中部20经/寻之止息经(狮子吼品[2])

这是我亲身听闻到的，有个时候，佛陀住在舍卫城的祇树林给孤独园。在那里，佛陀对比丘们说：“比丘们。“比丘们回答说：“世尊。“佛陀说道：“比丘们，致力于增上心的比丘应当适时作意五种相（增上心解释：1，即增胜上进，势用强盛之心；2，即禅定心，系息灭恶念所得之定心，此定心具有增上力；3，又作增上心学，为三学之一，即指定学。定，有增上之力，能令心增进）。哪五种？

比丘们，当比丘缘于某相、作意某相时，生起了与欲相应、与瞋相应、与痴相应的恶不善寻（欲解释：贪欲，贪爱；瞋解释：愤怒；痴解释：愚痴；寻解释，见第八百八十九章），这时比丘应当转向作意另一个与善相应的相。当他作意另一个与善相应的相时，那些与欲相应、与瞋相应、与痴相应的恶不善寻就会被舍弃、消失。由于舍弃它们，内心就会安住、平静、专一、得定（定解释，见第九百三十二章）。比丘们，就像熟练的木匠或木匠的学徒用小楔子击出、除去、取出大楔子；同样地，比丘们，当比丘缘于某相、作意某相时，生起了与欲相应、与瞋相应、与痴相应的恶不善寻，这时比丘应当转向作意另一个与善相应的相。当他作意另一个与善相应的相时，那些与欲相应、与瞋相应、与痴相应的恶不善寻就会被舍弃、消失。由于舍弃它们，内心就会安住、平静、专一、得定。

比丘们，如果当比丘作意另一个与善相应的相时，仍然生起与欲相应、与瞋相应、与痴相应的恶不善寻，那么比丘应当审察这些寻的过患：'这些寻是不善的，这些寻是有过失的，这些寻会带来痛苦的果报。'当他审察这些寻的过患时，那些与欲相应、与瞋相应、与痴相应的恶不善寻就会被舍弃、消失。由于舍弃它们，内心就会安住、平静、专一、得定。比丘们，就像一个爱美的年轻男子或女子，如果有蛇尸、狗尸或人尸挂在脖子上，会感到厌恶、羞耻、恶心；同样地，比丘们，如果当比丘作意另一个与善相应的相时，仍然生起与欲相应、与瞋相应、与痴相应的恶不善寻，那么比丘应当审察这些寻的过患：'这些寻是不善的，这些寻是有过失的，这些寻会带来痛苦的果报。'当他审察这些寻的过患时，那些与欲相应、与瞋相应、与痴相应的恶不善寻就会被舍弃、消失。由于舍弃它们，内心就会安住、平静、专一、得定。

比丘们，如果当比丘审察这些寻的过患时，仍然生起与欲相应、与瞋相应、与痴相应的恶不善寻，那么比丘应当不作意、不思维这些寻。当他不作意、不思维这些寻时，那些与欲相应、与瞋相应、与痴相应的恶不善寻就会被舍弃、消失。由于舍弃它们，内心就会安住、平静、专一、得定。比丘们，就像一个有眼睛的人不想看到进入视野的色法（色解释：物质事物），他会闭上眼睛或转向别处；同样地，比丘们，如果当比丘审察这些寻的过患时，仍然生起与欲相应、与瞋相应、与痴相应的恶不善寻，那么比丘应当不作意、不思维这些寻。当他不作意、不思维这些寻时，那些与欲相应、与瞋相应、与痴相应的恶不善寻就会被舍弃、消失。由于舍弃它们，内心就会安住、平静、专一、得定。

比丘们，如果当比丘不作意、不思维这些寻时，仍然生起与欲相应、与瞋相应、与痴相应的恶不善寻，那么比丘应当作意这些寻的行相。当他作意这些寻的行相时，那些与欲相应、与瞋相应、与痴相应的恶不善寻就会被舍弃、消失。由于舍弃它们，内心就会安住、平静、专一、得定。比丘们，就像一个人快步行走，他想：'我为什么快步行走？我不如慢慢走。'于是他慢慢走。然后他想：'我为什么慢慢走？我不如站着。'于是他站着。然后他想：'我为什么站着？我不如坐下。'于是他坐下。然后他想：'我为什么坐着？我不如躺下。'于是他躺下。这样，比丘们，这个人逐渐放弃粗重的姿势，采取更细微的姿势。同样地，比丘们，如果当比丘不作意、不思维这些寻时，仍然生起与欲相应、与瞋相应、与痴相应的恶不善寻，那么比丘应当作意这些寻的行相。当他作意这些寻的行相时，那些与欲相应、与瞋相应、与痴相应的恶不善寻就会被舍弃、消失。由于舍弃它们，内心就会安住、平静、专一、得定。

