相应部16相应7经到8经 (因缘相应/因缘篇/修多罗)

7 第二教诫经

世尊住在王舍城的竹林中。这时,大迦叶尊者来到世尊处...坐在一旁后,世尊对坐在一旁的大迦叶尊者说："迦叶,你去教诫比丘们吧;迦叶,为比丘们作法说吧。要么我去教诫比丘们,要么你去;要么我为比丘们作法说,要么你去。"

"大德,现在的比丘们难以教导,具有使人难以教导的性质,不能忍耐,不恭敬地接受教导。大德,若有人对善法无信心,对善法无惭愧心,对善法无畏惧心,对善法无精进心,对善法无智慧,无论是夜晚还是白天,在善法上只能期待衰退,不会增长。"

"大德,就像在黑月期间,月亮无论是夜晚还是白天,都在色泽上衰退,在圆满度上衰退,在光明上衰退,在大小上衰退。同样地,大德,若有人对善法无信心,对善法无惭愧心,对善法无畏惧心,对善法无精进心,对善法无智慧,无论是夜晚还是白天,在善法上只能期待衰退,不会增长。"

"大德,'无信心的人',这是衰退;'无惭愧的人',这是衰退;'无畏惧的人',这是衰退;'懈怠的人',这是衰退;'无智慧的人',这是衰退;'易怒的人',这是衰退;'怀恨的人',这是衰退;'没有教导者的比丘们',这是衰退。"

"大德,若有人对善法有信心,对善法有惭愧心,对善法有畏惧心,对善法有精进心,对善法有智慧,无论是夜晚还是白天,在善法上只能期待增长,不会衰退。"

"大德,就像在明月期间,月亮无论是夜晚还是白天,都在色泽上增长,在圆满度上增长,在光明上增长,在大小上增长。同样地,大德,若有人对善法有信心,对善法有惭愧心,对善法有畏惧心,对善法有精进心,对善法有智慧,无论是夜晚还是白天,在善法上只能期待增长,不会衰退。"

"大德,'有信心的人',这是不衰退;'有惭愧的人',这是不衰退;'有畏惧的人',这是不衰退;'精进的人',这是不衰退;'有智慧的人',这是不衰退;'不易怒的人',这是不衰退;'不怀恨的人',这是不衰退;'有教导者的比丘们',这是不衰退。"

"善哉!善哉!迦叶。若有人对善法无信心,对善法无惭愧心,对善法无畏惧心,对善法无精进心,对善法无智慧,无论是夜晚还是白天,在善法上只能期待衰退,不会增长。"

"就像,迦叶,在黑月期间,月亮无论是夜晚还是白天,都在色泽上衰退,在圆满度上衰退,在光明上衰退,在大小上衰退。同样地,迦叶,若有人对善法无信心,对善法无惭愧心,对善法无畏惧心,对善法无精进心,对善法无智慧,无论是夜晚还是白天,在善法上只能期待衰退,不会增长。'无信心的人',迦叶,这是衰退;'无惭愧的人'....'无畏惧的人'...'懈怠的人'...'无智慧的人'...'易怒的人'...'怀恨的人',迦叶,这是衰退;'没有教导者的比丘们',迦叶,这是衰退。"

"若有人，迦叶，对善法有信心，对善法有惭愧心，对善法有畏惧心，对善法有精进心，对善法有智慧，无论是夜晚还是白天，在善法上只能期待增长，不会衰退。"

"就像，迦叶，在明月期间，月亮无论是夜晚还是白天，都在色泽上增长，在圆满度上增长，在光明上增长，在大小上增长。同样地，迦叶，若有人对善法有信心，对善法有惭愧心，对善法有畏惧心，对善法有精进心，对善法有智慧，无论是夜晚还是白天，在善法上只能期待增长，不会衰退。"

"'有信心的人'，迦叶，这是不衰退；'有惭愧心的人'....'有畏惧心的人'...'精进的人'...'有智慧的人'...'不易怒的人'...'不怀恨的人'，迦叶，这是不衰退；'有教导者的比丘们'，迦叶，这是不衰退。"

