第一千零一十五章 苦蕴大经
中部13经/苦蕴大经(狮子吼品[2])
这是我亲身听闻到的,佛陀住在舍卫城祇陀林给孤独园,那时众多的比丘们,他们中午前穿好衣服,穿着法衣拿着饭钵,到舍卫城去,那时,这些比丘心里想:现在到舍卫城乞食还太早了,我们先到外教游方行脚修行人聚集的园林吧。
于是这些比丘就来到外教游方行脚修行人聚集的园林,抵达后,比丘们与外教修行人互相问候后,开始友好的交谈,比丘们在一旁坐下,外教修行人中的其中一个人对比丘们说到:“道友们,沙门乔达摩建立对爱欲的遍知,我们也建立了对爱欲的遍知;道友们,沙门乔达摩建立对物质事物的遍知,我们也建立了对物质事物的遍知;
道友们,沙门乔达摩建立了对感受的遍知,我们也建立了对感受的遍知;
道友们,那么沙门乔达摩与我们有什么差别呢?有什么不同呢?有什么区别呢?
我们的法,我们的教戒不就和沙门乔达摩一样吗?”
那时,这些比丘们听到这个外教修行人这样说的时候,就不欢喜,但是也不斥责他。比丘们站起来离开,他们心里想:“我们将到世尊那里去,请世尊给我讲说这些义理,法义,我们会弄明白这些问题的。”
那时 ,这些比丘们就前往舍卫城乞食,用完餐后,他们返回去见佛陀,抵达佛陀的住处,比丘们向佛陀行完礼后,就在一旁坐下,在一旁端坐的比丘对佛陀说到:“世尊,我们中午的时候穿上衣服,穿着法衣拿着饭钵准备到舍卫城去乞食,但是那时我们想:现在去舍卫城还太早了,我们还是先到外教修行人聚集的园林吧。世尊,于是我们就来到外教修行人聚集的园林,我们与外教修行人们互相问候后,就在一旁坐下,其中一位外教修行人对我们说到:“道友们,沙门乔达摩建立对爱欲的遍知,我们也建立了对爱欲的遍知;道友们,沙门乔达摩建立对物质事物的遍知,我们也建立了对物质事物的遍知;
道友们,沙门乔达摩建立了对感受的遍知,我们也建立了对感受的遍知;
道友们,那么沙门乔达摩与我们有什么差别呢?有什么不同呢?有什么区别呢?
我们的法,我们的教戒不就和沙门乔达摩一样吗?”
世尊,那时,我们对外教修行人的说法虽然不欢喜,但是我们并没有斥责他,我们站起来离开了,我们心里想:“我们将会去问世尊,世尊会为我们讲说这些法的,会解答我们的问题的,会让我们弄明白这些义理,法义的。”
佛陀对比丘们说到:“比丘们,当那个外教修行人这样说的时候,你们其实可以这样来回应他:“道友们,那什么是贪欲的乐味呢?什么是贪欲的祸患呢?什么是贪欲的出离呢?什么是物质事物的乐味?什么是物质事物的祸患?什么是物质事物的出离呢?什么是受的乐味?什么是受的祸患?什么是受的出离呢?你们这样去问外教修行人,他们就回答不上来,也无法解答,他们就会生起烦恼,这是什么原因呢?因为不在他们感官的范围内,不在他们所知的范围内。比丘们,如来重来都没有听到过对这个问题的满意解答,使得心满意的解答,包括天界,魔界,梵天界,包括世间的沙门婆罗门(天界、魔界、梵天界解释,见第八百零五章),包括天人的各个时代之中,都找不到让心满意的解答。除了如来或者如来的弟子,除了听闻过如来法的众生之外(众生解释,见第三百八十八章),都无法得到让心满意的解答。
比丘们,什么是贪欲的乐味呢?比丘们,有五种欲,是哪五种欲呢?能被眼识感知到的,想要的,喜欢的,合意的,可爱的物质事物(眼识、耳识、鼻识、舌识、身识、意识解释,见第一百八十八章),伴随着贪欲,诱人的各种物质事物;能被耳识感知到的,想要的,喜欢的,合意的,可爱的声音,伴随着贪欲,诱人的各种声音;能被鼻识感知到的,想要的,喜欢的,合意的,可爱的气味,伴随着贪欲,诱人的各种气味;能被舌识感知到的,想要的,喜欢的,合意的,可爱的味道,伴随着贪欲,诱人的各种味道;能被身识感知到的,想要的,喜欢的,合意的,可爱的触觉,伴随着贪欲,诱人的各种触觉;比丘们,这就是五种欲。比丘们,凡是由这五种欲生起的快乐,喜悦,这就是贪欲的乐味。
