如有人寻找一个宝藏入口，却一下子找到了十一个宝藏入口。同样地，尊者，我寻找一个不死之门，却一下子得到了十一个不死之门的修习。尊者，譬如有人的房子有十一扇门，当房子着火时，他可以从任何一扇门逃生。同样地，尊者，我可以通过这十一个不死之门中的任何一个来获得解脱。尊者，这些外道会向老师寻求老师的财物，我为什么不应该供养阿难尊者呢？"

于是，八城人达萨摩居士召集了巴特利弗多和毗舍离的比丘僧团，亲手以美味的硬食、软食供养、满足他们，并赠送每位比丘一套袈裟，赠送阿难尊者三套袈裟，并为阿难尊者建造了一座价值五百的精舍。

《八城经》第二经终。

巴利语原版经文

MN.52/(2) Aṭṭhakanāgarasuttaṃ

　　 17. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ānando vesāliyaṃ viharati beluvagāmake. Tena kho pana samayena dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro pāṭaliputtaṃ anuppatto hoti kenacideva karaṇīyena. Atha kho dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro yena kukkuṭārāmo yena aññataro bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca– “kahaṃ nu kho, bhante, āyasmā ānando etarahi viharati? Dassanakāmā hi mayaṃ taṃ āyasmantaṃ ānandan”ti. “Eso, gahapati, āyasmā ānando vesāliyaṃ viharati beluvagāmake”ti. Atha kho dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro pāṭaliputte taṃ karaṇīyaṃ tīretvā yena vesālī yena beluvagāmako yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.

　　 18. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca– “atthi nu kho, bhante ānanda, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ekadhammo akkhāto yattha bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avimuttañceva cittaṃ vimuccati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇātī”ti?

　　 “Atthi kho, gahapati, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ekadhammo akkhāto yattha bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avimuttañceva cittaṃ vimuccati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇātī”ti.

　　 “Katamo pana, bhante ānanda, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ekadhammo akkhāto yattha bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avimuttañceva cittaṃ vimuccati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇātī”ti?

　　 19. “Idha, gahapati, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘idampi paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamman’ti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito āsavānaṃ khayaṃ pāpuṇāti. No ce āsavānaṃ khayaṃ pāpuṇāti, teneva dhammarāgena tāya dhammanandiyā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko hoti tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. Ayampi kho, gahapati, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ekadhammo akkhāto yattha bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avimuttañceva cittaṃ vimuccati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.

　　 20. “Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ …pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘idampi kho dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu pītiyā ca virāgā …pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘idampi kho tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ …pe… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā …pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘idampi kho catutthaṃ jhānaṃ abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ayampi kho mettācetovimutti abhisaṅkhatā abhisañcetayitā. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamman’ti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito …pe… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu karuṇāsahagatena cetasā …pe… muditāsahagatena cetasā …pe… upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ayampi kho upekkhācetovimutti abhisaṅkhatā abhisañcetayitā. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamman’ti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ayampi kho ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpatti abhisaṅkhatā abhisañcetayitā. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamman’ti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito …pe… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇan’ti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ayampi kho viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpatti abhisaṅkhatā abhisañcetayitā. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamman’ti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito …pe… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ayampi kho ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpatti abhisaṅkhatā abhisañcetayitā. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamman’ti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito āsavānaṃ khayaṃ pāpuṇāti. No ce āsavānaṃ khayaṃ pāpuṇāti, teneva dhammarāgena tāya dhammanandiyā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko hoti tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. Ayampi kho, gahapati, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ekadhammo akkhāto yattha bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avimuttañceva cittaṃ vimuccati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇātī”ti.

　　 21. Evaṃ vutte, dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca– “seyyathāpi, bhante ānanda, puriso ekaṃva nidhimukhaṃ gavesanto sakideva ekādasa nidhimukhāni adhigaccheyya; evameva kho ahaṃ, bhante, ekaṃ amatadvāraṃ gavesanto sakideva ekādasa amatadvārāni alatthaṃ bhāvanāya. Seyyathāpi, bhante, purisassa agāraṃ ekādasadvāraṃ, so tasmiṃ agāre āditte ekamekenapi dvārena sakkuṇeyya attānaṃ sotthiṃ kātuṃ; evameva kho ahaṃ, bhante, imesaṃ ekādasannaṃ amatadvārānaṃ ekamekenapi amatadvārena sakkuṇissāmi attānaṃ sotthiṃ kātuṃ. Imehi nāma, bhante, aññatitthiyā ācariyassa ācariyadhanaṃ pariyesissanti, kimaṅgaṃ panāhaṃ āyasmato ānandassa pūjaṃ na karissāmī”ti Atha kho dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro pāṭaliputtakañca vesālikañca bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātetvā paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi, ekamekañca bhikkhuṃ paccekaṃ dussayugena acchādesi, āyasmantañca ānandaṃ ticīvarena acchādesi, āyasmato ca ānandassa pañcasatavihāraṃ kārāpesīti.

　　 Aṭṭhakanāgarasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dutiyaṃ.