这是第七经。

8 第三教诫经

世尊住在王舍城迦兰陀竹园。这时，大迦叶尊者来到世尊处，礼敬世尊后坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的大迦叶尊者说："迦叶，你去教诫比丘们吧；迦叶，为比丘们作法说吧。要么我去教诫比丘们，要么你去；要么我为比丘们作法说，要么你去。"

"大德，现在的比丘们难以教导，具有使人难以教导的性质，不能忍耐，不恭敬地接受教导。"

"迦叶，过去的长老比丘们是林居者且赞叹林居生活，是托钵乞食者且赞叹托钵生活，是穿粪扫衣者且赞叹穿粪扫衣，是持三衣者且赞叹持三衣，是少欲者且赞叹少欲，是知足者且赞叹知足，是独处者且赞叹独处，是远离群众者且赞叹远离，是精进者且赞叹精进。"

"那时，若有比丘是林居者且赞叹林居生活，是托钵乞食者且赞叹托钵生活，是穿粪扫衣者且赞叹穿粪扫衣，是持三衣者且赞叹持三衣，是少欲者且赞叹少欲，是知足者且赞叹知足，是独处者且赞叹独处，是远离群众者且赞叹远离，是精进者且赞叹精进，长老比丘们就会邀请他入座说：'来吧，比丘！这位比丘是谁啊？这位比丘真是善良啊！这位比丘真是爱好学习啊！来吧，比丘！请坐在这里。'"

"迦叶，这时新学比丘们就会想：'据说，若有比丘是林居者且赞叹林居生活，是托钵乞食者且赞叹托钵生活，是穿粪扫衣者且赞叹穿粪扫衣，是持三衣者且赞叹持三衣，是少欲者且赞叹少欲，是知足者且赞叹知足，是独处者且赞叹独处，是远离群众者且赞叹远离，是精进者且赞叹精进，长老比丘们就会邀请他入座说：来吧，比丘！这位比丘是谁啊？这位比丘真是善良啊！这位比丘真是爱好学习啊！来吧，比丘！请坐在这里。'他们就会效法这样做，这对他们长期有利，带来安乐。"

"但是现在，迦叶，长老比丘们既不是林居者也不赞叹林居生活，既不是托钵乞食者也不赞叹托钵生活，既不是穿粪扫衣者也不赞叹穿粪扫衣，既不是持三衣者也不赞叹持三衣，既不是少欲者也不赞叹少欲，既不是知足者也不赞叹知足，既不是独处者也不赞叹独处，既不是远离群众者也不赞叹远离，既不是精进者也不赞叹精进。"

"现在，若有比丘出名、有声望、获得衣服、饮食、住处、医药等必需品，长老比丘们就会邀请他入座说：'来吧，比丘！这位比丘是谁啊？这位比丘真是善良啊！这位比丘真是喜欢同修啊！来吧，比丘！请坐在这里。'"

"迦叶，这时新学比丘们就会想：'据说，若有比丘出名、有声望、获得衣服、饮食、住处、医药等必需品，长老比丘们就会邀请他入座说：来吧，比丘！这位比丘是谁啊？这位比丘真是善良啊！这位比丘真是喜欢同修啊！来吧，比丘！请坐在这里。'他们就会效法这样做，这对他们长期带来伤害和痛苦。若有人，迦叶，正确地说：'修行人被修行人的灾难所困扰，被修行人的贪求所困扰'，现在，迦叶，正是可以这样说的时候：'修行人被修行人的灾难所困扰，被修行人的贪求所困扰。'"

这是第八经。

巴利语原版经文

SN.16.7. Dutiya-ovādasuttaṃ

　　 150. Rājagahe viharati veḷuvane. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami …pe… ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ bhagavā etadavoca– “ovada, kassapa, bhikkhū; karohi, kassapa, bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ. Ahaṃ vā, kassapa bhikkhū ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā; ahaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā”ti.

　　 “Dubbacā kho, bhante, etarahi bhikkhū, dovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgatā akkhamā appadakkhiṇaggāhino anusāsaniṃ. Yassa kassaci, bhante, saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī natthi kusalesu dhammesu, ottappaṃ natthi kusalesu dhammesu, vīriyaṃ natthi kusalesu dhammesu, paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuddhi.