比丘们,什么是各种贪欲的祸患呢?比丘们,在这里,善男子用自己的技能谋生,无论他们从事核验,会计,计算,耕作,买卖,牧牛,箭术,作国王的大臣,无论他们以某种技能,要承受寒冷,或者承受酷热,或在有虻虫,蚊子的环境中被啃咬,被各种风吹刮,被烈日暴晒,被蛇咬到,在这些恶劣的环境,与危险的动物接触而受到伤害,因为饥饿,口渴死亡,比丘们,这就是各种贪欲的祸患,直接可见的苦蕴(苦蕴解释:谓人身也。人身自五蕴而成,不免三苦八苦等苦,故云苦蕴;五蕴解释:物质身体,感受,念想思想,行为,认识分别判断),这个苦蕴就是以贪欲为因,以贪欲为因缘,因为贪欲所以才有苦蕴,苦蕴的因就是各种贪欲。
比丘们,如果那位善男子,他奋起,辛勤的努力,还是无法获得财富,他就会忧愁,疲惫,悲泣捶胸的嚎啕大哭,最后迷惑的说到:“我如此的努力奋斗都是空虚的,我的奋发努力是毫无结果的。”比丘们,这也是各种贪欲的祸患,比丘们,这就是各种贪欲的祸患,直接可见的苦蕴,这个苦蕴就是以贪欲为因,以贪欲为因缘,因为贪欲所以才有苦蕴,苦蕴的因就是各种贪欲。
比丘们,如果那位善男子,他奋起,辛勤的努力,获得了财富,他因为守护这些已经获得的财富而感受到痛苦,忧愁:如何能够既不让国王拿走我的财富,也不让盗贼拿走我的财富?既不让大火烧掉我的财富,也不让洪水冲走我的财富?不让不孝顺的后代子孙拿走我的财富?当他守护,保护自己的财富的时候,国王没收他的财富,盗贼盗窃抢劫走他的财富,大火烧掉他的财富,洪水冲走他的财富,不孝顺的后代子孙胡乱花费完他的财富,他就会忧愁,疲累,悲泣,捶胸的嚎啕大哭,最后迷惑的说到:“我曾经拥有的财富,现在都已经没有了。”比丘们,这也是各种贪欲的祸患,比丘们,这就是各种贪欲的祸患,直接可见的苦蕴,这个苦蕴就是以贪欲为因,以贪欲为因缘,因为贪欲所以才有苦蕴,苦蕴的因就是各种贪欲。
再者,比丘们,以贪欲为因,贪欲为因缘,因就是有各种贪欲,因为贪欲的缘故,国王与国王争论,争斗;王族刹帝利与王族刹帝利争论,争斗;婆罗门们与婆罗门们争论,争斗;屋主们与屋主们争论,争斗(屋主解释:供养给比丘房屋居住的房屋所有权人);母亲与儿子争论,争斗;儿子也与母亲争论,争斗;父亲与儿子争论,争斗;儿子也与父亲争论,争斗;兄弟与兄弟争论,争斗;兄弟与姊妹争论,争斗;姊妹也与兄弟争论,争斗;朋友与朋友争论,争斗,他们争吵,争执,争辩,互相用拳头攻击,用土块攻击,也用棍棒攻击,用刀剑攻击,由于相互的攻击,他们死亡,或者承受受伤到死亡过程的苦,比丘们,这就是各种贪欲的祸患,直接可见的苦蕴,这个苦蕴就是以贪欲为因,以贪欲为因缘,因为贪欲所以才有苦蕴,苦蕴的因就是各种贪欲。
再者,比丘们,以贪欲为因,贪欲为因缘,因就是各种贪欲,因为贪欲的缘故,手握刀盾,背着弓箭,两方军队陷入战争状态,在战场上,箭矢射出,长矛也被抛出,刀光剑影,他们用弓箭射击,用长矛抛投攻击,用刀砍断头颅,他们遭受死亡,或者承受受伤到死亡过程的苦。比丘们,这就是各种贪欲的祸患,直接可见的苦蕴,这个苦蕴就是以贪欲为因,以贪欲为因缘,因为贪欲所以才有苦蕴,苦蕴的因就是各种贪欲。
再者,比丘们,以贪欲为因,贪欲为因缘,因就是各种贪欲,因为贪欲的缘故,手握刀盾,背着弓箭,将城墙涂抹的湿滑,箭矢射出,长矛抛出,刀光剑影,他们射出箭矢攻击,抛出长矛攻击,将滚烫的牛粪水从城墙上倾泻而下,用各种石头抛投压碎,用刀砍断头颅,他们遭受死亡,或者承受受伤到死亡过程的苦。比丘们,这就是各种贪欲的祸患,直接可见的苦蕴,这个苦蕴就是以贪欲为因,以贪欲为因缘,因为贪欲所以才有苦蕴,苦蕴的因就是各种贪欲。
