第一千零八章 传承弟子经
中部3经/法之继承人经(根本法门品[1])
这是我亲身听闻到的,有个时候,佛陀住在舍卫城的祇陀林给孤独园,有一天,佛陀呼唤众比丘,说到:“比丘们!”比丘们回答到:“世尊!”佛陀继续说到:“比丘们,你们要成为如来法的继承人,不要成为如来物品的继承人,如来是怜悯你们的,希望如来的圣弟子能成为如来法的继承人,不要成为如来物品的继承人。
比丘们,如果你们成为了如来物品的继承人,而不是如来法的继承人,那么你们将会受到别人的指责和批评:这个老师的弟子们是他物品的继承人,不是他法的继承人。如来也会受到他人的指责和批评:这个老师的弟子们是他物品的继承人,不是他法的继承人。
比丘们,如果你们是如来法的继承人,不是如来物品的继承人,那么就不会受到别人的指责和批评,如来也不会受到别人的指责和批评。
因此,比丘们,你们要做如来法的继承人,不要做如来物品的继承人。如来怜悯你们,希望:如来的弟子们是如来法的继承人,不是如来物品的继承人。
比丘们,就如同今天,如来已经得到饮食,已经吃饱了,已经饱食了,如来已经用过餐,已经完全饱腹了,如果还有剩余的食物,就应该舍弃了,这时有两个饥饿疲惫的比丘,如来对他们说:比丘们,如来已经得到饮食,已经吃饱了,已经饱食了,这里还有剩余的食物,应该要舍弃,你们如果想要吃这些食物就拿去吃吧,如果你们不吃这些食物,如来也会将这些食物丢弃到没有草的地方,丢弃到没有虫的水中,这时,其中一个比丘他想:世尊已经饱腹了,世尊将会把剩余的食物丢弃,我就算不吃这些食物,世尊也会将这些食物舍弃到无草的地方,舍弃到无虫的水中,世尊曾经说过,比丘们,你们要做如来法的继承人,不要做如来物品的继承人,这些剩余的食物也是一种物品,我现在虽然饥饿疲惫,但是不应该吃世尊的这些剩余食物。我应该忍受饥饿疲惫的身体度过一天,这个比丘,他不吃如来剩余的食物,忍受饥饿疲惫度过了一天。
另外一个比丘,他想:世尊已经饱腹了,世尊剩余的食物将会舍弃,我不吃这些食物,世尊会将这些食物舍弃到无草的地方,无虫的水中,我还是吃这些剩余的食物吧,至少来说,这些食物可以让我不饥饿难耐,让我恢复疲惫的身体,能让我安稳的度过一天,这个比丘于是就吃了剩余的食物,安稳的度过了一天。
比丘们这位比丘,他吃了如来剩余的食物,他虽然让自己不再忍受饥饿,恢复了疲惫的身体,安稳的度过一天,但是他与之前那个不吃如来剩余食物的比丘比较而言,如来更加尊敬和赞叹第一个比丘,为什么呢?
比丘们,因为第一个比丘,他能长久的减少欲望,知道满足,知道消减欲望,贪爱,消减能够让人生起欲望,贪爱的事物,他是能够过简单生活的,是能够精进修行的。
比丘们,你们要成为如来法的继承人,不要成为如来物品的继承人。如来怜悯你们,希望:你们成为如来法的继承人,不成为如来物品的继承人。“
佛陀说法后,就从座位上站起来,进入精舍禅修了。
佛陀进入精舍后不久,舍利弗尊者对诸位比丘说到:”各位学友“
比丘们回答舍利弗尊者道:”舍利弗尊者“
舍利弗尊者继续说到:”各位学友,老师住于远离时,弟子们不跟着学远离,这是为什么呢?
老师住于远离时,弟子们跟着学远离,这是为什么呢?“
比丘们回答:”舍利弗尊者,我们远道而来,就是为了领悟这句话的意思,恭请尊者您慈悲的为我们说明这句话的意思,如果尊者您能为我们说明这句话的意思,那么我们荣幸之极,会按照您说的意思去修行的。“
舍利弗尊者说:”好的,各位学友,你们要认真的听,要仔细的思考,我将为你们详细的讲说这句话的意思。“
比丘们回答舍利弗尊者到:”好的,舍利弗尊者,我们会认真的听,仔细的思考的,恭请您为我们讲说这句话的意思。“
舍利弗尊者说:”老师住于远离,弟子们不跟着学远离,老师所说的应该舍离之法而不去舍离,奢侈浪费,散漫懒惰,甚至于堕落,他们以远离为沉重的负荷就会逃避。学友们,长老比丘会被呵责的三种事情(长老比丘解释:出家十年以上的比丘),即是:老师住于远离时,弟子们不跟着学远离,这是长老比丘会被呵责的第一件事情,
第二件事情,老师说要舍离的法而不去舍离这些法,这就是长老比丘应该被呵责的第二件事情。
第三件事情,奢侈浪费,散漫懒惰,甚至于堕落,把远离当成是沉重的负荷来逃避,回避。这就是长老比丘应该被呵责的第三件事情。
学友们,这就是长老比丘应该被呵责的三件事情。
比丘们,中腊比丘(中腊比丘解释:出家五年到九年的资深比丘),也有三件事情会被呵责,是哪三件事情呢?