　　 “Seyyathāpi, bhante, kāḷapakkhe candassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāyateva vaṇṇena, hāyati maṇḍalena, hāyati ābhāya, hāyati ārohapariṇāhena. Evameva kho, bhante, yassa kassaci saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu …pe… hirī natthi… ottappaṃ natthi vīriyaṃ natthi… paññā natthi… kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuddhi.

　　 “‘Assaddho purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘ahiriko purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘anottappī purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘kusīto purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘duppañño purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘kodhano purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘upanāhī purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘na santi bhikkhū ovādakā’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ.

　　 “Yassa kassaci, bhante, saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī atthi kusalesu dhammesu, ottappaṃ atthi kusalesu dhammesu, vīriyaṃ atthi kusalesu dhammesu, paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni.

　　 “Seyyathāpi, bhante, juṇhapakkhe candassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vaḍḍhateva vaṇṇena, vaḍḍhati maṇḍalena vaḍḍhati ābhāya, vaḍḍhati ārohapariṇāhena. Evameva kho, bhante, yassa kassaci saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu… hirī atthi …pe… ottappaṃ atthi… vīriyaṃ atthi… paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni.

　　 “‘Saddho purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘hirimā purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘ottappī purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘āraddhavīriyo purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘paññavā purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘akkodhano purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘anupanāhī purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘santi bhikkhū ovādakā’ti, bhante, aparihānametan”ti.

　　 “Sādhu sādhu, kassapa. Yassa kassaci, kassapa, saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu …pe… hirī natthi… ottappaṃ natthi… vīriyaṃ natthi… paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuddhi.

　　 “Seyyathāpi, kassapa, kāḷapakkhe candassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāyateva vaṇṇena …pe… hāyati ārohapariṇāhena. Evameva kho, kassapa, yassa kassaci saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu …pe… hirī natthi… ottappaṃ natthi… vīriyaṃ natthi… paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuddhi. ‘Assaddho purisapuggalo’ti, kassapa, parihānametaṃ ahiriko …pe… anottappī… kusīto… duppañño… kodhano… ‘upanāhī purisapuggalo’ti, kassapa, parihānametaṃ; ‘na santi bhikkhū ovādakā’ti, kassapa, parihānametaṃ.

　　 “Yassa kassaci, kassapa, saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu …pe… hirī atthi… ottappaṃ atthi… vīriyaṃ atthi… paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni.

　　 “Seyyathāpi, kassapa, juṇhapakkhe candassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vaḍḍhateva vaṇṇena, vaḍḍhati maṇḍalena, vaḍḍhati ābhāya, vaḍḍhati ārohapariṇāhena. Evameva kho, kassapa, yassa kassaci saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu hirī atthi… ottappaṃ atthi… vīriyaṃ atthi… paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni.

　　 “‘Saddho purisapuggalo’ti, kassapa, aparihānametaṃ; hirimā …pe… ottappī… āraddhavīriyo… paññavā… akkodhano… ‘anupanāhī purisapuggalo’ti, kassapa, aparihānametaṃ; ‘santi bhikkhū ovādakā’ti, kassapa, aparihānametan”ti. Sattamaṃ.

SN.16.8. Tatiya-ovādasuttaṃ

　　 151. Rājagahe kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ bhagavā etadavoca– “ovada, kassapa, bhikkhū; karohi, kassapa, bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ. Ahaṃ vā, kassapa, bhikkhūnaṃ ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā; ahaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā”ti.