再者,比丘们,以贪欲为因,贪欲为因缘,因就是各种贪欲,因为贪欲的缘故,他们,翻墙破门侵入别人家里面,掠夺财物,他们成为盗匪,拦路抢劫,与别人的妻子通奸,国王们抓住这些人后,对他们施加各种刑罚:用鞭子打,用棍棒打,用手杖打,砍断手,砍断脚,同时砍断手脚,割掉耳朵,割掉鼻子,同时割掉耳朵和鼻子,施加酸粥锅刑(酸粥锅刑解释:一种酷刑),施加贝秃刑,施加罗侯口刑,施加火鬘刑,施加烛手刑,施加驱行刑,施加树皮衣刑,施加羚羊刑,施加钩肉刑,施加钱刑,施加硷浴刑,施加扭转门闩刑,施加稻草足踏台刑,向他们身上淋滚烫的油,使他们被群狗咬,使他们活着的时候被尖锐的物体刺入身体,用刀砍断他们的头颅,他们遭受死亡,或者承受受伤到死亡过程的苦。比丘们,这就是各种贪欲的祸患,直接可见的苦蕴,这个苦蕴就是以贪欲为因,以贪欲为因缘,因为贪欲所以才有苦蕴,苦蕴的因就是各种贪欲。
再者,比丘们,以贪欲为因,贪欲为因缘,因就是各种贪欲,因为贪欲的缘故,他们身体做恶的行为,说恶的言语,内心生起恶念,他们身体行为做恶事,口说恶语,内心生起恶念之后,当他们身体崩坏,死亡之后就会因为恶行,恶语,恶念投生到苦界,恶劣的地方,受苦的地方,地狱(苦界解释:承受痛苦的地方)。比丘们,这也是各种贪欲的祸患,后世的苦蕴,是以贪欲为因,贪欲为因缘,因为贪欲的缘故,因就是各种贪欲。
比丘们,什么是各种贪欲的出离呢?比丘们,凡是调伏各种内心生起的贪欲,舍弃断绝内心生起的贪欲,这就是各种贪欲的出离。
比丘们,任何的沙门或婆罗门,不能如实的知道各种贪欲的乐味是什么,不知道各种贪欲的祸患是什么,不知道各种贪欲的出离是什么,他们认为自己是对贪欲遍知的,想要教导劝解别人,让别人遍知各种贪欲,这是不可能做到的,比丘们,任何的沙门或婆罗门如果能够如实知道各种贪欲的乐味是什么,知道各种贪欲的祸患是什么,知道各种贪欲的出离是什么,他们认为自己是对贪欲遍知的,想要教导劝解别人,让别人遍知各种贪欲,这是可能做到的。
比丘们,什么是各种物质事物的乐味呢?比丘们,犹如刹帝利王族的少女,或者婆罗门的少女,或者屋主的少女(屋主解释:供养给比丘房屋居住的房屋所有者),十五岁的年龄,或者十六岁的年龄,不高不矮,不廋不胖,肤色不黑不白,身材匀称合适,五官端正,比丘们,她们算的上是美貌端庄的人吗?“
"是的,世尊。”
“比丘们,凡是由美貌端庄生起快乐,喜悦,这就是各种物质身体,物质事物的乐味。
比丘们,什么是各种物质事物的祸患呢?比丘们,在这里,有的时候会看见两姊妹,她们八十岁,或者九十岁,或者一百岁,衰老的,像椽木那样身体歪曲,弯曲了,驼背了,杵着拐杖支撑着颤抖的身体行走,被病痛折磨着,青春已经逝去,牙齿已经掉光,满头白发,或者头发脱落成为秃顶,皮肤有皱纹,肢体上带有斑点,比丘们,你们这时是如何想的呢?她们之前的年轻美貌端庄已经消失不见,衰老临死的祸患已经出现了吗?”
“是的,世尊。”
“比丘们,这就是各种物质身体,物质事物的祸患。”
“再者,比丘们,在这里,会看见这两姊妹生病,患病,承受病痛之苦,身患重病,身体陷入屎尿之中无法自理,瘫痪在床,只能让他人服侍着才能起来,才能躺下,比丘们,你们现在是怎么想的?之前这两姊妹年轻美貌端庄的容貌身材已经消失了,病痛的祸患已经出现了吗?”
“是的,世尊。”
“比丘们,这就是物质身体,各种物质事物的祸患。”
“再者,比丘们,在这里,会看见这两姊妹被随意丢弃在乱葬岗的遗体:已经死去一天,或者已经死去两天,或者已经死去三天,尸体肿胀,青淤,流着脓液,比丘们,你们现在是怎么想的?之前这两姊妹年轻美貌端庄的容貌身材已经消失不见了,身体死亡的祸患已经出现了吗?”
“是的,世尊。”
“比丘们,这就是物质身体,各种物质事物的祸患。”
再者,比丘们,在这里,会看见两姊妹,她们的遗体被随意丢弃在乱葬岗,被乌鸦吃着,被老鹰吃着,被秃鹫吃着,被苍鹭吃着,或者被野狗吃着,或者被老虎吃着,或者被豹子吃着,或者被狐狸,狼吃着,或者被很多生出的蛆虫吃着,比丘们,你们现在是怎么想的?之前这两姊妹年轻美貌端庄的容颜身体已经消失不见,死亡的祸患已经出现了吗?”