比丘们，如果当比丘作意这些寻的行相时，仍然生起与欲相应、与瞋相应、与痴相应的恶不善寻，那么比丘应当咬紧牙关，舌抵上颚，以心制心、降伏心、熨平心。当他咬紧牙关，舌抵上颚，以心制心、降伏心、熨平心时，那些与欲相应、与瞋相应、与痴相应的恶不善寻就会被舍弃、消失。由于舍弃它们，内心就会安住、平静、专一、得定。比丘们，就像一个强壮的人抓住一个较弱的人的头、颈或肩，制服他、压制他、折磨他；同样地，比丘们，如果当比丘作意这些寻的行相时，仍然生起与欲相应、与瞋相应、与痴相应的恶不善寻，那么比丘应当咬紧牙关，舌抵上颚，以心制心、降伏心、熨平心。当他咬紧牙关，舌抵上颚，以心制心、降伏心、熨平心时，那些与欲相应、与瞋相应、与痴相应的恶不善寻就会被舍弃、消失。由于舍弃它们，内心就会安住、平静、专一、得定。

比丘们，当比丘缘于某相、作意某相时，生起了与欲相应、与瞋相应、与痴相应的恶不善寻，他转向作意另一个与善相应的相，那些恶不善寻就被舍弃、消失。由于舍弃它们，内心就会安住、平静、专一、得定。当他审察这些寻的过患时，那些恶不善寻就被舍弃、消失。由于舍弃它们，内心就会安住、平静、专一、得定。当他不作意、不思维这些寻时，那些恶不善寻就被舍弃、消失。由于舍弃它们，内心就会安住、平静、专一、得定。当他作意这些寻的行相时，那些恶不善寻就被舍弃、消失。由于舍弃它们，内心就会安住、平静、专一、得定。当他咬紧牙关，舌抵上颚，以心制心、降伏心、熨平心时，那些恶不善寻就被舍弃、消失。由于舍弃它们，内心就会安住、平静、专一、得定。比丘们，这就称为比丘已经掌握了寻的方法。他能够思维他想思维的寻，不思维他不想思维的寻。他已经断除渴爱，解开结缚，以正确地了知慢而作苦的终结灭尽（慢解释：即比较自己与他人之高低、胜劣、好恶等，而生起轻蔑他人之自恃之心，称为慢；亦即轻蔑、自负之意）。“

佛陀如是说。那些比丘听了佛陀的话，心生欢喜，欣然接受。

《寻行经》终。

巴利语原版经文

MN.20/(10) Vitakkasaṇṭhānasuttaṃ

　　 216. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “bhikkhavo”ti. “Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca–

　　 “Adhicittamanuyuttena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā pañca nimittāni kālena kālaṃ manasi kātabbāni. Katamāni pañca? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno yaṃ nimittaṃ āgamma yaṃ nimittaṃ manasikaroto uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā vitakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā tamhā nimittā aññaṃ nimittaṃ manasi kātabbaṃ kusalūpasaṃhitaṃ. Tassa tamhā nimittā aññaṃ nimittaṃ manasikaroto kusalūpasaṃhitaṃ ye pāpakā akusalā itakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi te pahīyanti te abbhatthaṃ gacchanti. Tesaṃ pahānā ajjhattameva cittaṃ santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho palagaṇḍo vā palagaṇḍantevāsī vā sukhumāya āṇiyā oḷārikaṃ āṇiṃ abhinihaneyya abhinīhareyya abhinivatteyya; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno yaṃ nimittaṃ āgamma yaṃ nimittaṃ manasikaroto uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā vitakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā tamhā nimittā aññaṃ nimittaṃ manasi kātabbaṃ kusalūpasaṃhitaṃ. Tassa tamhā nimittā aññaṃ nimittaṃ manasikaroto kusalūpasaṃhitaṃ ye pāpakā akusalā vitakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi te pahīyanti te abbhatthaṃ gacchanti. Tesaṃ pahānā ajjhattameva cittaṃ santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati.

