第一千零一十八章 心荒芜经
中部16经/心荒芜经(狮子吼品[2])
这是我亲身听闻到的,有个时候,佛陀住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。在那里,佛陀对比丘们说:”比丘们。” 比丘们回答说:”世尊。”佛陀如是说:”比丘们,任何比丘若有五种心的荒芜未断除,五种心的束缚未切断,他就不可能在这法、律中增长、繁荣、广大(律解释:戒律)。
”什么是他未断除的五种心荒芜?在此,比丘们,比丘对如来怀疑、犹豫、不确信、不净信。比丘们,若有比丘对如来怀疑、犹豫、不确信、不净信,他的心就不会倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进。他的心若不倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进,这就是他未断除的第一种心荒芜。
再者,比丘们,比丘对法怀疑、犹豫、不确信、不净信,他的心就不会倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进。他的心若不倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进,这就是他未断除的第二种心荒芜。
再者,比丘们,比丘对僧团怀疑、犹豫、不确信、不净信,他的心就不会倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进。他的心若不倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进,这就是他未断除的第三种心荒芜。
再者,比丘们,比丘对学上怀疑、犹豫、不确信、不净信。比丘们,若有比丘对学上怀疑、犹豫、不确信、不净信,他的心就不会倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进。他的心若不倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进,这就是他未断除的第四种心荒芜。
再者,比丘们,比丘对同修梵行者生气、不满、心怀怨恨、变得顽固(梵行解释:梵行就是修清净行的意思)。比丘们,若有比丘对同修梵行者生气、不满、心怀怨恨、变得顽固,他的心就不会倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进。他的心若不倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进,这就是他未断除的第五种心荒芜。这些就是他未断除的五种心荒芜。
什么是他未切断的五种心束缚?在此,比丘们,比丘对欲乐未离贪、未离欲、未离爱、未离渴、未离热恼、未离渴爱。比丘们,若有比丘对欲乐未离贪、未离欲、未离爱、未离渴、未离热恼、未离渴爱,他的心就不会倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进。他的心若不倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进,这就是他未切断的第一种心束缚。
再者,比丘们,比丘对身体未离贪、未离欲、未离爱、未离渴、未离热恼、未离渴爱,他的心就不会倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进。他的心若不倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进,这就是他未切断的第二种心束缚。
再者,比丘们,比丘对色未离贪、未离欲、未离爱、未离渴、未离热恼、未离渴爱(色解释:物质事物),他的心就不会倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进。他的心若不倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进,这就是他未切断的第三种心束缚。
再者,比丘们,比丘饱食之后耽于卧乐、倚乐、睡眠之乐。比丘们,若有比丘饱食之后耽于卧乐、倚乐、睡眠之乐,他的心就不会倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进。他的心若不倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进,这就是他未切断的第四种心束缚。
再者,比丘们,比丘为了投生某个天界而修梵行(天界解释,见第八百零五章),心想:'以此戒行、苦行或梵行,我将成为天神或某种天神(天神解释,见第七百九十九章)。比丘们,若有比丘为了投生某个天界而修梵行,心想:'以此戒行、苦行或梵行,我将成为天神或某种天神',他的心就不会倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进。他的心若不倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进,这就是他未切断的第五种心束缚。这些就是他未切断的五种心束缚。
比丘们,任何比丘若有这五种心荒芜未断除,这五种心束缚未切断,他就不可能在这法、律中增长、繁荣、广大。
比丘们,任何比丘若有五种心荒芜已断除,五种心束缚已切断,他就有可能在这法、律中增长、繁荣、广大。
什么是他已断除的五种心荒芜?在此,比丘们,比丘对如来不怀疑、不犹豫、确信、净信。比丘们,若有比丘对如来不怀疑、不犹豫、确信、净信,他的心就会倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进。他的心若倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进,这就是他已断除的第一种心荒芜。
再者,比丘们,比丘对法不怀疑、不犹豫、确信、净信。比丘们,若有比丘对如来的法不怀疑、不犹豫、确信、净信,他的心就会倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进。他的心若倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进,这就是他已断除的第二种心荒芜。
再者,比丘们,比丘对僧团不怀疑、不犹豫、确信、净信。比丘们,若有比丘对僧团不怀疑、不犹豫、确信、净信,他的心就会倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进。他的心若倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进,这就是他已断除的第三种心荒芜。
再者,比丘们,比丘对学上不怀疑、不犹豫、确信、净信。比丘们,若有比丘对学上不怀疑、不犹豫、确信、净信,他的心就会倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进。他的心若倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进,这就是他已断除的第四种心荒芜。
再者,比丘们,比丘对同修梵行者不生气、不不满、不心怀怨恨、不变得顽固。比丘们,若有比丘对同修梵行者不生气、不不满、不心怀怨恨、不变得顽固,他的心就会倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进。他的心若倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进,这就是他已断除的第五种心荒芜。这些就是他已断除的五种心荒芜。
什么是他已切断的五种心束缚?在此,比丘们,比丘对欲乐已离贪、已离欲、已离爱、已离渴、已离热恼、已离渴爱。比丘们,若有比丘对欲乐已离贪、已离欲、已离爱、已离渴、已离热恼、已离渴爱,他的心就会倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进。他的心若倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进,这就是他已切断的第一种心束缚。
再者,比丘们,比丘对身体已离贪、已离欲、已离爱、已离渴、已离热恼、已离渴爱。比丘们,若有比丘对身体已离贪、已离欲、已离爱、已离渴、已离热恼、已离渴爱,他的心就会倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进。他的心若倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进,这就是他已切断的第二种心束缚。
比丘对色已离贪、已离欲、已离爱、已离渴、已离热恼、已离渴爱。比丘们,若有比丘对色已离贪、已离欲、已离爱、已离渴、已离热恼、已离渴爱,他的心就会倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进。他的心若倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进,这就是他已切断的第三种心束缚。