“是的,世尊。”
“比丘们,这也是各种物质身体,物质事物的祸患。”
“再者,比丘们,这里,会看见之前的两姊妹被随意丢弃在乱葬岗的遗体:有血肉,连结着筋腱的骨锁;没有肉染着血,连结着筋腱的骨锁;没有肉也没有血,连结着筋腱的骨锁;没有连结,骨头散落在四面八方:手骨在一处,脚骨在一处,脚踝骨在一处,小腿骨在一处,大腿骨在一处,腰骨在一处,肋骨在一处,脊椎骨在一处,肩骨在一处,颈骨在一处,颚骨在一处,牙齿骨在一处,头盖骨在一处,比丘们,你们现在是怎么想的呢?这两姊妹之前年轻美貌端庄的容貌身体已经消失不见了,身体分解的祸患已经出现了吗?”
“是的,世尊。”
“比丘们,这也是各种物质身体,物质事物的祸患。”
“再者,比丘们,这里,会看见这两姊妹的遗体被随意丢弃在乱葬岗:如同螺贝白色的白骨,堆积超过一年的骨骸,已经腐烂变成粉末的骨骸,比丘们,你们现在是如何想的呢?之前这两姊妹年轻美貌端庄的容貌和身体已经消失了,身体消失不见的祸患已经出现了吗?”
“是的,世尊。”
“比丘们,这也是各种物质身体,物质事物的祸患。”
“比丘们,什么是各种物质事物的出离呢?比丘们,凡是调伏由物质事物而内心生起的贪欲,舍弃断除内心生起的贪欲,这就是从各种物质事物中出离。
比丘们,任何的沙门或婆罗门,如果不能如实的知道物质事物的乐味是什么,不能如实的知道物质事物的祸患是什么,不能如实的知道物质事物的出离是什么,那么他们自称已经遍知各种物质事物,或者将要教导劝解他人,让他人也遍知各种物质事物,这是不可能做到的。
比丘们,任何的沙门或婆罗门,如果能够如实的知道物质事物的乐味是什么,能够如实的知道物质事物的祸患是什么,能够如实的知道物质事物的出离是什么,那么他们自称已经遍知各种物质事物,或者将要教导劝解他人,让他人也遍知各种物质事物,这是有可能做到的。
比丘们,什么是各种受的乐味呢?比丘们,这里,比丘远离各种贪欲后,远离各种不善法后,进入住于有寻有伺(有寻有伺解释,见第八百八十九章),因为远离贪欲,不善法而生起喜乐的初禅。比丘们,比丘远离各种贪欲,远离各种不善法后,进入后住于有寻有伺,因为远离贪欲,不善法的初禅时,在那时,就不会有伤害自己的意图,也不会有伤害别人的意图,也同时对自己和别人都不会有伤害的意图,在那个时候,只能感受到没有愤怒也没有伤害的受,比丘们,如来说:没有愤怒伤害的受就是各种受中最上的乐味。
再者,比丘们,比丘平息寻与伺,内心清净,内心一境,念想专一,进入后住于无寻无伺,定而生喜乐的二禅(定解释:将注意力集中在单个、纯一的清净念想上,让内心安宁、寂静,让内心安住在清净的境界之中)。比丘们,比丘平息寻与伺,内心清净,内心一境,念想专一,进入后住于无寻无伺,定而生喜乐的二禅时,在那时,就不会有伤害自己的意图,也不会有伤害别人的意图,也同时对自己和别人都不会有伤害的意图,在那个时候,只能感受到没有愤怒也没有伤害的受,比丘们,如来说:没有愤怒伤害的受就是各种受中最上的乐味。
比丘们,比丘随着喜的褪去,内心住于平静,有念想,保持正知(正知解释,见第四百八十三章),身体感受到乐,进入后住于被圣者们告知:那是平静,有念想,内心一境,念想专一,有微细乐滞留的三禅。比丘们,比丘随着喜的褪去消退,内心住于平静,有念想保持正知,身体感受到乐,进入后住于被圣者们告知:那是平静,有念想,内心一境,念想专一,有微细乐滞留的三禅时,在那时,就不会有伤害自己的意图,也不会有伤害别人的意图,也同时对自己和别人都不会有伤害的意图,在那个时候,只能感受到没有愤怒也没有伤害的受,比丘们,如来说:没有愤怒伤害的受就是各种受中最上的乐味。
比丘们,比丘舍弃断除乐,也舍弃断除苦,就在之前各种喜悦,忧愁灭没消失,进入后住于不苦不乐,内心平静,念想纯一,集中专注,深切注意一种纯净念想的四禅。比丘们,比丘舍弃断除乐,也舍弃断除苦,就在之前各种喜悦,忧愁灭没消失,进入后住于不苦不乐,内心平静,念想纯一,集中专注,深切注意一种纯净念想的四禅时,在那时,就不会有伤害自己的意图,也不会有伤害别人的意图,也同时对自己和别人都不会有伤害的意图,在那个时候,只能感受到没有愤怒也没有伤害的受,比丘们,如来说:没有愤怒伤害的受就是各种受中最上的乐味。
比丘们,什么是各种受的祸患呢?比丘们,受是无常的,是无法永恒存在的,是无法永远保持不变的,是随时在变化的,是苦的,是变易法,是随时在变化的法,这就是各种受的祸患。
比丘们,什么是各种受的出离呢?比丘们,调伏由各种受使得内心生起的贪欲,舍弃断除由各种受使得内心生起的贪欲,这就是各种受的出离。
比丘们,任何的沙门或婆罗门,他们如果不能如实的知道各种受的乐味是什么,不能如实的知道各种受的祸患是什么,不能如实的知道各种受的出离是什么,他们自称自己已经遍知各种受,或者将要教导劝解他人,让他人也遍知各种受,这是不可能做到的,比丘们,任何的沙门或婆罗门,能够如实的知道各种受的乐味是什么,能够如实的知道各种受的祸患是什么,能够如实的知道各种受的出离是什么,他们自称自己已经遍知各种受,或者将要教导劝解他人,让他人也遍知各种受,这是可能做到的。”
佛陀这样说法后,听法的比丘们都欢喜的顶礼佛陀,随喜赞叹佛陀说法,并按着佛陀所说的法去修行。
巴利语原版经文
MN.13/(3) Mahādukkhakkhandhasuttaṃ
163. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃsu. Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – “atippago kho tāva sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya carituṃ, yaṃ nūna mayaṃ yena aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ ārāmo tenupasaṅkameyyāmā”ti. Atha kho te bhikkhū yena aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ ārāmo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā tehi aññatitthiyehi paribbājakehi saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu; sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho te bhikkhū te aññatitthiyā paribbājakā etadavocuṃ– “samaṇo, āvuso, gotamo kāmānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti, mayampi kāmānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapema; samaṇo, āvuso, gotamo rūpānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti, mayampi rūpānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapema; samaṇo, āvuso, gotamo vedanānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti, mayampi vedanānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapema; idha no, āvuso, ko viseso, ko adhippayāso, kiṃ nānākaraṇaṃ samaṇassa vā gotamassa amhākaṃ vā– yadidaṃ dhammadesanāya vā dhammadesanaṃ, anusāsaniyā vā anusāsanin”ti? Atha kho te bhikkhū tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ bhāsitaṃ neva abhinandiṃsu, nappaṭikkosiṃsu; anabhinanditvā appaṭikkositvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamiṃsu– “bhagavato santike etassa bhāsitassa atthaṃ ājānissāmā”ti.
164. Atha kho te bhikkhū sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ– “idha mayaṃ, bhante, pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisimha. Tesaṃ no, bhante, amhākaṃ etadahosi– ‘atippago kho tāva sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya carituṃ, yaṃ nūna mayaṃ yena aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ ārāmo tenupasaṅkameyyāmā’ti. Atha kho mayaṃ, bhante, yena aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ ārāmo tenupasaṅkamimha; upasaṅkamitvā tehi aññatitthiyehi paribbājakehi saddhiṃ sammodimha; sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdimha. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho amhe, bhante, te aññatitthiyā paribbājakā etadavocuṃ– ‘samaṇo, āvuso, gotamo kāmānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti, mayampi kāmānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapema Samaṇo, āvuso, gotamo rūpānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti, mayampi rūpānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapema. Samaṇo, āvuso, gotamo vedanānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti, mayampi vedanānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapema. Idha no, āvuso, ko viseso, ko adhippayāso, kiṃ nānākaraṇaṃ samaṇassa vā gotamassa amhākaṃ vā, yadidaṃ dhammadesanāya vā dhammadesanaṃ anusāsaniyā vā anusāsanin’ti. Atha kho mayaṃ, bhante, tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ bhāsitaṃ neva abhinandimha, nappaṭikkosimha; anabhinanditvā appaṭikkositvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamimha – ‘bhagavato santike etassa bhāsitassa atthaṃ ājānissāmā’”ti.
165. “Evaṃvādino, bhikkhave, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evamassu vacanīyā– ‘ko panāvuso, kāmānaṃ assādo, ko ādīnavo, kiṃ nissaraṇaṃ? Ko rūpānaṃ assādo, ko ādīnavo, kiṃ nissaraṇaṃ? Ko vedanānaṃ assādo, ko ādīnavo, kiṃ nissaraṇan’ti? Evaṃ puṭṭhā, bhikkhave, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā na ceva sampāyissanti, uttariñca vighātaṃ āpajjissanti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yathā taṃ, bhikkhave, avisayasmiṃ. Nāhaṃ taṃ, bhikkhave, passāmi sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya yo imesaṃ pañhānaṃ veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ ārādheyya, aññatra tathāgatena vā tathāgatasāvakena vā, ito vā pana sutvā.