　　 “Dubbacā kho, bhante, etarahi bhikkhū, dovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgatā, akkhamā, appadakkhiṇaggāhino anusāsanīn”ti. “Tathā hi pana, kassapa, pubbe therā bhikkhū āraññikā ceva ahesuṃ āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino, piṇḍapātikā ceva ahesuṃ piṇḍapātikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino paṃsukūlikā ceva ahesuṃ paṃsukūlikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino, tecīvarikā ceva ahesuṃ tecīvarikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino, appicchā ceva ahesuṃ appicchatāya ca vaṇṇavādino, santuṭṭhā ceva ahesuṃ santuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādino, pavivittā ceva ahesuṃ pavivekassa ca vaṇṇavādino, asaṃsaṭṭhā ceva ahesuṃ asaṃsaggassa ca vaṇṇavādino, āraddhavīriyā ceva ahesuṃ vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādino.

　　 “Tatra yo hoti bhikkhu āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva piṇḍapātikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, paṃsukūliko ceva paṃsukūlikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, tecīvariko ceva tecīvarikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, appiccho ceva appicchatāya ca vaṇṇavādī, santuṭṭho ceva santuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī, pavivitto ceva pavivekassa ca vaṇṇavādī, asaṃsaṭṭho ceva asaṃsaggassa ca vaṇṇavādī, āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī, taṃ therā bhikkhū āsanena nimantenti– ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko nāmāyaṃ bhikkhu, bhaddako vatāyaṃ bhikkhu, sikkhākāmo vatāyaṃ bhikkhu; ehi, bhikkhu, idaṃ āsanaṃ nisīdāhī’”ti.

　　 “Tatra, kassapa, navānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ evaṃ hoti– ‘yo kira so hoti bhikkhu āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva …pe… paṃsukūliko ceva… tecīvariko ceva… appiccho ceva… santuṭṭho ceva… pavivitto ceva… asaṃsaṭṭho ceva… āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī, taṃ therā bhikkhū āsanena nimantenti– ehi, bhikkhu, ko nāmāyaṃ bhikkhu, bhaddako vatāyaṃ bhikkhu, sikkhākāmo vatāyaṃ bhikkhu; ehi, bhikkhu, idaṃ āsanaṃ nisīdāhī’ti. Te tathattāya paṭipajjanti; tesaṃ taṃ hoti dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya.

　　 “Etarahi pana, kassapa, therā bhikkhū na ceva āraññikā na ca āraññikattassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva piṇḍapātikā na ca piṇḍapātikattassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva paṃsukūlikā na ca paṃsukūlikattassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva tecīvarikā na ca tecīvarikattassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva appicchā na ca appicchatāya vaṇṇavādino, na ceva santuṭṭhā na ca santuṭṭhiyā vaṇṇavādino, na ceva pavivittā na ca pavivekassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva asaṃsaṭṭhā na ca asaṃsaggassa vaṇṇavādino na ceva āraddhavīriyā na ca vīriyārambhassa vaṇṇavādino.

　　 “Tatra yo hoti bhikkhu ñāto yasassī lābhī cīvara-piṇḍapāta-senāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ taṃ therā bhikkhū āsanena nimantenti– ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko nāmāyaṃ bhikkhu, bhaddako vatāyaṃ bhikkhu, sabrahmacārikāmo vatāyaṃ bhikkhu; ehi, bhikkhu, idaṃ āsanaṃ nisīdāhī’”ti.

　　 “Tatra, kassapa, navānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ evaṃ hoti– ‘yo kira so hoti bhikkhu ñāto yasassī lābhī cīvara-piṇḍapāta-senāsana-gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ taṃ therā bhikkhū āsanena nimantenti– ehi, bhikkhu, ko nāmāyaṃ bhikkhu, bhaddako vatāyaṃ bhikkhu, sabrahmacārikāmo vatāyaṃ bhikkhu; ehi, bhikkhu, idaṃ āsanaṃ nisīdāhī’ti. Te tathattāya paṭipajjanti. Tesaṃ taṃ hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya. Yañhi taṃ, kassapa, sammā vadamāno vadeyya– ‘upaddutā brahmacārī brahmacārūpaddavena abhipatthanā brahmacārī brahmacāri-abhipatthanenā’ti, etarahi taṃ, kassapa, sammā vadamāno vadeyya– ‘upaddutā brahmacārī brahmacārūpaddavena abhipatthanā brahmacārī brahmacāri-abhipatthanenā’”ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.