即是:老师住于远离时,弟子们不跟着学远离,这是中腊比丘会被呵责的第一件事情,
第二件事情,老师说要舍离的法而不去舍离这些法,这就是中腊比丘应该被呵责的第二件事情。
第三件事情,奢侈浪费,散漫懒惰,甚至于堕落,把远离当成是沉重的负荷来逃避,回避。这就是中腊比丘应该被呵责的第三件事情。
学友们,这就是中腊比丘应该被呵责的三件事情。
同样的新学友比丘(新学比丘解释:出家四年以下为新学比丘),也有三件事情会被呵责,是哪三件事情呢?
即是:老师住于远离时,弟子们不跟着学远离,这是新学比丘会被呵责的第一件事情,
第二件事情,老师说要舍离的法而不去舍离这些法,这就是新学比丘应该被呵责的第二件事情。
第三件事情,奢侈浪费,散漫懒惰,甚至于堕落,把远离当成是沉重的负荷来逃避,回避。这就是新学比丘应该被呵责的第三件事情。
学友们,这就是新学比丘应该被呵责的三件事情。
学友们,老师住于远离,弟子们不跟着学远离,其他的弟子也是如此,也同样有与长老比丘,中腊比丘,新学比丘一样的应该被呵责的三件事情。
老师住于远离的时候,弟子们也应该跟着学习远离。
学友们,老师所说的应该舍离的法,要舍离这些法,不奢侈浪费,不散漫懒惰,不会把远离当成是沉重的负荷,不会逃避回避,不会堕落。如果能够做到,那么长老比丘就有三件事情会被称赞,同样能够做到的中腊比丘,新学比丘也同样会有三件事情值得称赞。即是:老师住于远离时,弟子们也跟着学习远离,这就是值得称赞的第一件事情;老师所说的应该舍离的法,弟子们也能舍离这些法,这是值得称赞的第二件事情;不奢侈浪费,不散漫懒惰,不会把远离当成是沉重的负荷,不会逃避回避,会更进一步的远离,这就是值得称赞的第三件事情。
学友们,老师住于远离的时候,弟子们跟着学习远离,其他弟子也是如此,有与长老比丘,中腊比丘,新学比丘一样值得称赞的三件事情。
学友,在这里,贪爱是恶,发怒也是恶,应该舍弃贪爱,舍弃发怒,那么这时就住于中道,使正确的见解生起,清净生起,真正的智慧生起,导向于平静,宁静,寂静,超越一般人凡人的智慧,证悟解脱生死的智慧,证悟无上正等正觉,进入涅槃的境界之中。学友使你们生起正确的见解,生起清净,生起真正的智慧,导向于平静,宁静,寂静,超越一般人凡人的智慧,证悟解脱生死的智慧,证悟无上正等正觉,进入涅槃的境界之中的中道到底是什么呢?
就是八正道,即是:正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定(八正道解释,见第九百三十二章)。学友们,中道就可以让你们生起正确的见解,生起清净,生起真正的智慧,导向平静,宁静,寂静,超越一般人凡人的智慧,证悟解脱生死的智慧,证悟无上正等正觉,进入涅槃的境界之中。
学友们,在这里,愤怒是恶,怨恨是恶,伪善隐藏恶是恶,专横是恶,嫉妒是恶,小气吝啬是恶,奸诈是恶,欺骗是恶,顽固是恶,性急是恶,骄傲是恶,极其的骄傲自大是恶,放纵是恶,简单的说,放逸就是恶。
学友们舍弃愤怒,怨恨,伪善,隐藏恶,专横,嫉妒,小气吝啬,奸诈,欺骗,顽固,性急,骄傲,极其骄傲自大,放纵,舍弃这些放逸就会住于中道,使正确的见解生起,清净生起,真正的智慧生起,导向于平静,宁静,寂静,超越一般人凡人的智慧,证悟解脱生死的智慧,证悟无上正等正觉,进入涅槃的境界之中。
学友们使你们生起正确的见解,生起清净,生起真正的智慧,导向于平静,宁静,寂静,超越一般人凡人的智慧,证悟解脱生死的智慧,证悟无上正等正觉,进入涅槃的境界之中的中道到底是什么呢?
就是八正道,即是:正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定。学友们,中道就可以让你们生起正确的见解,生起清净,生起真正的智慧,导向平静,宁静,寂静,超越一般人凡人的智慧,证悟解脱生死的智慧,证悟无上正等正觉,进入涅槃的境界之中。”
舍利弗尊者这样说法后,比丘们都欢喜的顶礼舍利弗尊者,赞叹舍利弗尊者代佛陀说法的无量功德,并按着佛陀和舍利弗尊者所说的法去修行。
巴利语原版经文
MN.3/(3) Dhammadāyādasuttaṃ
29. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “bhikkhavo”ti. “Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca–
“Dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā. Atthi me tumhesu anukampā– ‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā’ti. Tumhe ca me, bhikkhave, āmisadāyādā bhaveyyātha no dhammadāyādā, tumhepi tena ādiyā bhaveyyātha– ‘āmisadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no dhammadāyādā’ti; ahampi tena ādiyo bhaveyyaṃ– ‘āmisadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no dhammadāyādā’ti. Tumhe ca me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhaveyyātha, no āmisadāyādā, tumhepi tena na ādiyā bhaveyyātha– ‘dhammadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no āmisadāyādā’ti; ahampi tena na ādiyo bhaveyyaṃ– ‘dhammadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no āmisadāyādā’ti. Tasmātiha me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā. Atthi me tumhesu anukampā– ‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā’ti.