166. “Ko ca, bhikkhave, kāmānaṃ assādo? Pañcime, bhikkhave, kāmaguṇā. Katame pañca? Cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā, sotaviññeyyā saddā …pe… ghānaviññeyyā gandhā ivhāviññeyyā rasā… kāyaviññeyyā phoṭṭhabbā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā– ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca kāmaguṇā. Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, ime pañca kāmaguṇe paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ– ayaṃ kāmānaṃ assādo.
167. “Ko ca, bhikkhave, kāmānaṃ ādīnavo? Idha, bhikkhave, kulaputto yena sippaṭṭhānena jīvikaṃ kappeti– yadi muddāya yadi gaṇanāya yadi saṅkhānena yadi kasiyā yadi vaṇijjāya yadi gorakkhena yadi issatthena yadi rājaporisena yadi sippaññatarena– sītassa purakkhato uṇhassa purakkhato ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīṃsapasamphassehi rissamāno khuppipāsāya mīyamāno; ayampi, bhikkhave, kāmānaṃ ādīnavo sandiṭṭhiko, dukkhakkhandho kāmahetu kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānameva hetu.
“Tassa ce, bhikkhave, kulaputtassa evaṃ uṭṭhahato ghaṭato vāyamato te bhogā nābhinipphajjanti. So socati kilamati paridevati urattāḷiṃ kandati, sammohaṃ āpajjati– ‘moghaṃ vata me uṭṭhānaṃ, aphalo vata me vāyāmo’ti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, kāmānaṃ ādīnavo sandiṭṭhiko dukkhakkhandho kāmahetu kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānameva hetu.
“Tassa ce, bhikkhave, kulaputtassa evaṃ uṭṭhahato ghaṭato vāyamato te bhogā abhinipphajjanti. So tesaṃ bhogānaṃ ārakkhādhikaraṇaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti– ‘kinti me bhoge neva rājāno hareyyuṃ, na corā hareyyuṃ, na aggi daheyya, na udakaṃ vaheyya, na appiyā dāyādā hareyyun’ti. Tassa evaṃ ārakkhato gopayato te bhoge rājāno vā haranti, corā vā haranti, aggi vā dahati, udakaṃ vā vahati, appiyā vā dāyādā haranti. So socati kilamati paridevati urattāḷiṃ kandati, sammohaṃ āpajjati– ‘yampi me ahosi tampi no natthī’ti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, kāmānaṃ ādīnavo sandiṭṭhiko, dukkhakkhandho kāmahetu kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānameva hetu.
168. “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, kāmahetu kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānameva hetu rājānopi rājūhi vivadanti, khattiyāpi khattiyehi vivadanti brāhmaṇāpi brāhmaṇehi vivadanti, gahapatīpi gahapatīhi vivadanti, mātāpi puttena vivadati, puttopi mātarā vivadati, pitāpi puttena vivadati, puttopi pitarā vivadati, bhātāpi bhātarā vivadati, bhātāpi bhaginiyā vivadati, bhaginīpi bhātarā vivadati, sahāyopi sahāyena vivadati. Te tattha kalahaviggahavivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ pāṇīhipi upakkamanti, leḍḍūhipi upakkamanti, daṇḍehipi upakkamanti, satthehipi upakkamanti. Te tattha maraṇampi nigacchanti, maraṇamattampi dukkhaṃ Ayampi, bhikkhave, kāmānaṃ ādīnavo sandiṭṭhiko, dukkhakkhandho kāmahetu kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānameva hetu.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, kāmahetu kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānameva hetu asicammaṃ gahetvā, dhanukalāpaṃ sannayhitvā, ubhatobyūḷhaṃ saṅgāmaṃ pakkhandanti usūsupi khippamānesu sattīsupi khippamānāsu, asīsupi vijjotalantesu. Te tattha usūhipi vijjhanti, sattiyāpi vijjhanti, asināpi sīsaṃ chindanti. Te tattha maraṇampi nigacchanti, maraṇamattampi dukkhaṃ. Ayampi, bhikkhave, kāmānaṃ ādīnavo sandiṭṭhiko, dukkhakkhandho kāmahetu kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānameva hetu.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, kāmahetu kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānameva hetu asicammaṃ gahetvā, dhanukalāpaṃ sannayhitvā, addāvalepanā upakāriyo pakkhandanti usūsupi khippamānesu, sattīsupi khippamānāsu asīsupi vijjotalantesu. Te tattha usūhipi vijjhanti, sattiyāpi vijjhanti, chakaṇakāyapi osiñcanti, abhivaggenapi omaddanti, asināpi sīsaṃ chindanti. Te tattha maraṇampi nigacchanti, maraṇamattampi dukkhaṃ. Ayampi, bhikkhave, kāmānaṃ ādīnavo sandiṭṭhiko, dukkhakkhandho kāmahetu kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānameva hetu.