　　 217. “Tassa ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno tamhā nimittā aññaṃ nimittaṃ manasikaroto kusalūpasaṃhitaṃ uppajjanteva pāpakā akusalā vitakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā tesaṃ vitakkānaṃ ādīnavo upaparikkhitabbo– ‘itipime vitakkā akusalā, itipime vitakkā sāvajjā, itipime vitakkā dukkhavipākā’ti. Tassa tesaṃ vitakkānaṃ ādīnavaṃ upaparikkhato ye pāpakā akusalā vitakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi te pahīyanti te abbhatthaṃ gacchanti. Tesaṃ pahānā ajjhattameva cittaṃ santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, itthī vā puriso vā daharo yuvā maṇḍanakajātiko ahikuṇapena vā kukkurakuṇapena vā manussakuṇapena vā kaṇṭhe āsattena aṭṭiyeyya harāyeyya jiguccheyya; evameva kho, bhikkhave, tassa ce bhikkhuno tamhāpi nimittā aññaṃ nimittaṃ manasikaroto kusalūpasaṃhitaṃ uppajjanteva pāpakā akusalā vitakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā tesaṃ vitakkānaṃ ādīnavo upaparikkhitabbo– ‘itipime vitakkā akusalā, itipime vitakkā sāvajjā, itipime vitakkā dukkhavipākā’ti. Tassa tesaṃ vitakkānaṃ ādīnavaṃ upaparikkhato ye pāpakā akusalā vitakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi te pahīyanti te abbhatthaṃ gacchanti. Tesaṃ pahānā ajjhattameva cittaṃ santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati.

　　 218. “Tassa ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno tesampi vitakkānaṃ ādīnavaṃ upaparikkhato uppajjanteva pāpakā akusalā vitakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā tesaṃ vitakkānaṃ asati-amanasikāro āpajjitabbo. Tassa tesaṃ vitakkānaṃ asati-amanasikāraṃ āpajjato ye pāpakā akusalā vitakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi te pahīyanti te abbhatthaṃ gacchanti. Tesaṃ pahānā ajjhattameva cittaṃ santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, cakkhumā puriso āpāthagatānaṃ rūpānaṃ adassanakāmo assa; so nimīleyya vā aññena vā apalokeyya. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, tassa ce bhikkhuno tesampi vitakkānaṃ ādīnavaṃ upaparikkhato uppajjanteva pāpakā akusalā vitakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi, te pahīyanti te abbhatthaṃ gacchanti. Tesaṃ pahānā ajjhattameva cittaṃ santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati.

　　 219. “Tassa ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno tesampi vitakkānaṃ asati-amanasikāraṃ āpajjato uppajjanteva pāpakā akusalā vitakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā tesaṃ vitakkānaṃ vitakkasaṅkhārasaṇṭhānaṃ manasikātabbaṃ. Tassa tesaṃ vitakkānaṃ vitakkasaṅkhārasaṇṭhānaṃ manasikaroto ye pāpakā akusalā vitakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi te pahīyanti te abbhatthaṃ gacchanti. Tesaṃ pahānā ajjhattameva cittaṃ santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso sīghaṃ gaccheyya. Tassa evamassa– ‘kiṃ nu kho ahaṃ sīghaṃ gacchāmi? Yaṃnūnāhaṃ saṇikaṃ gaccheyyan’ti. So saṇikaṃ gaccheyya. Tassa evamassa– ‘kiṃ nu kho ahaṃ saṇikaṃ gacchāmi? Yaṃnūnāhaṃ tiṭṭheyyan’ti. So tiṭṭheyya Tassa evamassa– ‘kiṃ nu kho ahaṃ ṭhito? Yaṃnūnāhaṃ nisīdeyyan’ti. So nisīdeyya. Tassa evamassa– ‘kiṃ nu kho ahaṃ nisinno? Yaṃnūnāhaṃ nipajjeyyan’ti. So nipajjeyya. Evañhi so, bhikkhave, puriso oḷārikaṃ oḷārikaṃ iriyāpathaṃ abhinivajjetvā sukhumaṃ sukhumaṃ iriyāpathaṃ kappeyya. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, tassa ce bhikkhuno tesampi vitakkānaṃ asati-amanasikāraṃ āpajjato uppajjanteva pāpakā akusalā vitakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi te pahīyanti te abbhatthaṃ gacchanti. Tesaṃ pahānā ajjhattameva cittaṃ santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati.