30. “Idhāhaṃ, bhikkhave, bhuttāvī assaṃ pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; siyā ca me piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo. Atha dve bhikkhū āgaccheyyuṃ jighacchādubbalya- paretā Tyāhaṃ evaṃ vadeyyaṃ– ‘ahaṃ khomhi, bhikkhave, bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; atthi ca me ayaṃ piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo. Sace ākaṅkhatha, bhuñjatha, no ce tumhe bhuñjissatha, idānāhaṃ appaharite vā chaḍḍessāmi, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessāmī’ti. Tatrekassa bhikkhuno evamassa– ‘bhagavā kho bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; atthi cāyaṃ bhagavato piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo. Sace mayaṃ na bhuñjissāma, idāni bhagavā appaharite vā chaḍḍessati, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessati’ Vuttaṃ kho panetaṃ bhagavatā– ‘dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā’ti. Āmisaññataraṃ kho panetaṃ, yadidaṃ piṇḍapāto. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ imaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ abhuñjitvā imināva jighacchādubbalyena evaṃ imaṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyyan”ti. So taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ abhuñjitvā teneva jighacchādubbalyena evaṃ taṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya. Atha dutiyassa bhikkhuno evamassa– ‘bhagavā kho bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; atthi cāyaṃ bhagavato piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo. Sace mayaṃ na bhuñjissāma, idāni bhagavā appaharite vā chaḍḍessati, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessati. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ imaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṃ paṭivinodetvā evaṃ imaṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyyan’ti. So taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṃ paṭivinodetvā evaṃ taṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya. Kiñcāpi so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṃ paṭivinodetvā evaṃ taṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya, atha kho asuyeva me purimo bhikkhu pujjataro ca pāsaṃsataro ca. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tañhi tassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno dīgharattaṃ appicchatāya santuṭṭhiyā sallekhāya subharatāya vīriyārambhāya saṃvattissati. Tasmātiha me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā. Atthi me tumhesu anukampā– ‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā’”ti.
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ pāvisi.
31. Tatra kho āyasmā sāriputto acirapakkantassa bhagavato bhikkhū āmantesi– “āvuso bhikkhave”ti. “Āvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca–
“Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti, kittāvatā ca pana satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanu-sikkhantī”ti? “Dūratopi kho mayaṃ, āvuso, āgacchāma āyasmato sāriputtassa santike etassa bhāsitassa atthamaññātuṃ. Sādhu vatāyasmantaṃyeva sāriputtaṃ paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho; āyasmato sāriputtassa sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī”ti. “Tena hāvuso, suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī”ti. “Evamāvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca –
“Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti? Idhāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti, yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha, te ca dhamme nappajahanti, bāhulikā ca honti, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā. Tatrāvuso, therā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhantī’ti– iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme nappajahantī’ti– iminā dutiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Bāhulikā ca, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā’ti– iminā tatiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. Therā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. Tatrāvuso, majjhimā bhikkhū …pe… navā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhantī’ti– iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme nappajahantī’ti– iminā dutiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Bāhulikā ca honti, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā’ti – iminā tatiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. Navā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. Ettāvatā kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti.
32. “Kittāvatā ca, panāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti Idhāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti– yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahanti; na ca bāhulikā honti, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā. Tatrāvuso, therā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhantī’ti– iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahantī’ti– iminā dutiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Na ca bāhulikā, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā’ti– iminā tatiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. Therā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti Tatrāvuso, majjhimā bhikkhū …pe… navā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhantī’ti– iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahantī’ti– iminā dutiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Na ca bāhulikā, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā’ti– iminā tatiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. Navā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti. Ettāvatā kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti.
33. “Tatrāvuso, lobho ca pāpako doso ca pāpako. Lobhassa ca pahānāya dosassa ca pahānāya atthi majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Katamā ca sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammā-ājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. Ayaṃ kho sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati.
“Tatrāvuso, kodho ca pāpako upanāho ca pāpako …pe… makkho ca pāpako paḷāso ca pāpako, issā ca pāpikā maccherañca pāpakaṃ, māyā ca pāpikā sāṭheyyañca pāpakaṃ, thambho ca pāpako sārambho ca pāpako, māno ca pāpako atimāno ca pāpako, mado ca pāpako pamādo ca pāpako. Madassa ca pahānāya pamādassa ca pahānāya atthi majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Katamā ca sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ– sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammā-ājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. Ayaṃ kho sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattatī”ti.
Idamavocāyasmā sāriputto. Attamanā te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
Dhammadāyādasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ tatiyaṃ.