169. “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, kāmahetu kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānameva hetu sandhimpi chindanti, nillopampi haranti, ekāgārikampi karonti, paripanthepi tiṭṭhanti, paradārampi gacchanti. Tamenaṃ rājāno gahetvā vividhā kammakāraṇā kārenti– kasāhipi tāḷenti, vettehipi tāḷenti, aḍḍhadaṇḍakehipi tāḷenti; hatthampi chindanti, pādampi chindanti, hatthapādampi chindanti, kaṇṇampi chindanti, nāsampi chindanti, kaṇṇanāsampi chindanti; bilaṅgathālikampi karonti saṅkhamuṇḍikampi karonti, rāhumukhampi karonti, jotimālikampi karonti, hatthapajjotikampi karonti, erakavattikampi karonti, cīrakavāsikampi karonti, eṇeyyakampi karonti, baḷisamaṃsikampi karonti, kahāpaṇikampi karonti, khārāpatacchikampi karonti, palighaparivattikampi karonti, palālapīṭhakampi karonti, tattenapi telena osiñcanti, sunakhehipi khādāpenti, jīvantampi sūle uttāsenti, asināpi sīsaṃ chindanti Te tattha maraṇampi nigacchanti, maraṇamattampi dukkhaṃ. Ayampi, bhikkhave, kāmānaṃ ādīnavo sandiṭṭhiko, dukkhakkhandho kāmahetu kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānameva hetu.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, kāmahetu kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānameva hetu kāyena duccaritaṃ caranti, vācāya duccaritaṃ caranti, manasā duccaritaṃ caranti. Te kāyena duccaritaṃ caritvā, vācāya duccaritaṃ caritvā, manasā duccaritaṃ caritvā, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti. Ayampi, bhikkhave, kāmānaṃ ādīnavo samparāyiko, dukkhakkhandho kāmahetu kāmanidānaṃ kāmādhikaraṇaṃ kāmānameva hetu.
170. “Kiñca, bhikkhave, kāmānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ? Yo kho, bhikkhave, kāmesu chandarāgavinayo chandarāgappahānaṃ– idaṃ kāmānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
“Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā evaṃ kāmānaṃ assādañca assādato ādīnavañca ādīnavato nissaraṇañca nissaraṇato yathābhūtaṃ nappajānanti te vata sāmaṃ vā kāme parijānissanti, paraṃ vā tathattāya samādapessanti yathā paṭipanno kāme parijānissatīti– netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Ye ca kho keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā evaṃ kāmānaṃ assādañca assādato ādīnavañca ādīnavato nissaraṇañca nissaraṇato yathābhūtaṃ pajānanti, te vata sāmaṃ vā kāme parijānissanti paraṃ vā tathattāya samādapessanti yathā paṭipanno kāme parijānissatīti– ṭhānametaṃ vijjati.
171. “Ko ca, bhikkhave, rūpānaṃ assādo? Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, khattiyakaññā vā brāhmaṇakaññā vā gahapatikaññā vā pannarasavassuddesikā vā soḷasavassuddesikā vā, nātidīghā nātirassā nātikisā nātithūlā nātikāḷī nāccodātā paramā sā, bhikkhave, tasmiṃ samaye subhā vaṇṇanibhāti? ‘Evaṃ, bhante’. Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, subhaṃ vaṇṇanibhaṃ paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ– ayaṃ rūpānaṃ assādo.
“Ko ca, bhikkhave, rūpānaṃ ādīnavo? Idha, bhikkhave, tameva bhaginiṃ passeyya aparena samayena āsītikaṃ vā nāvutikaṃ vā vassasatikaṃ vā jātiyā, jiṇṇaṃ gopānasivaṅkaṃ bhoggaṃ daṇḍaparāyanaṃ pavedhamānaṃ gacchantiṃ āturaṃ gatayobbanaṃ khaṇḍadantaṃ palitakesaṃ, vilūnaṃ khalitasiraṃ valinaṃ tilakāhatagattaṃ. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, yā purimā subhā vaṇṇanibhā sā antarahitā, ādīnavo pātubhūtoti? ‘Evaṃ, bhante’. Ayampi, bhikkhave, rūpānaṃ ādīnavo.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, tameva bhaginiṃ passeyya ābādhikaṃ dukkhitaṃ bāḷhagilānaṃ, sake muttakarīse palipannaṃ semānaṃ, aññehi vuṭṭhāpiyamānaṃ, aññehi saṃvesiyamānaṃ. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, yā purimā subhā vaṇṇanibhā sā antarahitā, ādīnavo pātubhūtoti? ‘Evaṃ, bhante’. Ayampi, bhikkhave, rūpānaṃ ādīnavo.