比丘不再饱食后耽于卧乐、倚乐、睡眠之乐。比丘们,若有比丘不再饱食后耽于卧乐、倚乐、睡眠之乐,他的心就会倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进。他的心若倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进,这就是他已切断的第四种心束缚。
再者,比丘们,比丘不再为了投生某个天界而修梵行,不再心想:'以此戒行、苦行或梵行,我将成为天神或某种天神。比丘们,若有比丘不再为了投生某个天界而修梵行,不再心想:'以此戒行、苦行或梵行,我将成为天神或某种天神',他的心就会倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进。他的心若倾向于热忱、专注、恒常、精进,这就是他已切断的第五种心束缚。这些就是他已切断的五种心束缚。
比丘们,任何比丘若有这五种心荒芜已断除,这五种心束缚已切断,他就有可能在这法、律中增长、繁荣、广大。
他修习欲如意足,精进如意足,心如意足,观如意足(如意足解释:也被称为神足,四神足解释,见第八百五十一章),以及第五种精进。比丘们,具备这十五种精进支的比丘就有能力厌离,有能力觉悟,有能力证得无上安稳。比丘们,就像母鸡有八、十或十二个蛋,如果母鸡好好地孵蛋,好好地保暖,好好地照料,即使母鸡不希望:'但愿我的小鸡能用爪子或喙啄破蛋壳,安全地出来!',那些小鸡仍然能够用爪子或喙啄破蛋壳,安全地出来。同样地,比丘们,具备这十五种精进支的比丘就有能力厌离,有能力觉悟,有能力证得无上安稳。”
佛陀说了这些话。那些比丘对世尊的话感到满意和欢喜。
心荒芜经终。
巴利语原版经文
MN.16/(6) Cetokhilasuttaṃ
185. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “bhikkhavo”ti. “Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca–
“Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno pañca cetokhilā appahīnā, pañca cetasovinibandhā asamucchinnā, so vatimasmiṃ dhammavinaye vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjissatīti– netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
“Katamāssa pañca cetokhilā appahīnā honti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu satthari kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu satthari kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati tassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṃ paṭhamo cetokhilo appahīno hoti.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhamme kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati …pe… evamassāyaṃ dutiyo cetokhilo appahīno hoti.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu saṅghe kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati …pe… evamassāyaṃ tatiyo cetokhilo appahīno hoti.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sikkhāya kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sikkhāya kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati, tassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṃ catuttho cetokhilo appahīno hoti.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto, tassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṃ pañcamo cetokhilo appahīno hoti. Imāssa pañca cetokhilā appahīnā honti.
186. “Katamāssa pañca cetasovinibandhā asamucchinnā honti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāme avītarāgo hoti avigatacchando avigatapemo avigatapipāso avigatapariḷāho avigatataṇho. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāme avītarāgo hoti avigatacchando avigatapemo avigatapipāso avigatapariḷāho avigatataṇho, tassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṃ paṭhamo cetasovinibandho asamucchinno hoti.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye avītarāgo hoti …pe… evamassāyaṃ dutiyo cetasovinibandho asamucchinno hoti.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu rūpe avītarāgo hoti …pe… evamassāyaṃ tatiyo cetasovinibandho asamucchinno hoti.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yāvadatthaṃ udarāvadehakaṃ bhuñjitvā seyyasukhaṃ passasukhaṃ middhasukhaṃ anuyutto viharati. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yāvadatthaṃ udarāvadehakaṃ bhuñjitvā seyyasukhaṃ passasukhaṃ middhasukhaṃ anuyutto viharati, tassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṃ catuttho cetasovinibandho asamucchinno hoti.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu aññataraṃ devanikāyaṃ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṃ carati– ‘imināhaṃ sīlena vā vatena vā tapena vā brahmacariyena vā devo vā bhavissāmi devaññataro vā’ti. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu aññataraṃ devanikāyaṃ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṃ carati– ‘imināhaṃ sīlena vā vatena vā tapena vā brahmacariyena vā devo vā bhavissāmi devaññataro vā’ti, tassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya Yassa cittaṃ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṃ pañcamo cetasovinibandho asamucchinno hoti. Imāssa pañca cetasovinibandhā asamucchinnā honti.
“Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno ime pañca cetokhilā appahīnā, ime pañca cetasovinibandhā asamucchinnā, so vatimasmiṃ dhammavinaye vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjissatīti– netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
187. “Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno pañca cetokhilā pahīnā, pañca cetasovinibandhā susamucchinnā, so vatimasmiṃ dhammavinaye vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjissatīti– ṭhānametaṃ vijjati.
“Katamāssa pañca cetokhilā pahīnā honti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu satthari na kaṅkhati na vicikicchati adhimuccati sampasīdati. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu satthari na kaṅkhati na vicikicchati adhimuccati sampasīdati, tassa cittaṃ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṃ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṃ paṭhamo cetokhilo pahīno hoti.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhamme na kaṅkhati na vicikicchati adhimuccati sampasīdati …pe… evamassāyaṃ dutiyo cetokhilo pahīno hoti.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu saṅghe na kaṅkhati na vicikicchati adhimuccati sampasīdati …pe… evamassāyaṃ tatiyo cetokhilo pahīno hoti.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sikkhāya na kaṅkhati na vicikicchati adhimuccati sampasīdati …pe… evamassāyaṃ catuttho cetokhilo pahīno hoti.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabrahmacārīsu na kupito hoti na anattamano anāhatacitto akhilajāto. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabrahmacārīsu na kupito hoti na anattamano anāhatacitto akhilajāto, tassa cittaṃ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṃ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṃ pañcamo cetokhilo pahīno hoti. Imāssa pañca cetokhilā pahīnā honti.
188. “Katamāssa pañca cetasovinibandhā susamucchinnā honti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāme vītarāgo hoti vigatacchando vigatapemo vigatapipāso vigatapariḷāho vigatataṇho. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāme vītarāgo hoti vigatacchando vigatapemo vigatapipāso vigatapariḷāho vigatataṇho, tassa cittaṃ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṃ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṃ paṭhamo cetasovinibandho susamucchinno hoti.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye vītarāgo hoti …pe… rūpe vītarāgo hoti …pe… na yāvadatthaṃ udarāvadehakaṃ bhuñjitvā seyyasukhaṃ passasukhaṃ middhasukhaṃ anuyutto viharati. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na yāvadatthaṃ udarāvadehakaṃ bhuñjitvā seyyasukhaṃ passasukhaṃ middhasukhaṃ anuyutto viharati, tassa cittaṃ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṃ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṃ catuttho cetasovinibandho susamucchinno hoti.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na aññataraṃ devanikāyaṃ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṃ carati– ‘imināhaṃ sīlena vā vatena vā tapena vā brahmacariyena vā devo vā bhavissāmi devaññataro vā’ti. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na aññataraṃ devanikāyaṃ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṃ carati– ‘imināhaṃ sīlena vā vatena vā tapena vā brahmacariyena vā devo vā bhavissāmi devaññataro vā’ti, tassa cittaṃ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṃ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṃ pañcamo cetasovinibandho susamucchinno hoti. Imāssa pañca cetasovinibandhā susamucchinnā honti.
“Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno ime pañca cetokhilā pahīnā, ime pañca cetasovinibandhā susamucchinnā, so vatimasmiṃ dhammavinaye vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjissatīti– ṭhānametaṃ vijjati.
189. “So chandasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, cittasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, vīmaṃsāsamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti, ussoḷhīyeva pañcamī. Sa kho so, bhikkhave, evaṃ ussoḷhīpannarasaṅgasamannāgato bhikkhu bhabbo abhinibbidāya, bhabbo sambodhāya, bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, kukkuṭiyā aṇḍāni aṭṭha vā dasa vā dvādasa vā. Tānassu kukkuṭiyā sammā adhisayitāni sammā pariseditāni sammā paribhāvitāni. Kiñcāpi tassā kukkuṭiyā na evaṃ icchā uppajjeyya– ‘aho vatime kukkuṭapotakā pādanakhasikhāya vā mukhatuṇḍakena vā aṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā sotthinā abhinibbhijjeyyun’ti. Atha kho bhabbāva te kukkuṭapotakā pādanakhasikhāya vā mukhatuṇḍakena vā aṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā sotthinā abhinibbhijjituṃ. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, evaṃ ussoḷhipannarasaṅgasamannāgato bhikkhu bhabbo abhinibbidāya, bhabbo sambodhāya, bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāyā”ti.
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
Cetokhilasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ chaṭṭhaṃ.