　　 220. “Tassa ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno tesampi vitakkānaṃ vitakkasaṅkhārasaṇṭhānaṃ manasikaroto uppajjanteva pāpakā akusalā vitakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi. Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā dantebhidantamādhāya jivhāya tāluṃ āhacca cetasā cittaṃ abhiniggaṇhitabbaṃ abhinippīḷetabbaṃ abhisantāpetabbaṃ Tassa dantebhidantamādhāya jivhāya tāluṃ āhacca cetasā cittaṃ abhiniggaṇhato abhinippīḷayato abhisantāpayato ye pāpakā akusalā vitakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi te pahīyanti te abbhatthaṃ gacchanti. Tesaṃ pahānā ajjhattameva cittaṃ santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, balavā puriso dubbalataraṃ purisaṃ sīse vā gale vā khandhe vā gahetvā abhiniggaṇheyya abhinippīḷeyya abhisantāpeyya; evameva kho, bhikkhave, tassa ce bhikkhuno tesampi vitakkānaṃ vitakkasaṅkhārasaṇṭhānaṃ manasikaroto uppajjanteva pāpakā akusalā vitakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi. Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā dantebhidantamādhāya jivhāya tāluṃ āhacca cetasā cittaṃ abhiniggaṇhitabbaṃ abhinippīḷetabbaṃ abhisantāpetabbaṃ. Tassa dantebhidantamādhāya jivhāya tāluṃ āhacca cetasā cittaṃ abhiniggaṇhato abhinippīḷayato abhisantāpayato ye pāpakā akusalā vitakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi te pahīyanti te abbhatthaṃ gacchanti. Tesaṃ pahānā ajjhattameva cittaṃ santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati.

　　 221. “Yato kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno yaṃ nimittaṃ āgamma yaṃ nimittaṃ manasikaroto uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā vitakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi, tassa tamhā nimittā aññaṃ nimittaṃ manasikaroto kusalūpasaṃhitaṃ ye pāpakā akusalā vitakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi te pahīyanti te abbhatthaṃ gacchanti. Tesaṃ pahānā ajjhattameva cittaṃ santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati. Tesampi vitakkānaṃ ādīnavaṃ upaparikkhato ye pāpakā akusalā vitakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi te pahīyanti te abbhatthaṃ gacchanti. Tesaṃ pahānā ajjhattameva cittaṃ santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati. Tesampi vitakkānaṃ asati-amanasikāraṃ āpajjato ye pāpakā akusalā vitakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi te pahīyanti te abbhatthaṃ gacchanti. Tesaṃ pahānā ajjhattameva cittaṃ santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati. Tesampi vitakkānaṃ vitakkasaṅkhārasaṇṭhānaṃ manasikaroto ye pāpakā akusalā vitakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi te pahīyanti te abbhatthaṃ gacchanti. Tesaṃ pahānā ajjhattameva cittaṃ santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati. Dantebhidantamādhāya jivhāya tāluṃ āhacca cetasā cittaṃ abhiniggaṇhato abhinippīḷayato abhisantāpayato ye pāpakā akusalā vitakkā chandūpasaṃhitāpi dosūpasaṃhitāpi mohūpasaṃhitāpi te pahīyanti te abbhatthaṃ gacchanti. Tesaṃ pahānā ajjhattameva cittaṃ santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vasī vitakkapariyāyapathesu. Yaṃ vitakkaṃ ākaṅkhissati taṃ vitakkaṃ vitakkessati, yaṃ vitakkaṃ nākaṅkhissati na taṃ vitakkaṃ vitakkessati. Acchecchi taṇhaṃ, vivattayi saṃyojanaṃ, sammā mānābhisamayā antamakāsi dukkhassā”ti.

　　 Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.

　　 Vitakkasaṇṭhānasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dasamaṃ.

　　 Sīhanādavaggo niṭṭhito dutiyo.

　　 Tassuddānaṃ–

　　 Cūḷasīhanādalomahaṃsavaro, mahācūḷadukkhakkhandha-anumānikasuttaṃ.

　　 Khilapatthamadhupiṇḍikadvidhāvitakka, pañcanimittakathā puna vaggo.