172. “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, tameva bhaginiṃ passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ– ekāhamataṃ vā dvīhamataṃ vā tīhamataṃ vā, uddhumātakaṃ vinīlakaṃ vipubbakajātaṃ. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, yā purimā subhā vaṇṇanibhā sā antarahitā, ādīnavo pātubhūtoti? ‘Evaṃ, bhante’. Ayampi, bhikkhave, rūpānaṃ ādīnavo.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, tameva bhaginiṃ passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ– kākehi vā khajjamānaṃ, kulalehi vā khajjamānaṃ, gijjhehi vā khajjamānaṃ, kaṅkehi vā khajjamānaṃ, sunakhehi vā khajjamānaṃ, byagghehi vā khajjamānaṃ, dīpīhi vā khajjamānaṃ, siṅgālehi vā khajjamānaṃ, vividhehi vā pāṇakajātehi khajjamānaṃ. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave yā purimā subhā vaṇṇanibhā sā antarahitā, ādīnavo pātubhūtoti? ‘Evaṃ, bhante’. Ayampi, bhikkhave, rūpānaṃ ādīnavo.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, tameva bhaginiṃ passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ– aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṃ samaṃsalohitaṃ nhārusambandhaṃ, aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṃ nimaṃsalohitamakkhitaṃ nhārusambandhaṃ, aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṃ apagatamaṃsalohitaṃ nhārusambandhaṃ, aṭṭhikāni apagatasambandhāni disāvidisāvikkhittāni– aññena hatthaṭṭhikaṃ, aññena pādaṭṭhikaṃ, aññena gopphakaṭṭhikaṃ, aññena jaṅghaṭṭhikaṃ, aññena ūruṭṭhikaṃ, aññena kaṭiṭṭhikaṃ, aññena phāsukaṭṭhikaṃ, aññena piṭṭhiṭṭhikaṃ, aññena khandhaṭṭhikaṃ, aññena gīvaṭṭhikaṃ, aññena hanukaṭṭhikaṃ, aññena dantaṭṭhikaṃ, aññena sīsakaṭāhaṃ. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, yā purimā subhā vaṇṇanibhā sā antarahitā, ādīnavo pātubhūtoti? ‘Evaṃ, bhante’. Ayampi, bhikkhave, rūpānaṃ ādīnavo.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, tameva bhaginiṃ passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ– aṭṭhikāni setāni saṅkhavaṇṇapaṭibhāgāni, aṭṭhikāni puñjakitāni terovassikāni, aṭṭhikāni pūtīni cuṇṇakajātāni. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, yā purimā subhā vaṇṇanibhā sā antarahitā, ādīnavo pātubhūtoti? ‘Evaṃ, bhante’. Ayampi, bhikkhave, rūpānaṃ ādīnavo.
“Kiñca, bhikkhave, rūpānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ? Yo, bhikkhave, rūpesu chandarāgavinayo chandarāgappahānaṃ– idaṃ rūpānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
“Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā evaṃ rūpānaṃ assādañca assādato ādīnavañca ādīnavato nissaraṇañca nissaraṇato yathābhūtaṃ nappajānanti te vata sāmaṃ vā rūpe parijānissanti, paraṃ vā tathattāya samādapessanti yathā paṭipanno rūpe parijānissatīti– netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Ye ca kho keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā evaṃ rūpānaṃ assādañca assādato ādīnavañca ādīnavato nissaraṇañca nissaraṇato yathābhūtaṃ pajānanti te vata sāmaṃ vā rūpe parijānissanti paraṃ vā tathattāya samādapessanti yathā paṭipanno rūpe parijānissatīti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati.
173. “Ko ca, bhikkhave, vedanānaṃ assādo? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati, neva tasmiṃ samaye attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti abyābajjhaṃyeva tasmiṃ samaye vedanaṃ vedeti. Abyābajjhaparamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, vedanānaṃ assādaṃ vadāmi.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati …pe… yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu pītiyā ca virāgā, upekkhako ca viharati, sato ca sampajāno sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti– ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati …pe… yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati, neva tasmiṃ samaye attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti; abyābajjhaṃyeva tasmiṃ samaye vedanaṃ vedeti. Abyābajjhaparamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, vedanānaṃ assādaṃ vadāmi.
174. “Ko ca, bhikkhave, vedanānaṃ ādīnavo? Yaṃ, bhikkhave, vedanā aniccā dukkhā vipariṇāmadhammā– ayaṃ vedanānaṃ ādīnavo.
“Kiñca, bhikkhave, vedanānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ? Yo, bhikkhave, vedanāsu chandarāgavinayo, chandarāgappahānaṃ– idaṃ vedanānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
“Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā evaṃ vedanānaṃ assādañca assādato ādīnavañca ādīnavato nissaraṇañca nissaraṇato yathābhūtaṃ nappajānanti, te vata sāmaṃ vā vedanaṃ parijānissanti, paraṃ vā tathattāya samādapessanti yathā paṭipanno vedanaṃ parijānissatīti– netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Ye ca kho keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā evaṃ vedanānaṃ assādañca assādato ādīnavañca ādīnavato nissaraṇañca nissaraṇato yathābhūtaṃ pajānanti te vata sāmaṃ vā vedanaṃ parijānissanti, paraṃ vā tathattāya samādapessanti yathā paṭipanno vedanaṃ parijānissatīti– ṭhānametaṃ vijjatī”ti.
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
Mahādukkhakkhandhasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ tatiyaṃ.